Levels of technicality in scientific communication

The large number of specialized languages which have resulted from the rapid development of modern science and technology, although meant to facilitate communication within each area of specialization, may create barriers to understanding between different levels of competence and specialization. Ways have to be found for identifying and describing the fundamental features of technical and scientific writing and for clarifying its differences from what is called “common” language.In this paper, the style of scientific writing has been discussed from the point of view of its lexical, semantic, and use characteristics. On the assumption that the level of technicality of a scientific publication is responding to the degree of training and specialization of its readership, a comparison was made between the language of a group of articles taken from the Scientific American and the language of articles given as references by them. Distribution and overlap of vocabulary in the two groups of articles were analyzed. Some differences between the writings in two areas of science were found.     

ScienceCentral: open access full-text archive of scientific journals based on Journal Article Tag Suite regardless of their languages

ScienceCentral, a free or open access, full-text archive of scientific journal literature at the Korean Federation of Science and Technology Societies, was under test in September 2013. Since it is a Journal Article Tag Suite-based full text database, extensible markup language files of all languages can be presented, according to Unicode Transformation Format 8-bit encoding. It is comparable to PubMed Central: however, there are two distinct differences. First, its scope comprises all science fields; second, it accepts all language journals. Launching ScienceCentral is the first step for free access or open access academic scientific journals of all languages to leap to the world, including scientific journals from Croatia.     

To what extent is language teaching methodology informed by theory？

With the globalization of the world, language teaching becomes more important than ever before, and many universities and classroom teachers are active to exploret he most efficient and effective methodology to teach languages to achieve a desirable result. When they seek to improve the quality of language teaching, they often research teaching methodologies by referring to general theories about language and language learning. Theoretical bases and teachers‘ hands-out experience have informed methodologies of language teaching, and methods of language teaching have been improved with the developments about linguistics, psychology and education. But there is a question which extent the information that theory has made available can be used to explore language teaching methodology and of the relevance of theory to language teaching methodology.     

现代汉语教学改革论析

现代汉语是高等师范院校中文专业开设的一门专业主干课程,实践性很强。其教学质量的高低与教学效果的好坏直接关系到师范生的语言文字能力和实际语言运用水平,进而也关系和影响到整个社会的语言文字应用水平,但现代汉语课的教学还存在着一定的弊端,有需要改进和提高之处。     

古希腊语言哲学思想

古希腊哲学家最早发现了用日常语言和诗性语言表达科学和哲学思想的困惑,因而出现了从口常语言、诗性语言到哲学语言和科学语言的发展历程。古希腊人有着丰富的语言哲学思想,试图探索人类理性以不同的思维方式、用不同的语言类型表达和把握不同的对象世界。他们尤其是对诗性语言和哲学语言的分析和探索,是现代语言哲学的一个盲区,它可以成为继科学语言哲学和日常语言哲学之后的现代语言哲学发展的重要理论资源。     

论小语种编目资料搜索需具备的三种能力——以韩文著者号资料搜索为例

以韩文著者号资料搜索为例,说明小语种编目工作所需的3种能力,即编目知识、外语能力、互联网应用技能。认为外语能力包括英语能力及小语种能力;在英语已经成为国际通用语言的情况下,很多小语种资料都可能会有英文网页,因此可用英语作为中间语种。在互联网搜索到相关知识。     

创新链视角下科技资源科普化的现实逻辑与实现路径

科技资源科普化是打通“科研—科普”链条、实现创新发展“两翼”齐飞的关键路径,其本质是通过整合和再开发科技资源,促使知识从在共同体内部流动转变为向全社会外溢,以提升全社会创新效率。近年来,我国陆续出台了一系列促进科研科普转化的政策,但落到具体实践仍面临诸多复杂问题。文章从创新链视角出发,对科技资源科普化开展全过程梳理,发现我国科技资源科普化的现实困境主要出现在机制设计、能力建设、转化路径和场景布局4个环节,并由此探讨科技资源科普化在我国的实现路径。     

语言研究与现代科学视野

长久以来,关于语言的产生和语言的本质,一直都是语言研究者们所关注和探索的问题。本文从历史发展的角度简述了人类对自身语言认识的不断发展。在早期的人类语言研究中,语言起源充满神秘色彩,语言只是研究其他人类精神财富的一种文字工具,还不能称之为真正的语言研究;到了近代,尤其是现代,新的科学技术使得人类对语言的研究产生了质的飞跃,语言研究趋于本体化。语言研究者们对人类大脑的语言机制、语言的起源以及语言习得等方面展开了大量的研究和实验,语言研究的理论和方法更为科学和理性,研究内容趋于语言本体,研究领域更具融合性,朝着认识人类自身的目标积极努力着。     

科研不端行为从团队至个人的传染机制研究

通过41个高校科研团队的176名博士生样本进行问卷调查,本文构建了一个科研不端行为从团队传染至个体的被调节的中介作用模型。结果发现：团队科研不端行为正向影响个体科研不端行为;团队科研不端行为正向影响第三人效果;第三人效果正向影响个体科研不端行为;第三人效果在团队科研不端行为与个体科研不端行为之间具有部分中介作用;默许沉默正向调节对第三人效果对个体科研不端行为的影响;默许沉默正向调节团队科研不端行为透过第三人效果影响个体科研不端行为的中介作用。最后,讨论了研究的理论贡献和实践启示。     

Transfer language selection for zero-shot cross-lingual abusive language detection

We study the selection of transfer languages for automatic abusive language detection. Instead of preparing a dataset for every language, we demonstrate the effectiveness of cross-lingual transfer learning for zero-shot abusive language detection. This way we can use existing data from higher-resource languages to build better detection systems for low-resource languages. Our datasets are from seven different languages from three language families. We measure the distance between the languages using several language similarity measures, especially by quantifying the World Atlas of Language Structures. We show that there is a correlation between linguistic similarity and classifier performance. This discovery allows us to choose an optimal transfer language for zero shot abusive language detection.     

信息管理与信息系统专业人才创新能力培养研究

随着计算机信息科学不断发展、信息社会逐渐成熟,信息管理与信息系统专业受到了极大挑战:课程设置宽泛多样,但学生实践与创新能力不足。大部分毕业生并未实现专业规划 "成为高级专门人才"的培养目标。本文从信管专业课程设置和知识结构入手,分析现有知识结构存在的问题,提出依托现有知识结构从专业实践环节解决问题并提高学生创新能力,包括独立实践环节和课程实践环节的设置与安排。     

大学英语教学中的跨文化教育之我见

随着社会的发展和对外交流的日益扩大,社会对英语人才的要求也变得更高。我们培养的人才要满足社会的需要,达到能够交际的目的,所以学生必须要具备较强的语言应用能力。不同文化背景造成人们说话方式或习惯不尽相同,所以来自不同国家背景的人们之间总是存在一定的交流障碍。     

高校英语专业二外法语教学探讨

在国际交流交往日益频繁的现代社会,外语成为必备的交流工具,多掌握一门外语就多了一门技能,就会在未来的工作、学习中更占据优势。特别对于英语专业学生,为了能够在激烈的市场竞争中获得优势地位,就要拥有更多的本领和技能,更多英语专业的大学生已经开始认识到学习和掌握第二门外语的重要性。然而,如何轻松、有效地学好第二门语言,是值得探究的话题。本文以二外法语作为探究对象,分析了高校英语专业二外法语的教学。     

“科技汉语”——理工科教学中的语言艺术

人都是用语言来进行思考的,因此,越是需要严谨推理分析判断的场合,语言运用水平的高低越是关键。而理工科恰恰需要人们进行严谨的思考和推理。因此,与很多人想象的相反,理工科的教学对于语言的要求,一点都不比文科低。按照我国的教育体系教学要求,在初中阶段就逐步出现了"科技汉语"的语言现象。在大学学习过程中,更是有相当比例的学生无法适应这种"科技汉语",导致学业的失败。该文以实际案例,说明理工科教师具有"科技汉语"意识的重要性,并提出了建议和措施。     

The market economy, and the scientific commons

In principle there is a clear divide between science and technology. In practice there isn’t. In principle, while practical inventions can be patented, scientific findings can’t be. In practice, increasingly scientific findings are being patented. The argument of this paper is that this is bad for the advance of science and for the advance of technology. However, because of the blurry lines, it will not be easy to deal with. The paper lays out a strategy that at least has some promise.     

Influence of social conversational features on language identification in highly multilingual online conversations

With the explosion of multilingual content on Web, particularly in social media platforms, identification of languages present in the text is becoming an important task for various applications. While automatic language identification (ALI) in social media text is considered to be a non-trivial task due to the presence of slang words, misspellings, creative spellings and special elements such as hashtags, user mentions etc., ALI in multilingual environment becomes even more challenging task. In a highly multilingual society, code-mixing without affecting the underlying language sense has become a natural phenomenon. In such a dynamic environment, conversational text alone often fails to identify the underlying languages present in the text. This paper proposes various methods of exploiting social conversational features for enhancing ALI performance. Although social conversational features for ALI have been explored previously using methods like probabilistic language modeling, these models often fail to address issues related to code-mixing, phonetic typing, out-of-vocabulary etc. which are prevalent in a highly multilingual environment. This paper differs in the way the social conversational features are used to propose text refinement strategies that are suitable for ALI in highly multilingual environment. The contributions in this paper therefore includes the following. First, this paper analyzes the characteristics of various social conversational features by exploiting language usage patterns. Second, various methods of text refinement suitable for language identification are proposed. Third, the effects of the proposed refinement methods are investigated using various sentence level language identification frameworks. From various experimental observations over three conversational datasets collected from Facebook, Youtube and Twitter social media platforms, it is evident that our proposed method of ALI using social conversational features outperforms the baseline counterparts.     

应用型外语人才培养与俄语翻译课程改革探析

当今,经济全球化进程不断加快,国际问的交流与合作日益扩大．国家和社会对外语人才的需求向多元化趋势发展。外语服务型人才已经无法满足社会的需要,时代需要复合应用型的外语人才。翻译课程作为教学的重要组成部分,其教学方法的创新,对应用型人才培养具有重要意义。     

C语言课程教学改革研究

C语言课程是培养高校学生的思维能力、实践能力和信息化素养的科学文化基础课程,深化C语言课程教学改革,提高实践能力和创新能力是提高教学质量达到教学目标的重要途径。本文在分析学生基础、教学方法、实践教学和考核机制等C语言课程教学现状和存在问题的基础上,从教师队伍建设、课程改革、教材建设、实践教学设计和考核机制等五个方面对C语言课程的教学改革进行了阐述。     

Zero-shot cross-lingual transfer language selection using linguistic similarity

We study the selection of transfer languages for different Natural Language Processing tasks, specifically sentiment analysis, named entity recognition and dependency parsing. In order to select an optimal transfer language, we propose to utilize different linguistic similarity metrics to measure the distance between languages and make the choice of transfer language based on this information instead of relying on intuition. We demonstrate that linguistic similarity correlates with cross-lingual transfer performance for all of the proposed tasks. We also show that there is a statistically significant difference in choosing the optimal language as the transfer source instead of English. This allows us to select a more suitable transfer language which can be used to better leverage knowledge from high-resource languages in order to improve the performance of language applications lacking data. For the study, we used datasets from eight different languages from three language families.     

Building parallel corpora by automatic title alignment using length-based and text-based approaches

Cross-lingual semantic interoperability has drawn significant attention in recent digital library and World Wide Web research as the information in languages other than English has grown exponentially. Cross-lingual information retrieval (CLIR) across different European languages, such as English, Spanish, and French, has been widely explored; however, CLIR across European languages and Oriental languages is still in the initial stage. To cross language boundary, corpus-based approach is promising to overcome the limitation of the knowledge-based and controlled vocabulary approaches but collecting parallel corpora between European language and Oriental language is not an easy task. Length-based and text-based approaches are two major approaches to align parallel documents. In this paper, we investigate several techniques using these approaches and compare their performances in aligning English and Chinese titles of parallel documents available on the Web.