重炮手利斯基

在女子网坛,“重炮手”曾经是贴在威廉姆斯姐妹身上的专属标签,如今,最快发球速度这一荣誉已经归属另一位球员：她就是德国重炮手利斯基。     

狂妄张亚东

超级自信都说运动员的脾气和他或她的教练一样。蛙后罗雪娟已经加冕了奥运会和世锦赛的桂冠,她的性格标签不少:自信、霸气、心直口快、说话语不惊人誓不休……而“幕后英雄”张亚东其实也是如此的性格,只是他从来都很低调,不肯承认自己的“野心”。在雅典奥运会开赛之前,罗雪娟的女子100米蛙泳夺冠形势异常严峻:澳大利亚琼斯和美国名将阿曼达先后改写了200米蛙泳的世界纪录,前者正是罗雪娟     

社会传染病──NBA的私生子

1997年11月7日,上午9点20分,也就是纽约尼克斯队和洛杉研湖人队比赛的前几个小时,拉里·约翰逊来到“狭长海岸基因诊所”（位于加里福尼亚）。他穿着尼克斯队的练习队服,从那辆黑色加长的豪华轿车中钻出来,缓慢地步人诊所。在那里有六个人在等着他：劳拉·塔特,28岁,来自洛杉矾的一名时装模特,她已经和约翰逊打了十五个月的官司;劳拉的父亲丹尼斯是她的律师;一个只有三个月大名字叫泰勒·塔特·约翰逊的女婴,此刻安静地躺在劳拉的怀里,泰勒从诞生之日起就被一种难堪不安的气氛包围着。在诊所的实验室里,一名工作人员正在准备做…     

一枚少见的纸包挂号标签实寄封

翻开我的实寄封邮册,里面有一枚十分特殊的实寄封。这是一件挂号信封,1989年11月29日由湖南长沙市2支局寄往北京。封上并没贴邮票,而是贴了一枚用绿色油墨印制的集号码、地名、重量、邮资为一体的“纸包挂号标签”。寄达地、重量、邮资均为手写。这种标签属于何种邮品?查有关资料并无答案。记得当时笔者是从长沙市集邮公司函购了几套十大元帅和十大将军明信片,难道是“印刷品”挂号?为什么不贴邮票和加盖“印刷品”副戳呢?还望知情者指点迷津。     

阿曼达·比尔德:泳坛中的美人鱼

阿曼达·比尔德,游泳运动员,1981年10月29日出生于美国加利福利亚洲。参加过三次奥运会的美国蛙泳名将阿曼达·比尔德号称泳坛性感的代名词。她拥有一张迷人的脸以及如模特般完美的身材。     

＇2006浮标望闻问切（上）

这是一个有趣的现象——一边是浮标理论的“春秋时代”，评说分纭：一边是浮标的品牌大战，制造业进入“战国时代”。在各种科学名词成了标签，到处乱贴以及制造业用不同理念．钓鱼人用不同感受解释浮标而冲突不断的时候。“混乱”在所难免。     

向左走,向右走

一个向左,一个向右,结果一定是错过码,其实未必,一个向左,一个向右,结果也可能是相遇,握一握手。这两个人,托蒂和舍甫琴科,一个是罗马城的旗帜,贵为“王子”,一个是米兰城的骄傲,被贴上了“非卖品”的标签。他们拥有不同的国籍,在联赛中更是各为其主的竞争对手,但他们都以精湛的球技被万众瞩目,而且都有     

沃兹尼亚奇:追忆似“水”年华

女孩天生是“水做的”,对于沃兹尼亚奇这样一位“出道即巅峰”的天才球员而言,其传奇曼妙的人生似乎就更是如此——无论是“沃”兹的中文译名、“波”兰三姐妹的赛场情谊,还是利物“浦”铁杆球迷的为人乐道以及历经波折、终于圆梦“澳”网的巅峰壮举……这一个个独一无二又闪闪发亮的标签,共同构成了她那些精彩而华丽的水形物语。     

信封上不必贴两种挂号签条

《为什么贴两种挂号签条？》一解释了“128条形码”由分拣中心所加，但没有交代为什么要加贴这枚签条（参见050346）。按《国内邮件处理规则》，窗口营业员收寄挂号信时在信封正面贴用“邮1101”条形码标签或计算机打印的条形码标签，并将相关收据交收件人。分拣中心根据计算机网络汇总的挂号信数据进行抽样，稽查，核对，并随机打印相关的“128条形码”粘贴在相关单式上，由于这项操作没有严格的具体规定，有人就随意地贴在信封上，形成贴两种条形码标签的挂号信。     

一套宿松河塌图案式邮政附加费挂号实寄封

最近,笔者收藏到一套宿松河塌图案式邮政附加费的全套挂号实寄封,非常罕见。其中一枚封销“安徽宿松／1993．6．15．8／246512”日戳,贴“挂079宿松河塌”标签（图1）,其余三枚封销“安徽宿松／1993．8．16．8／246512”日戳,分别贴“挂311（549、674）宿松河塌”标签（图2、3、4）,而且在每个信封中均有对应序号的挂号收据（图5）。这套封的出现,也无可辩驳地否定了“宿松河塌图案式邮政附加费无挂号实寄封”的说法。     

Carbohydrate ingestion improves endurance performance during a 1h simulated cycling time trial

This study examined the effect of carbohydrate ingestion on metabolic and performance-related responses during and after a simulated 1h cycling time trial. Eight trained male cyclists (VO 2 peak = 66.5ml kg -1 min -1 ) rode their own bicycles mounted on a windload simulator to imitate real riding conditions. At a self-selected maximal pace, the cyclists performed two 1h rides (separated by 7 days) and were fed either an 8% carbohydrate or placebo solution. The beverages were administered 25 min before (4.5ml kg -1 ) and at the end (4.5ml kg -1 ) of the ride. With carbohydrate feeding, plasma glucose tended (P = 0.21) to rise before the time trial. Compared with rest, the plasma glucose concentration decreased significantly (P < 0.05) at the end of both rides, with no statistically significant difference being observed between treatments. Thereafter, plasma glucose increased significantly (P < 0.05) at 15 and 30 min into recovery, and was significantly higher at 30 min during the carbohydrate trial compared with the placebo trial. No significant changes in plasma free fatty acids were observed during the ride. However, a significant increase (P < 0.05) in free fatty acids was found at 15 and 30 min into recovery, with no difference between trials. Mean power output was significantly (P < 0.05) greater during the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (mean - S.E.: 277-3 and 269-3W, respectively). The greater distance covered in the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (41.5-1.06 and 41.0–1.06km, respectively; P < 0.05) was equivalent to a 44s improvement. We conclude that pre-exercise carbohydrate ingestion significantly increases endurance performance in trained cyclists during a 1h simulated time trial. Although the mechanism for this enhancement in performance with carbohydrate ingestion cannot be surmised from the present results, it could be related to a higher rate of carbohydrate oxidation, or to favourable effects of carbohydrate ingestion on the central component of fatigue.     

Science and medicine of rowing: A review

The biology and medicine of rowing are briefly reviewed. Effort in a 2000 -m race is about 70% aerobic. Because the boat (and in some instances a cox) must be propelled, successful competitors are very tall, with a large lean mass and aerobic power. Large hearts may lead to erroneous diagnoses of a cardiomyopathy. Large respiratory minute volumes must be developed by chest muscles that are also involved in rowing. The vital capacity is typically large, and breathing becomes entrained. Expiration cannot be slowed relative to inspiration (as normally occurs at high rates of ventilation) and the limiting flow velocity may be reached, with the potential for airway collapse. Performance is strongly related to the power output at the ‘anaerobic threshold’, and lactate measures provide a guide to an appropriate intensity of endurance training. Peak blood lactate levels are higher in males (commonly 11–19 mmol·l -1 and occasionally as high as 25 mmol·l -1) than in females (9–11 mmol·l -1), probably because males have a greater muscle mass in relation to blood volume. The skeletal muscles are predominantly slow twitch in type, developing an unusual force and power at low contraction velocities. Many rowers have a suboptimal diet, eating excessive amounts of fat. Lightweight rowers also have problems of weight cycling. Aerobic power and muscle endurance often change by 10% over the season, but such fluctuations can be largely avoided by a well-designed winter training programme. Injuries include back and knee problems, tenosynovitis of the wrist and, since the introduction of large blades, fractures of the costae.     

我国体育市场管理法规研究

采用调查法和比较法对全国体育市场立法和管理现状进行调查,对部分较早出台并有一定代表性的省市的体育市场管理法规的立法和管理情况进行了研究,提出了体育市场管理立法和管理的原则、基本程序、措施及其一般模式,为规范全国体育市场管理提供参考依据。     

重新认识体育的社会关联

体育与政治之间存在一个悖论，体育的发展与经济实力之间没有直线相关，体育与教育部分重叠，体育与宗教最为近缘，体育可借用科学手段，体育的艺术禀性日益明显，体育与养生反映着两种人生观。     

上海社区体育竞赛参与者的特点探析

本文在专家访谈、问卷调查、数理统计和文献资料分析的基础上,探析了上海社区体育竞赛参与者的特点、参与者对社区体育赛事运作管理的看法等问题。在此基础上从引进社区体育赛事的志愿者、整合社区体育赛事的各种资源、开发社区体育竞赛的无形资产、组建非营利性的专业团队、规范社区体育赛事的服务管理等方面提出了进一步满足上海社区居民日益增长的体育竞赛参赛需求的对策与措施。     

对全面把握游泳训练环节的探讨

从系统观点出发,结合训练实践,对全面把握游泳训练环节进行探讨。认为应强化非智力因素在运动员多年训练中的作用,在育材全过程中不断选材,从整体上把握动态训练的全过程,把培养高水平运动员的整个过程置于一个严格的科学控制之下。     

我国优秀游泳运动员出发技术辅助训练的研究

为改进我国优秀游泳运动员的出发技术,采用观测和实验方法,通过拍摄运动员陆上和水下出发技术录像以及出发计时,对出发技术进行运动生物力学诊断和分析。在此基础上,根据运动员自身特点和不同泳姿提出相应的入水启动方式,并研制出发训练辅助器材,对出发预备姿势、腾起角度以及飞行远度和入水角进行控制。实践证明:这是一种快捷、有效的出发技术辅助训练方法。     

运动性呼吸肌疲劳与耐力性项目的运动能力

影响和限制耐力性运动项目的成绩的生理因素是复杂的和多方面的,取决于训练的强度和运动成绩.大强度持续性运动可导致呼吸肌疲劳.运动性呼吸疲劳可能在决定运动耐量方面起到关键的作用：一方面通过直接影响运动肌力量的生成（外周疲劳）,另一方面,通过肢体用力自感不安反馈引起工作肌运动单位输出功率下降（中枢疲劳）.对呼吸肌进行训练,可能有助于提高耐力性项目的运动成绩.     

青少年业余足球运动员运动倾向性5因素结构模型初探

根据Scanlan等人最新提出的运动倾向性理论模型,结合我国实际情况建立了青少年足球运动员运动倾向性5因素结构模型。运动倾向性被定义为:渴望和决心继续参加足球运动的心理状态。所建立的5因素结构模型认为,运动倾向性是由运动乐趣、参与选择、个人投入、社会约束及参与机会5个因素决定。经确定5个决定因素和运动倾向性的操作定义,编制了相应调查问卷,通过对北京市252名青少年足球运动员实测结果,建立运动倾向性及其影响因素的协方差结构模型,用Lisre 18分析的结果表明:该运动倾向性模型比较符合北京青少年足球运动员。其中运动乐趣、个人投入、参与机会和参与选择4因素对运动倾向性有影响;社会约束对运动倾向性影响不大。     

Effect of 6 weeks of endurance training on the lactate minimum speed

The aim of this study was to assess the sensitivity of the lactate minimum speed test to changes in endurance fitness resulting from a 6 week training intervention. Sixteen participants (mean +/- s :age 23 +/- 4 years;body mass 69.7 +/- 9.1 kg) completed 6 weeks of endurance training. Another eight participants (age 23 +/- 4 years; body mass 72.7 +/-12.5 kg) acted as non-training controls. Before and after the training intervention, all participants completed: (1) a standard multi-stage treadmill test for the assessment of VO 2max , running speed at the lactate threshold and running speed at a reference blood lactate concentration of 3 mmol.l -1 ; and (2) the lactate minimum speed test, which involved two supramaximal exercise bouts and an 8 min walking recovery period to increase blood lactate concentration before the completion of an incremental treadmill test. Additionally, a subgroup of eight participants from the training intervention completed a series of constant-speed runs for determination of running speed at the maximal lactate steady state. The test protocols were identical before and after the 6 week intervention. The control group showed no significant changes in VO 2max , running speed at the lactate threshold, running speed at a blood lactate concentration of 3 mmol.l -1 or the lactate minimum speed.In the training group, there was a significant increase in VO 2max (from 47.9 +/- 8.4 to 52.2 +/- 2.7 ml.kg -1 .min -1 ), running speed at the maximal lactate steady state (from 13.3 +/- 1.7 to 13.9 +/- 1.6 km.h -1 ), running speed at the lactate threshold (from 11.2 +/- 1.8 to 11.9 +/- 1.8 km.h -1 ) and running speed at a blood lactate concentration of 3 mmol.l -1 (from 12.5 +/- 2.2 to 13.2 +/- 2.1 km.h -1 ) (all P ? 0.05). Despite these clear improvements in aerobic fitness, there was no significant difference in lactate minimum speed after the training intervention (from 11.0 +/- 0.7 to 10.9 +/- 1.7 km.h -1 ). The results demonstrate that the lactate minimum speed,when assessed using the same exercise protocol before and after 6 weeks of aerobic exercise training, is not sensitive to changes in endurance capacity.