出国留学风险评估模型的构建与应用——基于英美两国的评价

留学风险评估工具是当前营造安全留学环境、推动留学发展的重要支撑,也是国家教育对外开放战略的重要保障。本研究基于感知风险理论,在德尔菲法基础上搭建了出国留学风险评价指标体系,将留学风险分为安全类风险和教育类风险;依据层次分析法,构建了出国留学风险评估模型,并以模糊综合评价法对留学目的地进行风险等级评估;以美国和英国两个留学目的国为案例进行实证研究,验证了出国留学风险评估模型的可行性和应用性。为合理评估留学风险,保障留学教育质量,我国要增强留学生风险识别意识,开展留学安全教育;建立风险预警模型,全面进行风险评估;完善风险管理路径,搭建社会支持系统。     

来华留学本科教育质量评价体系的构建

来华留学教育质量评价工作既是保障来华留学教育质量的关键，也是新发展格局下推进来华留学教育发展的路径之一。对28所高校的深入访谈文本进行扎根理论分析，发现影响来华留学本科教育质量的因素涉及个体、课堂、学校、系统等四大维度，形成相互调节、内外联动的影响机制。以该影响因素模型和CIPP评价模式为依据，构建来华留学本科教育质量评价指标体系的初步框架，提出以影响因素监测改进为中心的来华留学本科教育质量提升路径，建议围绕学生发展、课程建设、学校投入与管理、外部环境等方面完善来华留学本科教育质量的保障与评估机制。     

来华留学质量认证院校自评组织与实施——国外高等院校质量评估模式的启示

来华留学生教育质量保证日益成为社会关注的焦点。"提质增效",提升来华留学教育质量和层次,已成为我国来华留学培养高校和教育主管部门当前亟待解决的重要课题。中国教育国际交流协会受教育部委托,作为第三方机构在全国高校开展来华留学教育质量评估工作,而高等院校作为办学主体,院校自评无疑是做好评估工作的重要环节。     

来华留学教育研究述评

改革开放以来,来华留学教育在我国得到了长足发展,理论研究和实践都受到普遍的关注。文章对留学,来华留学和来华留学教育的几个概念进行了界定,并对近年来学者对来华留学教育的研究状况加以综述与评析,以期对今后的研究有所帮助并更好地指导来华留学教育工作的实践。     

陶行知的教育评估理论与实践

陶行知,中国近代史上最伟大的人民教育家,曾远渡重洋赴美国留学教育。在哥伦比亚大学师范学院主攻教育的这段经历,使他得以亲聆杜威等众多大师的教诲,熟悉国际教育学科发展的最新动向。1917年学成归国以后,陶行知运用他所掌握的最新的西方教育理论积极地投身到改造中国的教育实践中去,并进一步形成和发展了他的生活教育理论体系。其教育评估理论,     

国际留学教育与人才论

回顾国际留学教育历史,其中人才流动的特点昭然而示,即个人行为的文化交流.随着国际留学教育发展,里程碑上刻画的竞争色彩越来越浓,其中人才竞争尤为突出.根据国际留学教育"推拉"理论,中国留学人才流动也应一分为二地加以分析和判断.中国留学人才发挥的作用是无与伦比的.     

中国留学教育发展的理论背景

国家留学基金管理委员会成立十年来,在促进我国留学教育制度化、法制化,推动我国留学教育健康、快速发展方面做了大量工作,取得了丰硕成果。留学基金委成立的十年也正是我国和整个世界迅速跨入日益全球化和国际化的时期。在这样的时期,留学教育的重要性也更加突显。但如何认识、解释这种重要性,尤其是我国作为一个发展中的大国,为什么一定要加快发展留学教育,它有哪些理论上的依据或合理性?我认为至少有以下六大理论:     

国际化战略视域下的清末留学教育

清末留学教育是在中国封建王朝走向末路的历史境遇下,由清政府主导进行的学习西方的留学教育,是中国现代留学教育的开端。清末留学教育对于中国近现代的教育、政治、人才培养和科学文化观念的变革都具有重要意义,但也存在缺少统筹规划和符合时代发展的留学教育理念的历史局限,留学生的知识层次也普遍较低。从国际化战略视域下进行考察,在信息化和全球化快速发展的今天,清末留学教育对于当代中国留学教育仍有启示,在文化自信的基础上积极发展双向留学教育是当代留学教育发展的方向。     

“一带一路”倡议对来华留学的影响效应评估——兼论来华留学生教育高质量发展

定量评估“一带一路”倡议对国际学生来华留学的影响,对推动我国来华留学生教育高质量发展具有重要意义。基于2008—2018年183个国家的面板数据,本研究利用双重差分法实证检验了“一带一路”倡议对来华留学的影响效应。结果显示,“一带一路”倡议对来华留学具有显著的促进效应,来华留学生总体增长幅度在5.7%~7.7%;内在机制是通过民心相通效应和人才需求效应发挥促进作用;对不同类型国家或地区来华留学的影响效应具有差异性,且教育质量发挥着重要作用。为更好地推动来华留学生教育高质量发展,我国应理性看待“一带一路”倡议对来华留学的促进作用,树立正确的价值导向;加强来华留学生教育差异化发展战略规划的制定和优化,建立多元主体协同机制;提高资源整合利用能力,依靠优势特色学科引领,打造“留学中国”品牌。     

来华留学研究生教育若干问题探讨

针对现阶段我国来华留学研究生的特点，应重视来华留学研究生教育过程的合理设计，建立适合来华留学研究生教育特点和规律的培养模式和管理模式，加强师资队伍建设，突出和加强来华留学研究生教育的国际化进程，确保来华留学研究生教育质量。     

Career Outcomes of STEM and Non-STEM College Graduates: Persistence in Majored-Field and Influential Factors in Career Choices

Using data from a nationally representative, longitudinal survey of college graduates, this study examines student transition from college to their chosen career paths and identifies factors influencing college graduates’ choosing an occupation related to ones’ undergraduate major. Within the context of expanded econometric framework a wide range of variables are considered, including monetary and nonmonetary costs and benefits as well as cultural and social capital measures. Using multinomial logit regression analyses, the results suggest positive career outcomes associated with individuals who have an occupation closely related to their college major, such as a better income profile and greater job satisfaction. Major-based differences are also examined between STEM and non-STEM graduates, and patterns of changes are documented for 10 years after graduation. An important perspective offered by this study is to consider career outcome as an extended definition of institutional effectiveness and student success. Based on the empirical findings, policy implications are discussed with the hope of bringing attention and improvement to the relationship between the higher educational system and the labor market.     

网络教育投资收益的比较分析

本文根据国外几份关于开设网络课程的学校的调查，对开设网络教育课程的经济收益、非经济收益以及存在的问题和障碍等进行了比较分析，指出管理者不仅要注意开发、播送网络课程、开设网络教育专业所需要的费用，更应关注网络教学对本机构尤其是对学生的潜在的绩效和价值。     

Economics of education: A research agenda

The paper presents a systematic taxonomy of research areas in the economics of education and gives a number of key topics that deserve more research attention in the future. Emphasis is put on documenting the unit cost of education at different schooling levels and curriculum types, along with the learning and earning outcomes of education. Evidence on the costs and benefits, from both the private and the social point of view, can lead to efficiency and equity assessments of an educational system. Among topics where the research effort should be intensified are the screening hypothesis, measuring education externalities and the quality of schooling.     

The Costs and Benefits of Early Sport Specialization: A Critical Review of Literature

ABSTRACT

There is a growing trend toward specialization in American youth sport, evident in the number of elite youth competitions and position statements from major medical organizations. Despite growing interest on this topic for kinesiology professionals within higher education, there is a dearth in research regarding the relationship between specialization and athlete health outcomes, especially psychosocial outcomes. This critical review describes specialization theory and the limited extant research on the costs and benefits of single-sport specialization. Topics include: (a) the proposed benefits of specialization from the performance perspective; (b) early specialization and alternative sport participation pathways; (c) the posited psychosocial and physical health risks of sport specialization; (d) ethical concerns; and (e) methodological issues and recommendations for future research. Deeper understanding of the costs and benefits of sport specialization has significant practical implications for youth athletes’ performance and well-being and for other relevant stakeholders in the youth sport system.     

Cultural capital and habitus in context: the importance of high school college-going culture

While an extensive body of research has examined the role of cultural capital in reproducing social class inequality in educational outcomes, the role of habitus and school context has received less attention in quantitative studies. We attend to this gap in the literature by considering the relationship between cultural capital, habitus, and the transition into higher education across high schools with low and high college-going cultures in the United States. Findings indicate that the relationship between cultural capital and transition into higher education is context specific and manifested only in schools with a high college-going culture. In addition, students from less advantaged family backgrounds benefit more from cultural capital than their more advantaged counterparts, but this is the case primarily in schools with a high college-going culture. Habitus, however, is related to the transition into higher education regardless of the high school context and benefits all students equally.     

县(区)域内城乡义务教育学校标准化建设风险预警机制研究——基于西部A省Y县的调研

义务教育学校标准化建设是我国为缩小城乡教育差距,促进教育公平,推进义务教育均衡发展的重要举措。本文基于风险预警理论和同心圆系统分析框架,将人、财、物列为三个主要风险源,构建了县(区)域内义务教育学校标准化建设的风险评估指标体系;并对西部A省Y县的实地调研数据进行了实证分析,验证了风险评估指标体系的合理性和风险预警机制的有效性;还对国家和省级两个层面的风险预警机制提出了研究方向,以期为我国构建城乡一体化义务教育发展机制提供参考。     

Synergizing geriatric research and education in an allied health profession with an older adult community advisory board: development and process outcomes

ABSTRACT

Community advisory boards (CABs) have been used to improve research outcomes involving specific communities and populations, including older adults. There is potential to synergize the use of CABs to encompass both research activities and the education of healthcare professionals to help meet increasing demands for a geriatric healthcare workforce in aging populations worldwide. We describe the development and process outcomes of a CAB that synergizes geriatric research and education of students in an allied health profession (occupational therapy). Implementation costs from June 2017–June 2019 were recorded. In-depth interviews were conducted with CAB participants, who were community-dwelling older adults living in St. Louis, Missouri, United States. Interview data were analyzed using a constant comparison method based on a grounded theory approach. Themes were derived regarding barriers, facilitators, and benefits of CAB participation for older adults. Fourteen older adults (aged 65 and over) were initially recruited. The total direct cost of CAB implementation was 4050 United States Dollars over two years. Barriers to CAB participation for older adults included unexpected schedule conflicts due to illness and lack of understanding of the research process, while facilitators included accessible meeting spaces, staff support, flexible participation options, and financial support (e.g., transportation). Perceived benefits of CAB participation included gains in social capital, more positive views of research, and social connectedness. Key lessons learned are described and can be used to inform a novel approach to developing and implementing CABs to improve outcomes of geriatric research and education.     

新形势下大学教育学院的功能

我国的教师教育制度、形式、体系正发生深刻的变化,大学教育学院的功能定位关系到开放的教师教育体系的健康发展。民国时期大学教育(师范)学院功能是:培养多方面的教育人才(学科教师、教育科教师,教育研究人员、教育行政人员);承担教育研究和服务地方教育。发达国家和地区大学教育学院的功能主要是:培养中小学教师;学术研究和传递;社会服务。当前我国大学教育学院的功能应该是:直接培养学科教师和社会需要的各种教育人才;繁荣和深化教育科研;加强社会服务。     

Human capital linkages to labour productivity: implications from Thai manufacturers

Human capital investment is a necessary condition for improving labour market outcomes in most countries. Empirical studies to investigate human capital and its linkages on the labour demand side are, however, relatively scarce due to limitations of firm-level data-sets. Using firm-level data from the Thai manufacturing sector, this paper aims to investigate the effects of skill and human capital on labour productivity. Costs and benefits of human capital improvement are compared indicating that hiring workers who have higher education as well as providing them with in-service training has a statistically and significantly positive impact on an increase in labour productivity. However, hiring workers who have higher education yields less benefit than costs which come from higher average wage expenditures. However, providing training should contribute more benefit than cost. Besides education and training measures, we also measure workers’ skill levels into cognitive skills and non-cognitive skills and find that skill in information technology is found to be the most important cognitive skill for increasing labour productivity among Thai manufacturers. Non-cognitive skills such as those in leadership, time-management and communication are also important and seem to have positive relationship to labour productivity among Thai manufacturers.     

Age is more than just a number! The role of age and maturity in the processes leading to early school leaving in Flanders (Belgium)

In many educational systems, age is used as a criterion to organise education. Children's age is used to group students together and indicate entry into particular programmes. The use of age for organisational purposes in education stems from the idea that age provides an indication of the development of children, which is associated with teaching and learning. However, more far‐reaching consequences of age‐related educational practices are insufficiently recognised in policy and academic research. Qualitative methods are used to study students and school personnel in diverse types of educational institutions in Flanders (Belgium) to assess how age and age‐related issues matter for the students’ educational trajectories and educational decision‐making processes leading to early school leaving. Data analyses reveal that school staff members consider age and perceived maturity during evaluation procedures. Students also consider age during educational decision‐making processes: when getting older or being too old for the grade, students increasingly weigh the costs and benefits associated with getting an educational qualification and being enrolled in school and alternative opportunities. Students’ expectations related to age shape their school experiences and feelings of belonging. The findings of this study demonstrate how these educational practices add to the reproduction of inequalities through education. These results could inform debates concerning the evaluation procedures in secondary education, compulsory education and the reduction of early school leaving in Europe.