共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 312 毫秒
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《科学与管理》2015,(4):55-62
1965年12月,休伯特·德雷福斯以兰德公司顾问的身份,发表了编号为P-3244的《人工智能与炼金术》的研究报告,对兰德公司本身主导的人工智能(以下简称AI)研究提出了重大理论挑战,1972年德雷福斯以该报告为基础出版了《计算机不能做什么——人工智能的极限》,该书与1966年美国国家科学院的ALPAC报告,1973年英国科学研究理事会的Light Hill报告一起,标志着AI发展历史上的第一次冬天,即使经历了上世纪80年代由于专家系统兴起的AI再次繁荣,以及90年代初AI的第二次冬天,AI的研究纲领已经变化甚多,但德雷福斯仍然坚持其基本观点,对隐含在AI研究纲领中的关于人类认知和问题解决能力的深层假设,从现象学和海德格尔哲学为核心的大陆哲学立场出发,始终进行批判性地思考和分析,无论AI科学家共同体对其观点是否认同,德雷福斯这些深刻的哲学思考,客观上推动了从AI研究早期基于知识主义、符号主义强纲领的盲目乐观,到目前对实现人类级别智能的智能机器建造的审慎态度,以及更加丰富的研究进路的转变。 相似文献
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人工智能(AI)是研究使计算机来模拟人的某些思维过程和智能行为的学科,是二十一世纪三大尖端技术之一。AI未来的发展必将越来越广泛,越来越深入,越来越快地向着人类智能的方向逼近。伴随着人工智能和智能机器人的发展,为人类文化生活提供了新的模式。 相似文献
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以智能化科研(AI for Science)为核心的第五科研范式已经在多个自然科学和高技术领域得到了广泛应用。与人工智能(AI)在自然科学领域的应用强调发现新原理、新机理和新规律不同,高技术领域更强调用AI技术来发明创造新方案、新工具和新产品,以解决特定的领域问题。文章总结了AI在高技术领域的应用——“技术智能”(AI for Technology)的典型特征和科学问题,并以CPU芯片全自动设计为例介绍过往的成功案例。最后,文章指出技术智能的目标不仅是加速创新流程并减少人工投入,同时也希望其具备更强的创造能力,最终超过人类的水平。 相似文献
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智能技术的本质和目标是什么?智能科学的本源和任务是什么?智能产业对现代社会和未来人类发展的影响和意义又是什么?文章从"AlphaGo命题"出发,围绕上述问题和波普尔"三个世界"的理念,讨论人工智能和平行智能的起源与趋势,提出智能科学哲学的新体系——平行哲学,将哲学的"存在"(being)与"变化"(becoming)扩展到"相信"(believing),并对相应的描述性、预测性和引导性知识的体系进行研究。 相似文献
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“人工智能”(Artificial Intelli—gence,简记为AI)是20世纪50年代中期兴起的一门新兴边缘科学,它既是计算机科学的一个分支,又是计算机科学、控制论、信息论、语言学、神经生理学、心理学、数学、哲学等多种学科相互渗透而发展起来的综合性学科。人工智能又称为智能模拟,是用计算机系统模仿人类的感知、思维、推理等思维活动。它研究和应用 相似文献
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There is an exponential growth of the use of AI applications in organisations. Due to the machine learning capability of artificial intelligence (AI) applications, it is critical that such systems are used continuously in order to generate rich use data that allow them to learn, evolve and mature into a better fit for their user and organisational context. This research focuses on the actual use of conversational AI, in particular AI chatbot, as one type of workplace AI application to answer the research question: how do employees experience the use of an AI chatbot in their day-to-day work? Through a qualitative case study of a large international organisation and by performing an inductive analysis, the research uncovers the different ways in which users appropriate the AI chatbot and identifies two key dimensions that determine their type of use: the dominant mode of interaction and the understanding of the AI chatbot technology. Based on these dimensions, a taxonomy of users is presented, which classifies users of AI chatbots into four types: early quitters, pragmatics, progressives, and persistents. The findings contribute to the understanding of how conversational AI, particularly AI chatbots, is used in organisations and pave the way for further research in this regard. The implications for practice are also discussed. 相似文献
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游戏的人工智能研究是人工智能的主要研究领域之一,它涉及人工智能中的搜索算法和决策规划等。介绍了一款"拼石头"游戏,它是第18届日本全国高专编程竞赛竞技组的竞赛题目。针对此游戏规则,给出了参赛程序中使用的制胜策略、搜索算法以及决策规划方法等,最后分析了程序存在的不足并提出了改进思路。 相似文献
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Artificial intelligence (AI) is playing a key supporting role in the fight against COVID-19 and perhaps will contribute to solutions quicker than we would otherwise achieve in many fields and applications. Since the outbreak of the pandemic, there has been an upsurge in the exploration and use of AI, and other data analytic tools, in a multitude of areas. This paper addresses some of the many considerations for managing the development and deployment of AI applications, including planning; unpredictable, unexpected, or biased results; repurposing; the importance of data; and diversity in AI team membership. We provide implications for research and for practice, according to each of the considerations. Finally we conclude that we need to plan and carefully consider the issues associated with the development and use of AI as we look for quick solutions. 相似文献
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数字经济背景下,人工智能(AI)技术的应用正在深入地影响着企业管理变革、业务边界的扩展和管理模式的改变。结合互补资产的观点和组织学习理论,本文提出了一个基于AI应用能力和AI管理能力的分析框架,强调人工智能与人类智慧结合的必要性,阐述了两种能力的功能和作用及其协同对企业效率和创新成本的影响。本文提出,企业必须具备管理AI的能力才能有效应对大数据、数字技术、AI的不断革新及技术带来的组织内部结构和外部环境变化以及风险;企业AI应用与管理能力的有效结合,有利于控制AI应用带来的成本和风险,增强企业在人工人力、协调沟通、和数据搜寻方面的效率,同时降低AI应用带来的数字基建、道德情感、数据安全、组织结构变革方面的成本,进而促进企业的组织学习、对内外部数字技术使能资源的获取和管理以及互补资产的形成,对企业创新绩效发挥正向作用。最后,本文为企业的数字化创新战略提供了新的发展思路。 相似文献
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基于深度学习算法的进步,人工智能逐渐有能力独立进行发明创造和文艺作品创作。本文主要探讨现行专利及著作权制度中规定的保护对象、权利人资格、专利及著作权的权属、侵权判定、侵权责任主体等对人工智能技术快速发展的适应及协调程度,研究指出:现有的专利和版权制度应当对人工智能的发明和作品持鼓励的态度,在排除不适宜作为专利或著作权保护对象的同时,人工智能的发明或作品的权利授予标准应当与人类的有所区分;相关权利人仍须对应自然人或法人,而非人工智能本身;相关专利侵权行为应包括间接侵权,同时应对人工智能作品安排“登记-授权”的著作权制度、参考临摹作品为人工智能绘画作品提供相应的授权使用制度等。本文还探讨了当前的专利法及著作权法在人工智能时代符合公平原则的程度,并提出解决方案:在“强人工智能时代”将人工智能的发明创造或作品作为公共财产,授予相应的开发者“数据处理权”作为一种新的邻接权,赋予人工智能创造物新的特别权利(Sui Generis),修改专利法与著作权法中关于主要权利的相关规定等。 相似文献
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《Research Policy》2023,52(2):104661
Using patent data for a panel sample of European companies between 1995 and 2016 we explore whether the inventive success in Artificial Intelligence (AI) is related to earlier firms’ innovation in the area of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), and identify which company characteristics and external factors shape this performance. We show that AI innovation presents strong dynamic returns (learning effects) and benefits from complementaries with knowledge earlier developed in the area of network and communication technologies, high-speed computing and data analysis, and more recently cognition and imaging. AI patent productivity increases with the scale of firm innovation, and is lower for companies with narrow technological competences. There is evidence of knowledge spillovers from ICT innovators to AI innovators, but this effect is confined to the frontier firms of the new technological field. Our findings suggest that, with the take-off of the new technology, the technological lead of top AI innovators has increased due to the accumulation of internal competences and the expanding knowledge base. These trends help explain the concentration process of the world’s data market. 相似文献
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《Information processing & management》2023,60(2):103157
The knowledge contained in academic literature is interesting to mine. Inspired by the idea of molecular markers tracing in the field of biochemistry, three named entities, namely, methods, datasets, and metrics, are extracted and used as artificial intelligence (AI) markers for AI literature. These entities can be used to trace the research process described in the bodies of papers, which opens up new perspectives for seeking and mining more valuable academic information. Firstly, the named entity recognition model is used to extract AI markers from large-scale AI literature. A multi-stage self-paced learning strategy (MSPL) is proposed to address the negative influence of hard and noisy samples on the model training. Secondly, original papers are traced for AI markers. Statistical and propagation analyses are performed based on the tracing results. Finally, the co-occurrences of AI markers are used to achieve clustering. The evolution within method clusters is explored. The above-mentioned mining based on AI markers yields many significant findings. For example, the propagation rate of the datasets gradually increases. The methods proposed by China in recent years have an increasing influence on other countries. 相似文献
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通过文献梳理、生活体验和理性思辨,发现AI异化、伪知识泛滥和全民娱乐已经对人心之善和文明传承造成了深度危害,对此,只有理性认清AI和知识的双刃剑属性,建构至善精神信仰、再造科技哲学、完善人化科技的法律法规,才能有效化解人为危机。 相似文献