The Interface Design and the Usability Testing of a Fossilization Web-Based Learning Environment

This article describes practical issues related to the design and the development of a Web-Based Learning Environment (Web-LE) for high school students. The purpose of the Fossilization Web-LE was to help students understand the process of fossilization, which is a complex phenomenon and is affected by many factors. The instructional design team faced the challenge of designing an environment that could enable its users to construct knowledge actively by manipulating the various variables of organisms, ecological systems, and physical burials. An effective user interface is essential to the enabling of students who try to explore knowledge presented in the learning environment and who, in monitoring their own learning progress, hope to avoid overwhelmingly complicated content. The analyses of both the interaction of learning activities and the design of system functions are discussed. In addition, a usability test was conducted so that the effectiveness of the interface design could be examined. The findings reveal that target users are satisfied with the usability of the Fossilization Web-LE and consider use of the user interface to be easy. At the end, several practical applications in the design of instructional software’s user interface are suggested.     

Interactivity in Video-based Models

In this review we argue that interactivity can be effective in video-based models to engage learners in relevant cognitive processes. We do not treat modeling as an isolated instructional method but adopted the social cognitive model of sequential skill acquisition in which learners start with observation and finish with independent, self-regulated performance. Moreover, we concur with the notion that interactivity should emphasize the cognitive processes that learners engage in when they interact with the learning environment. The four-component instructional design (4C/ID) model is used to define a set of cognitive processes: Elaboration and induction enable learners to construct schemas, whereas compilation and strengthening enable learners to automate these schemas. Pacing, cues, control over appearance, prediction, working in dyads, personalized task selection, and reflection prompts are identified as guidelines that might support learners to interactively construct schemas. Personalized task selection with part-task practice helps learners to interactively automate schemas.     

远程开放教学结构及网络教学模式探讨

教学结构是指在一定的教育思想、教学理论和学习理论指导下的在一定环境中展开的教学活动进程的稳定结构形式，是教学系统四个组成要素相互联系、相互作用的具体体现。基于网络的协作学习系统具有广泛的应用前景，有助于构建远程开放教育理想的教学结构和与之对应教学模式。     

教学分析研究现状之思考

由于教学分析对教学设计、教学评价、教师教学反思等有着显著的现实意义,教学分析的研究正在受着各国教育研究者的广泛关注,各种教学分析理论和方法层出不穷。该文对要素分析、交互分析、基于建模的教学系统分析这三种具有代表性的教学分析理论进行了分析和比较,以期帮助人们深入理解教学分析的各种理论,并为人们预测教学分析发展趋势提供一定的思路。     

PBL网络教学平台的设计

PBL是建构主义学习理论指导下的一种新的教学模式,具有很好的教学效果,尤其在网络环境下,PBL有着其独特的优点,具有很好的发展前景。该文试图从PBL学习理论入手,讨论网络环境下PBL的优势,分析目前网络教学平台的优缺点,从PBL的过程来讨论PBL网络教学平台的设计。     

Application of bayes’ theory in designing computer‐based adaptive instructional strategies 1

Presented are variables and conditions for design of a computer‐based adaptive instructional system. The design strategy uses Bayes’ theory of conditional probability to determine an instructional sequence according to individual student characteristics and needs. The adaptive strategy uses prior estimates based on student pretask and on‐task performance in an algorithm that makes selections of instructional sequence from a table of generated values. The computer system provides a dynamic environment which updates each students on‐task learning progress and modifies the instructional sequence accordingly. The purpose of this adaptive strategy is to improve the effectiveness of the learning environment, resulting in reductions in student learning time while improving task acquisition.     

推进成人教育创新,提高人才培养质量

在终身教育体系中,成人教育是当之无愧的主体,是终身教育的有机组成部分。而我国现阶段的成人教育存在着不足,需要与时代相适应的创新教育。现代远程教育工程,是基于网络环境下,运用现代化教学设施,利用多种教学媒体资源,以学生为主,教师引导下自主、协作完成的教学活动,这种新型的学习形式为成人教育创新教育的实施提供了崭新的平台。因此,成人教育如何创新教学,如何提高教学质量就显得尤为重要。     

基于物联网的低碳时代多媒体教学环境构建研究

随着低碳时代的到来,多媒体教学环境被赋予了新内涵,而物联网作为新一代的智能网络,可以有效满足其新需求。在对多媒体教学环境进行现状分析的基础上,提出了在设计理念、节能减排、人员管理和资产管理等方面的新要求,接着阐述了物联网的内涵、特征及对多媒体教学环境的支持,又介绍了研究团队开发的物联网多媒体教学环境控制系统以及使用评价的状况,说明其可行性和有效性,以期推动物联网在教育中的应用,进一步加快物联网教育领域的发展。     

电大现代远程开放教育教学模式构建

现代远程开放教育教学模式的实践探索，需要深化对相关理论的认识，分析其构建环境、特征和要素，使教学模式真正成为联系理论与实践的桥梁。     

新范式教学设计的共同基础——解读《教学设计的国际观（第1册）：理论·研究·模型》

随着信息时代的到来,国际教学设计领域开始摆脱传统教学系统设计模型“专注于某种心理学取向的教学程序”的困囿,走向整合心理学、技术、文化、测量、评价、管理等多学科的开放的专业领域。《教学设计的国际观（第1册）：理论·研究·模型》汇编了欧美教育、心理、文化,特别是教学设计领域学者的理论与实践著作,从多维视角梳理了教学设计发展的历史沿革,阐述了教学设计的理论基础、研究基础和实践基础。新范式教学设计强调以一种开放的态度来认识关于教学设计的各种理论、基于教学价值和方法论取向批判性地接纳不同研究成果,注重信息技术与教育理念的整合,注重新的评估理念和方法,注重复杂系统视域中的学习环境的建构,注重跨学科研究和跨领域的应用。     

试探21世纪教育文化发展走向

文章认为自主创新性学习体现着教育面向现代化、面向世界、面向未来的精义,是21世纪教育文化发展的走向,教育的永恒追求在于开发人的潜能与价值,理解生命的价值与人生的意义。为此探究了自主创新性学习的动力机制与恒定的价值坐标,论述了通向自主创新性学习的现代教育、教学文化体系及其建构要素,强调学校教育文化在自主创新性学习能力培养方面作用独特。     

网络环境的主动学习设计系统

该文通过透彻分析目前教学设计理论以及网络教学存在的一些问题,来寻找一种好的解决方案——运用网络环境的主动学习设计系统。重点详细地阐述了系统的主要组成部分:教学知识系统和监视系统,讲述运用网络环境的学习设计系统所具备的条件,并对此系统进行一定的展望。     

Learning qualitative and quantitative reasoning in a microworld for elastic impacts

From a psychological point of view efficient teaching by means of an intelligent tutoring system necessarily involves that the communication of knowledge is adapted to the requirements of the learner: to her cognitive abilities, her pre-instructional knowledge and her learning capabilities. To tackle these topics in a precise way, we have developed the artificial-intelligence-based microworld DiBi (disk billiard) and MULEDS, a multi-level diagnosis system. The microworld DiBi sets up a learning environment which simulates elastic impacts as a subtopic of classical mechanics. DiBi enables and supports reasoning on different levels of mental domain representation ordered along the dimension ‘qualitative/quantitative’. This way of representing the domain provides a basis for passive adaptation in an advanced way. Correspondingly, active adaptation is supported by MULEDS, wherein student modeling is realized by assessing the student’s correct and/or incorrect domain-specific knowledge at these different levels. Within this psychological perspective, the use of instructional tools, such as the microworld DiBi and the computerized diagnosis system MULEDS, aims at gradually supporting and guiding the student in the construction of more and more powerful an sound domain representations. The progression through these levels of domain representation will enable the student to solve the problems posed by the domain in a flexible way.     

Information,Instruction, and Learning: A Hypermedia Perspective Originally published in 1991, PIQ 4.3

Hypermedia as defined by Osgood (1987) is a tool for linking nonlinear information presented in the form of graphics, animation, video, and sound. One important question for instructional designers regarding hypermedia is how it can be used as an instructional or learning tool that enhances rather than inhibits learning. Creating hypermedia applications is a quick and easy alternative to creating courseware with older authoring systems and languages which took many hours to learn. This ease of application creation, combined with a tremendous increase in information available to our society, has resulted in a proliferation of hypermedia databases in school, university, and industry settings that is gradually moving into homes. Many of these databases are simply information media. This paper identifies important issues related to classifying a hypermedia-based information system appropriately. Based on a discussion of these issues, a call for systematic research which clarifies the role that hypermedia-based information systems can and should play in an instructional or learning environment is set forth.     

Expanding preservice teachers' metacognitive awareness of instructional planning through pedagogical agents

In this experimental study, 135 preservice teachers developed an instructional plan for a case study within the Multiple Intelligent Mentors Instructing Collaboratively (MIMIC) computer-based environment. Three-dimensional, animated pedagogical agents, representing constructivist and instructivist approaches to instructional planning, served as instructional mentors within the environment and were available to provide advisements. The research design consisted of two factors, (a) instructivist agent (present, absent) and (b) constructivist agent (present, absent), with two primary groups of dependent measures, (a) metacognitive awareness, and (b) attitude. Regarding metacognitive awareness, when the constructivist agent was present, participants tended to report a change in their perspective of instructional planning, reflected less on their thinking, and developed instructional plans rated as more constructivist in underlying pedagogy. Regarding attitude, when the instructivist agent was present, participants reported a more negative disposition regarding instructional planning. Results are discussed in terms of the impact on teaching instructional planning to preservice teachers.     

从讯息设计的视角看教学模拟游戏的设计——以《扩散模拟游戏》(增强版)为例

文章从讯息设计的视角审视整个教学传播过程,阐释讯息设计的重要性;重视以学习者的内部心理加工过程为依据,强调对讯息的形态和诱导两方面进行设计,从界面设计和激励环境设计两个角度,具体分析了《扩散模拟游戏》(增强版)的设计,指出其可借鉴之处和需要改进的方面。     

Developing a shared cluster construct of instructional leadership in TALIS

In the Teaching and Learning International Survey (TALIS), instructional leadership is measured by the self-reports of principals on three items only. When this measure is investigated together with teacher satisfaction with current work environment, no significant associations were found in the Nordic countries participating in the TALIS 2013 round. This paper argues that a potential reason for this might be the severely underrepresented construct of instructional leadership. As an alternative approach, teacher data from the same study are used to establish two important dimensions of instructional leadership at the school level: 1) managing the instructional program and 2) developing the school learning climate. Applying multilevel structural equation modelling (MSEM), we establish two shared cluster constructs at the school level and observe significant modest relationships between these constructs and teacher job satisfaction with current work environment. The paper brings to our attention the different approaches for interpreting, exploring, and making sense of instructional leadership in international large-scale studies, such as TALIS, from the joint perspective of teachers.