英国学校公民教育新解

英国学校长期以来公民课程的缺失,并不意味着英国学校不存在公民教育,也不能得出英国大众普遍缺乏公民意识的结论。英国社会和学校的总体教育在几个层面上提供了某种形式的公民教育:英国资本主义的民主制度在宏观层面上对学校的公民教育产生了影响;英国学校教育的整体生活在中观层面上起到了公民教育的作用;英国学校的多门学科在微观层面上具有公民教育的因素。英国学校的公民教育是在传统与变革之间的相互融合中协调渐进的。     

英国公民教育现状及社交媒介与公民教育的关系——伊恩·戴维斯教授访谈录

为了更全面地了解英国公民教育现状以及当代世界公民教育的新问题,采访人与英国约克大学教育学教授、教育系副主任、教育与社会公正研究中心主任、教育研究所主任,著名的公民教育专家伊恩·戴维斯进行了访谈,对英国公民教育国家课程标准向品格教育的转向进行讨论,辨别什么是好的公民教育,探讨如何评估公民教育效果,思考社交媒介等新技术与公民教育的关系。在访谈的过程中,比较了中英两国的教育实践,总结了部分公民教育经验。     

英国的绅士教育思想及启示

英国的绅士教育在教育史上具有独特的地位,是推动世界教育进程的重要力量之一。英国绅士教育的产生既与本国资本主义的发展和文化传统有密切关联,同时还体现了教育事业的进程与人类文明的演进。英国绅士教育主要包含德育、智育以及体育三部分,并对我国高等教育的发展有重要启示,高校应重视德育教育教化与体育教育,采用科学的"启发式"教学方法,自觉承担起培养合格公民的义务。     

英国公民课程建构路径的向度分析

在西方文化的思想语境下,分析英国公民教育课程建构的直接动因、价值基础和理论争鸣,廓清其发展路径的基本脉络,揭示英国公民课程发展的内在规律,有助于我们更深入地了解英国公民教育。价值观合法性危机是英国公民课程构建的基本前提,民主社会目标是公民课程构建的价值基础。从课程目标价值作为其实施效果的考量依据看,目前英国学界对学校是否应当设置公民课仍存在较大分歧。同时,缺少公民课教师的充分培训成为影响实施效果的主要原因。     

英国中小学公民教育问题探析

2000年,英国中小学课程改革将公民教育作为国家法定科目正式引入中小学,其实施收到了很好的效果。然而,实践中也暴露出了一些问题。英国中小学公民教育的问题主要表现在两个方面：一是公民教育政策忽视了广泛的社会制度和环境：二是公民教育在学校实施层面存在着难以克服的困难。     

英国公民资格观及其在公民教育中的实践

公民资格是理解公民教育的起点和基础。当代英国公民资格观主要包括道德的公民资格观、法定的公民资格观、参与的公民资格观和基于身份的公民资格观。道德的公民资格观和参与的公民资格观作为当下影响英国公民教育的主导话语,对公民教育实践产生了重要影响。法定的公民资格观强调公民教育中加强人权教育。基于身份的公民资格观则对公民教育实践提出质疑与挑战。英国公民资格理论话语的发展为公民教育实践提供了参照和启示。     

英国民主公民教育内涵

2002年民主公民教育纳入英国国家课程体系,实现了与其它欧洲国家公民教育的同步发展,这是2000年英国国家课程修订中最具意义的举措。以往民主公民教育在英国具有争议性,原因之一就是对民主公民教育的含义没有取得共识,对于什么是民主公民教育没有统一的说法,其概念是含糊不清的。[第一段]     

英国公民教育及其意义

随着我国改革开放的深入发展,公民教育在我国的现代化进程中的地位越来越重要。我国的公民教育理论和实践基础较浅,西方发达国家公民教育的理论与实践值得我们借鉴。英国公民教育已经成为英国教育的一部分,在现代化进程中发挥重要作用。我们借鉴英国公民教育的培养目标、教育内容和培养模式,并且考察其公民教育的问题,构建我国公民教育的培养模式。     

公民权责教育:英国公民教育的新动向

公民权责教育在英国将首次作为国家政策正式引入到中小学来。本文对英国开展公民权责教育作背景分析 ,介绍“科瑞克报告”中关于公民权责教育的主要建议。英国的公民权责教育主要有三种方法 :讨论师生共同感兴趣的问题、参与实际的选举活动、开展网络在线讨论。随着全球化的兴起 ,全球公民教育已是迫在眉睫之事。与英国的公民教育相比 ,中国的公民教育应拓宽思路 ,创设情境 ,引导学生在活动中获得公民教育 ,尤其要加强公民权责教育。     

英国中小学公民教育管窥

从2002年9月起,英国的公民教育作为国家课程,已经成为中小学校的必修课目.事实上,英国的公民教育主要是通过个人、社会与健康教育(personal,social and health education简称PSHE)来进行的.政府规定,小学阶段公民教育主要在PSHE中进行.中学阶段,PSHE作为非法定科目配合进行公民教育.为辅助公民教育的开展,多数学校都设置了PSHE课程,其逐渐成为英国学校的一种德育课,其德育理念,渗透到了其他课程当中.可见,PSHE在英国公民教育中有着重要地位,对PSHE进行分析和思考,有助于我们更深刻了解英国公民教育的内涵,也将为我国中小学的公民教育提供一些启示.     

《科瑞克报告》对英国中小学公民教育的影响

1997年,以布莱尔为首的英国工党上台执政。布莱尔政府对英国公民教育进行了全面改革,《科瑞克报告》是布莱尔政府改革公民教育的重要蓝本。《科瑞克报告》由三部分组成,第一部分是引言,第二部分对改革英国公民教育提出了13条建议,第三部分说明了初等、中等学校实施公民教育的框架。《科瑞克报告》在英国公民教育发展史上具有里程碑意义,但是,报告本身也存在着一些问题。     

Global citizenship education: mainstreaming the curriculum?

There has been a resurgence of interest in global education in the UK as global issues are included within the requirements of citizenship education in national curricula. This paper examines the significance attached to global citizenship through Citizenship as a statutory subject at Key Stages 3 and 4 within the National Curriculum for England. Drawing on a web‐based project funded by the UK Department for International Development, the paper analyses a number of secondary school texts designed to support teachers and students in incorporating global perspectives into citizenship education. It seeks to answer the question: in what ways is global citizenship being mainstreamed? It suggests that NGOs and commercial publishers have different but complementary approaches to resources for global citizenship and that there is a strong case for greater collaboration between the two sectors.     

Human rights and public education

This article attempts a contrast to the contribution by Hugh Starkey. Rather than his account of the inexorable rise of human rights discourse, and of the implementation of human rights standards, human rights are here presented as always and necessarily scandalous and highly contested. First, I explain why the UK has lagged so far behind its European neighbours in implementing citizenship education. Second, a comparison with France shows that the latest UK reforms bring us up to 1789. Third, the twentieth-century second-generation social and economic rights are still anathema in the UK. Fourth, the failure to come to terms with Empire and especially the slave trade means that the UK’s attitude to third-generation rights, especially the right of peoples to self-determination, is heavily compromised. Taking into account the points I raise, citizenship education in the UK might look very different.     

从教书匠到燃灯者:教师公民教育自觉的蒙昧与唤醒

从课程角度来看,目前我国学校公民教育存在两个不充分:公民学科教育以公民认知代替完整的公民教育,路径开发不充分;其他各类课程协同的公民教育同向聚焦不足,路径拓展不充分。从教师角度思考其原因,是“教书匠”的职业定位蒙昧了其现代教育背景下职能的自觉,拘囿了其教育视域的拓展。教师要以公民教育自觉,为社会和谐与公民幸福而教,拓展公民教育的场域,结成学习共同体,向自然、向社会、向生活开发,搭建全景、多层交错衔接式育公民的大世界;拓展学科教学视域,在学科课程资源中发掘或显或隐的公民教育课程资源,构建全员、全课程育公民的大格局。     

Active citizenship through sport education

Sport education (SE) is an instruction model developed amid concerns about the lack of authentic, legitimate opportunities for young people to experience sport through physical education and was designed to facilitate enhanced links between experiences in physical education and those in the wider world of sport. The paper discusses how one UK primary school delivered key citizenship education learning through the use of SE. The research reported here is based on interviews with teachers and students in Year 6 at one co-education, state-run primary school. The paper highlights the possibilities for teaching citizenship through the medium of sport while recognising the central importance of the creative teaching approach rather than the subject matter of sport in facilitating the development of active citizenship. The possibilities for citizenship education through sport to be celebratory and supportive of real-world discourses are highlighted. As a solution to the overcrowded curriculum in primary schools, SE has been embraced and developed by the teachers in ‘Forest Gate School’.     

英、澳、美、加四国公民教育课程改革影响因素比较研究

世界各国面对全球一体化带来的公民身份认同危机,纷纷颁行关于公民教育课程的政策法规,以实现培养合格公民的目标。在这一进程中,英国、澳大利亚、美国、加拿大四国的公民教育课程改革较具代表性。课程目标制定的专业性及明确性、课程资源的可获取性、教师培训的有效性、资金支持的连续性以及课程研究、评估和监督的持续性,成为影响公民教育有效实施的几大决定性因素。     

CITIZENSHIP EDUCATION AND CHARACTER EDUCATION: SIMILARITIES AND CONTRASTS

ABSTRACT:  We suggest that there is a need for those who seek to explore issues associated with the implementation of citizenship education in England to clarify its specific nature. This can be done, at least in part, through a process of comparison. To that end we review some of the connections and disjunctions between 'character education' and 'citizenship education'. We argue, drawing from US and UK literature but focusing our attention on contexts and issues in England, that there are indeed some broad areas of overlap between these two fields. Citizens should be of 'good' character and the educational initiatives that we consider both emerge from a concern about current trends in society. However, we suggest that the overlaps with citizenship education principally apply when character education is drawn very broadly. When we examine a particular approach to character education that is often US-based, and titled as 'citizenship', we note many contrasts with citizenship education as formulated in the National Curriculum for England. We suggest that citizenship educators in England need to interpret claims about the similarity between these two fields with caution, or meanings that apply to both character education and citizenship education will be distorted.     

可欲且可行的全球公民教育实践路径:苏格兰“全球故事情节法”探析

研究发现,全球公民教育的热度不高与其实践层面的三重困境有关。"全球故事情节法"之所以成为苏格兰实施全球公民教育的最有效路径,正是源自于其对实践困境的有效回应:其一,政府对全球公民教育的倡导营造了相对宽松的政策环境,"全球故事情节法"与现有课程体系相融合获得了灵活的实践空间,实现了安全的课程地位。其二,通过对"故事情节法"和教育戏剧的运用,使全球社会和全球议题通俗化,实现了学生的体验式学习,弥合了学生认知能力和认知需求间的矛盾。其三,西苏格兰发展教育中心通过职业培训传播了理论知识和实践能力,构建了围绕全球公民教育的共同体,为教师提供了教学支持。     

What do citizens need to know? An analysis of knowledge in citizenship curricula in the UK and Ireland

Contemporary citizenship education tends to focus on the development of skills through real experiences, which has led to a relative neglect or simplification of knowledge and understanding. This article outlines a framework for analysing citizenship curricula drawing on Young’s notion of ‘powerful knowledge’ and ‘knowledge of the powerful’ and on Shulman’s account of subject knowledge, which includes substantive concepts and epistemic criteria. These ideas are used to analyse the citizenship curricula in the four nations of the UK and Ireland to assess the extent to which they provide an adequate account of knowledge and understanding of citizenship. The article concludes that it is important to reconsider the relationship between the genuinely educational aspects of citizenship education (where ‘powerful knowledge’ opens up new and diverse understandings) from the normative aims, which are more akin to a form of socialisation (where ‘knowledge of the powerful’ closes down certain possibilities).     

Global citizens or global workers? Comparing university programmes for global citizenship education in Japan and the UK

Abstract

The implementation of global citizenship programmes at universities has been taking place against a backdrop of growing internationalisation and marketisation in higher education, leading some to conclude that universities are cultivating global workers rather than global citizens. This small-scale exploratory study aimed to investigate these claims through the comparison of global citizenship education (GCE) programmes in two contrasting contexts – the UK and Japan. Through a combination of quantitative and qualitative content analysis, our findings suggest that the universities in both the UK and Japanese contexts demonstrate examples of adaptation and localisation of GCE to fit with institutional commitments, and both universities have significant elements of employability agendas infused into their programmes. We argue that while different in many respects, the two programmes both demonstrate an adaptation of GCE to fit within broader internationalisation strategies aimed at maximising global competitiveness and an alignment with the neoliberal trends shaping the global higher education sector.