我国速度滑冰优秀男子运动员膝、踝关节肌力特征的比较研究

通过运用CYBEX NORM多关节等速测力及康复系统对我国男子500m国际级健将和国家级健将速度滑冰运动员下肢膝、踝关节肌力进行测试和分析。结果表明，两组运动员在部分膝、踝关节肌力特征上存在显著性差异，国际级健将运动员表现出较国家级健将运动员更合理的肌力特征。     

对男子跳高运动员下肢肌力特征的对比研究

本文通过对男子跳高一、二级运动员下肢肌力的测试分析,发现两者表现出以下肌力特征:一级运动员踝关节向心肌肉力量训练效果不佳;一级运动员的两腿膝关节和踝关节伸肌离心肌力矩显著大于二级运动员;与向心肌力相比,一级运动员更具有膝、踝两关节离心肌力的优势。建议在训练中,不仅要提高运动员下肢的蹬伸力量,更要增强下肢的退让性肌肉力量。     

优秀散打运动员下肢关节等速肌力特征研究

运用IsoMed2000型肌力测试系统，选择60°/s和240°/s，对23名优秀男子散打运动员（健将级9名为A组，国家一级14名为B组）支撑腿和进攻腿髋、膝、踝屈伸肌群各项等速肌力指标进行测量。探讨优秀散打运动员支撑腿和进攻腿髋、膝、踝关节等速肌力特征，分析两腿的肌力差异，判断肌力平衡、关节稳定，运动员等级水平对肌力的影响。结果：国家健将级散打运动员双侧下肢髋、膝、踝关节等速肌力及稳定性显著优于国家一级运动员，支撑腿主要体现力的有效传递及稳定性，进攻腿主要体现屈伸肌力大小。     

试论青少年摔跤和柔道运动员踝关节运动致伤的原因和防治

踝关节是人体运动的一个很重要的关节，也是运。动中易发生损伤的部位。踝关节韧带损伤（俗称踝关节伤）是少年儿童摔跤、柔道运动员常见的损伤，在踝部损伤中占首位。由于少年儿童摔跤、柔道运动员正处在生长发育阶段，韧带、关节囊伸展性大，牢固性相对较羞，在外力的作用下，特别是在爆发式用力时很容易发生韧带损伤。如果少年儿童摔跤、柔道运动员在训练中不注意保护或伤后未能及时地治疗，就会制约足部骨骼和骨肉的正常生长发育，甚至造成踝关节组织纤维化，给少年儿童带来终身痛苦。少年儿童在进行柔道训练时，积极预防和保护踝关节就显得非常重要。本将从踝关节的解剖学特点探讨其扭伤的原因及防治措施。[第一段]     

对上海田径队短跨运动员膝踝关节肌力的调查

膝关节、踝关节是径赛项目运动员下肢发力最主要的两个关节,它们肌力的大小、用力的和谐程度决定了运动员在跑动时的实际效果,特别是短跨运动员。这两个关节的每次发力对步颖、步幅的变化起着重要的作用,而步频、步幅又是决定跑速的两大因素,因此,了解运动员膝、踝关节肌力的大小,重视膝、踝关节的肌力训练是改善径赛圳练的重要环节。本文通过对上海田径队短跨运动员膝、踝肌力进行测试和分析,进而     

男子古典与自由式摔跤运动员躯干及颈部最大力量特征的比较研究

随着比赛程度的日益激烈和运动员技战术水平差异的减小,力量素质在摔跤项目的竞技能力组成结构中显示出越来越重要的地位。采用文献资料、专家访谈以及测试等方法,通过对古典跤与自由跤运动员躯干与颈部肌力测试来定量分析自由式、古典式摔跤运动员躯干及颈部力量特征,结果发现：古典式摔跤运动员躯干伸、左右侧屈肌群最大力量优于自由跤运动员,而颈部屈伸、左右侧屈肌群最大力量低于自由跤运动员,躯干屈肌群最大力量之间没有显著差异;古典式和自由式摔跤运动员躯干伸肌、颈部伸肌最大力量测试值均明显高于躯干屈肌和颈部屈肌。     

对上海田径队短跨运动员膝踝关节肌力的调查

膝关节、踝关节是径赛项目运动员下肢发力最主要的两个关节,它们肌力的大小、用力的和谐程度决定了运动员在跑动时的实际效果,特别是短跨运动员。这两个关节的每次发力对步颖、步幅的变化起着重要的作用,而步频、步幅又是决定跑速的两大因素,因此,了解运动员膝、踝关节肌力的大小,重视膝、踝关节的肌力训练是改善径赛训练的重要环节。本文通过对上海田径队短     

男子自由式摔跤运动员主要关节的肌力特征研究

目的:研究我国男子自由式摔跤运动员主要关节的肌力表现,找出肌力规律和特征;方法:通过等动测试仪(ISOMED-2000)对我国优秀男子自由式摔跤运动员(共53名)进行主要关节的肌力测试与分析,测试角速度分别为0°/s和180°/s;结果:1)相对最大力矩、相对平均峰力矩及相对平均功率普遍表现出伸肌大于屈肌的特征;2)各关节在两种角速度下,存在同侧屈伸比和异侧同名肌群比较上的显著性差异(P＜0.05),即各关节存在不同程度的失衡性;3)随着角速度的增加,各主要关节的相对最大力矩基本呈现递减特征,但腰背部肌群呈现递增的特征,并且存在不同角速度上的显著性差异(P＜0.05),其屈/伸比值在180°/s时仍然小于1.结论:我国优秀男子自由式摔跤运动员在不同关节上存在肌力的双侧不对称性,并且腰背部表现出对伸肌的高度要求.     

优秀女子自行车运动员踝关节肌群等动向心测试研究

利用等动测力系统(Cybex-6000)对10名优秀女子自行车运动员进行踝关节肌力的等动向心测试。研究的结果表明:1)踝关节肌群等动向心收缩时峰力矩及相对峰力矩随运动速度的增加而减少,总功及相对总功随测试速度的增加而减小,而平均功率及相对值随测试速度的增加而增大;2)踝关节前后侧肌力矩相差很大,而且显示出速度的差异性。自行车运动员踝关节肌群的肌力特征,反映了踝关节的肌肉配布与踝关节肌群的训练特征,体现了其合肌肉规律,合肌群特色,合运动实际的规律。     

优秀跳水运动员下肢肌力水平特点分析

目的探讨跳水项目运动员的力量素质特征,以期更好的完成力量训练。方法通过对广东优秀跳水运动员下肢膝、踝关节及躯干屈伸肌群等速肌力测试及三维测力台SJ、CMJ测试,测定跳水运动员各肌群肌力水平。结果跳板运动员与跳台运动员在年龄、身高、体重方面有着显著性差异,其基本规律为男板>女板>男台>女台(P<0.05);跳板运动员与跳台运动员在关节等速肌力水平、三维测力台SJ、CMJ测试结果上有着显著性差异,其基本规律为男板>女板>男台>女台(P<0.05);膝关节的屈伸快速力量比例在0.60左右,踝关节则在0.40左右,低于世界标准;相对于体能项目,跳水运动员受到年龄、体重等因素影响,力量水平一般,快速条件下膝、踝关节耐力水平一般,躯干耐力水平较好。结论跳水运动员下肢薄弱肌群为膝关节屈肌、踝关节伸肌、躯干伸肌,同时膝、踝关节屈伸比值过低,易导致运动损伤的发生。     

对福建省部分项目运动员屈、伸髋、膝、踝关节肌肉力量若干问题的探讨

人体是一个有机整体,其运动需要身体各部位肌肉的协调用力,这就要求其各部位肌肉力量协调发展。对福建省部分羽毛球、田径、自行车运动贝屈、伸髋、膝、踝关节肌肉力量测定结果进行分析。探讨这些运动员肌肉力量所表现出的特征,为有关项目运动的力量训练监控提供科学依据。     

黑龙江省摔跤运动员核心区域力量训练方法调研

通过专家访谈、文献资料、问卷调查、数理统计和实验等研究方法,调查黑龙江省摔跤队核心区域力量训练现状,并以之证实核心区域力量的重要性、有效性,提出针对性意见和建议,使摔跤运动员核心区域力量得以全面、有效的提高。     

沙滩排球训练对运动员膝,踝关节肌群肌力影响的比较研究

为探讨沙滩排球训练对运动员膝、踝关节肌群肌力的影响,沙滩排球训练周期前后,对我国１２名兼职沙滩女排运动员的膝、踝关节肌群进行了ＢＩＯＤＥＸ肌力测试。结果表明,沙滩训练后,膝关节屈肌群快肌纤维的爆发力,伸肌群快肌纤维的最大力和爆发力,踝关节跖肌群慢、快肌纤维的最大肌力和爆发力增长有显性意义,这是沙滩训练后原地纵跳成绩提高的重的肌力原因。     

沙滩排球训练对女排运动员弹跳肌群等速向心收缩肌力影响的比较研究

为探讨在沙滩这种特殊的介质上进行排球训练对运动员膝、踝关节肌群肌力的影响．在1998年沙滩排球训练周期前后．对我国12名兼职沙滩女排运动员的膝、踩关节屈伸肌群进行了等速向心收缩肌力测试。结果表明。沙滩训练后．膝关节屈肌群快肌纤维的爆发力．伸肌群快肌纤维的最大肌力和爆发力,踝关节跖肌群慢、快肌纤维的最大肌力和爆发力增长有显性意义。这是沙滩训练后原地纵跳成绩提高的重要肌力原因。     

Ankle muscle strength influence on muscle activation during dynamic and static ankle training modalities

Muscle weakness is considered a risk factor for ankle injury. Balance training and barefoot running have been used in an attempt to strengthen the muscles crossing the ankle. It is expected that training tasks that successfully strengthen the ankle would elicit increased muscular activity. However, it is unknown how an individual's ankle strength will influence the muscle activity used during a given task. Twenty-six participants performed dynamic (shod, barefoot running) and static tasks (squat on ground, squat on ®Bosu Ball) believed to strengthen the muscles surrounding the ankle. Electromyographic signals of the tibialis anterior, peroneus longus, gastrocnemius lateralis (GL) and gastrocnemius medialis (GM) were recorded and analysed using a non-linearly scaled wavelet analysis. Participants were divided into a strong group and a weak group according to their isometric plantar-flexion torque. The weak group required more relative GL and GM muscle activity during each training task compared to the strong group. No difference was observed between shod and barefoot running. There was a significant effect of training task on muscle activation level for the weak group. Differences in ankle strength had a significant impact on muscle activation.     

三人板鞋竞速运动损伤的调查与分析

采用问卷调查与数理统计等方法,对三人板鞋竞速运动员的损伤史进行调查分析,结果表明：三人板鞋竞速运动的损伤部位主要是足部、踝关节、膝关节、大小腿肌肉、髋关节、腰背、腕关节、肘关节、肩关节等部位;动作不合理、队员间配合脱节、准备活动不充分、肌肉力量不足、场地器材不适合等是造成损伤的主要原因。     

优秀摔跤运动员赛前减(控)体重个性化研究

运用文献资料法、实验法、问卷调查法和膳食称重法,对优秀古典式摔跤运动员十运会前的体重控制过程进行了个案调查与分析。结果表明:体重的下降主要以减少体脂含量为主,瘦体重变化不明显;血红蛋白等几项生化指标较好地反映出训练负荷的变化和运动员赛前的身体机能状况;慢减体重可能会引起运动员心理状态的波动;赛前的膳食营养不够合理;称重后的体能恢复至关重要。     

Lower extremity injury in female basketball players is related to a large difference in peak eversion torque between barefoot and shod conditions

BackgroundThe majority of injuries reported in female basketball players are ankle sprains and mechanisms leading to injury have been debated. Investigations into muscular imbalances in barefoot versus shod conditions and their relationship with injury severity have not been performed. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of wearing athletic shoes on muscular strength and its relationship to lower extremity injuries, specifically female basketball players due to the high incidence of ankle injuries in this population.MethodsDuring pre-season, 11 female collegiate basketball players underwent inversion and eversion muscle strength testing using an isokinetic dynamometer in both a barefoot and shod conditions. The difference between conditions was calculated for inversion and eversion peak torque, time to peak torque as well as eversion-to-inversion peak torque percent strength ratio for both conditions. Lower extremity injuries were documented and ranked in severity. The ranked difference between barefoot and shod conditions for peak torque and time to peak torque as well as percent strength ratio was correlated with injury ranking using a Spearman rho correlation (ρ) with an α level of 0.05.ResultsThe ranked differences in barefoot and shod for peak eversion and inversion torque at 120°/s were correlated with their injury ranking. Ranking of the athletes based on the severity of injuries that were sustained during the season was found to have a strong, positive relationship with the difference in peak eversion torque between barefoot and shod (ρ = 0.78; p = 0.02).ConclusionIt is possible that a large discrepancy between strength in barefoot and shod conditions can predispose an athlete to injury. Narrowing the difference in peak eversion torque between barefoot and shod could decrease propensity to injury. Future work should investigate the effect of restoration of muscular strength during barefoot and shod exercise on injury rates.     

Preparation time influences ankle and knee joint control during dynamic change of direction movements

The influence of preparation time on ankle joint biomechanics during highly dynamic movements is largely unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of limited preparation time on ankle joint loading during highly dynamic run-and-cut movements. Thirteen male basketball players performed 45°-sidestep-cutting and 180°-turning manoeuvres in reaction to light signals which appeared during the approach run. Both movements were executed under (1) an easy condition, in which the light signal appeared very early, (2) a medium condition and (3) a hard condition with very little time to prepare the movements. Maximum ankle inversion angles, moments and velocities during ground contact, as well as EMG signals of three lower extremity muscles, were analysed. In 180°-turning movements, reduced preparation time led to significantly increased maximum ankle inversion velocities. Muscular activation levels, however, did not change. Increased inversion velocities, without accompanying changes in muscular activation, may have the potential to destabilise the ankle joint when less preparation time is available. This may result in a higher injury risk during turning movements and should therefore be considered in ankle injury research and the aetiology of ankle sprains.     

浅谈摔跤运动员的科学选材和训练思路

对摔跤项目的运动员选材和专业化训练进行探讨研究,提出：（1）摔跤运动发展趋于高强度、高对抗;（2）选材时应根据项目发展趋势及时对形态、机能和素质标准进行修改;（3）训练指导思想应结合人体发育规律和项目发展规律来确定。