Native science,intercultural education and place‐conscious education: an Ecuadorian example

This paper explores ways to bring together local and global knowledge systems in the context of education. It first discusses the concepts of native science and of intercultural education, key ideas in Ecuadorian indigenous education today. Both of these concepts seek to unite the local and the global in new ways. It explores the views of Ecuadorian indigenous educators and leaders around issues of education and science. The primary need voiced by these individuals is that of defending their communities against various kinds of encroachment, economic as well as cultural, and the enterprise of education is viewed within this reality. Finally, the paper discusses the paradigm of place‐conscious education, which the author argues is a unifying conceptual framework that speaks to the concerns voiced by these educators as well as those of educators elsewhere.     

Ideology in science education: The Australian example

In June 1993 Australia produced the final draft of its national science curriculum. The author argues that this document is fatally flawed, as it attempts to treat science education as a vehicle for dealing with a myriad social and moral concerns that are unrelated to science. This ideological approach presents a serious obstacle to good science teaching and creates a confused and distorted image of science. The pitfalls of the Australian science curriculum should be avoided by other nations that are attempting to improve science teaching.

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Zusammenfassung Im Juni 1993 legte Australien die Endversion seinen nationalen wissenschaftlichen Curriculums vor. Der Autor argumentiert, daß dieses Dokument eklatante Lücken aufweise, da versucht werde, nicht mit Wissenschaft zusammenhängende soziale und moralische Belange mit wissenschaftlicher Erziehung zu begegnen. Dieser ideologische Ansatz stellt ein ernsthaftes Hindernis für einen qualifizierten wissenschaftlichen Unterricht dar und erstellt ein konfuses und verdrehtes Bild der Wissenschaft. Die Unzulänglichkeiten des australischen wissenschaftlichen Curriculums sollten von anderen Nationen, die eine Verbesserung des wissenschaftlichen Curriculums anstreben, vermieden werden.

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Résumé En juin 1993, l'Australie a achevé la version finale de son programme national pour l'enseignement des sciences. L'auteur soutient que ce projet est voué à l'échec, étant donné qu'il se sert de l'enseignment scientifique comme support à une myriade de questions sociales et morales sans relation avec la science. Cette approche idéologique fait sérieusement obstacle à un enseignement des sciences convenable et reflète une image confuse et déformée de cette discipline. Les autres pays qui s'emploient actuellement à améliorer leur enseignement scientifique doivent éviter les pièges du programme australien.

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Sumario En junio de 1993, Australia finalizó el delineamiento de su currículo nacional de la ciencia. El autor indica que el documento presenta grandes defectos, ya que intenta hacer de los estudios científicos un vehículo que se ocupe de una infinidad de asuntos sociales y morales no relacionados con la ciencia. Este enfoque ideológico presenta un serio obstáculo para la eficaz formación científica, creando una imagen confusa y distorsionada de la misma. Los defectos del currículo australiano de la ciencia deberían ser evitados por otras naciones que intentan mejorar la enseñanza científica.

     

试析讲坛类电视节目的定位转变——以科教栏目《百家讲坛》为例

电视讲坛节目以其特有的方式把传统古典文化与大众文化结合起来,在一定程度上拉近了精英文化与大众文化的距离.近来,讲坛类电视节目之所以这么备受青睐,主要缘于定位思路的不断转变.文章试以科教栏目<百家讲坛>为例,从栏目定位、内容定位、受众定位、传播者定位、传播方式定位等方面的转变,对电视讲坛类栏目的成功模式进行探计.     

Models in science and in science education: an introduction

This collection of papers contributes to the tradition of model-related research in education, and it does so in both the fields of pedagogy and epistemology. Hopefully the papers will deepen understanding and move the research field forward. The ubiquity of models in the history and current practice of science is widely recognised. In the past half-century historians and philosophers of science have devoted considerable time to documenting and understanding the role of models in science and social science. A minority of studies have engaged with the central epistemic question of the truth-status of models, and of how models relate, or do not relate, to the real-world processes that they are putatively representing. In Education research there has been a rich vein of such research investigating the use of models as aids to memory, as ways of bridging between the experience and understanding of learners and the more abstract theories of science; and there has been a lot of research on the efficacy of children’s own experiences of model construction and testing. Attention to the epistemological side of model construction, functioning and testing is of special current importance because of the unprecedented importance being given to ‘Nature of Science’ objectives in science curricula around the world.     

德育课程开展小组合作学习实施策略——《经济政治与社会》课程为例

小组合作学习作为当前德育课程教改的一种重要方式,是学生主体学习的重要形式,通过学生"动手实践、自主探究、合作交流"在职业学校得到普遍推广和应用。的学习方式。值得实施和推广。作为德育教师,如何实施有效的小组合作学习。     

Learning science by doing science: an authentic science process-learning model in postsecondary education

Research on understanding the full extent that an authentic science research experience engages students in how scientists think and act is sparse. ‘Learning-science-by-doing-science’ (LSDS) is an emerging self-guided process-learning model in postsecondary science education. It offers authentic science research opportunities that drive students to think and act like scientists. This study investigates the LSDS approach as a potential model for science learning at postsecondary level and aims to answer a main research inquiry – what are the students’ and teaching staff’s perceptions of students’ learning gains and the quality of their learning experiences in an authentic research environment within the LSDS model? To answer this question, data were collected from the students, alumni, instructors, teaching assistants and the program director via questionnaires, focus groups and interviews. Students’ and staff’s lived experiences and their perceptions on their authentic research experiences within the LSDS model were used to articulate the key attributes and stages of the LSDS model. The outcomes of this study can be used to help other science programs implement similar authentic research process learning approaches in their own contexts.     

Religious education in Botswana—an example of development,progress and vision

This article traces the development of religious education in Botswana from pre‐colonial times to the present day. It explores the manner in which the subject has been influenced by the presence of missionary activity in the country during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries as well as more recent post‐colonial developments. The challenges facing the subject in meeting the needs of citizens in a rapidly developing country are also examined.     

周远清在"促进人文教育与科学教育的融合高级研讨会"上的讲话

人文教育与科学教育的融合是一个教育的理念。在当前高等教育改革发展到一个新的阶段,这是个很值得深入研究、大力推进的教育理念。大力推进人文教育与科学教育的融合也是一个标志,标志着中国高等教育在多年加强文化素质、人文素质教育的基础上逐渐走向成熟。一、对我国推进人文教育与科学教育融合的几点认识1.人文教育与科学教育的分离,在中国是一个顽症。理由有三点:第一,中学长期文理分班,不仅带来了学生知识的偏科,而且从小就灌输了一种人文教育与科学教育分离的观念。这后者比前者更可怕。解决文理分班的问题,看似简单,实际上很不容易。我     

季羡林先生在『促进人文教育与科学教育的融合高级研讨会』上的讲话

我回到母校参加这个会感到非常高兴.人文素质教育大家提倡多年了.今天看到我们清华大学和中国高等教育学会共同开展关于人文素质教育的工作,我感到多年的愿望现在可以实现了.     

中法联合办学中法语教学——以滨州学院为例

滨州学院法国多所高校进行合作办学,法语教学工作显得越来越重要。在联合办学中的法语教学,应面向学生从实际需要出发,提高学生学习法语的积极性和学习效率,提高法语教师的教学水平。     

Genetic epistemology,history of science and science education

Conclusions The main feature of Piaget & Garcia's study (1989) is the overture of a new field of research within the Piagetian framework, namely the comparative study of individual and historical development.During the 80's, several alternative models have been offered to account for the relations between individual and historical development. However, it has been suggested that there [...] appears to be widespread agreement among Piagetians and non-Piagetians that common mechanisms and processes underlie the thinking of scientists and children at all times (Gauld 1990, p. 24–5).The development of this field of research demands that theoretical research be conducted regarding the possible patterns of relationship between individual and historical development, that should be integrated to comparative empirical research on diverse topics. Further studies would then be required to provide an empirical basis for the comparative research. In other words, this field of research demands the close collaboration between epistemologists, historians, science educators, and cognitive psychologists.We have suggested that the Piagetian model needs to provide a more convincing account of the differences between individual and historical development, and of the role of internal and external factors in the progress of science. We have also argued for an overcoming of the overemphasized structural aspects of the theory, and for an unambiguous concept of history.The non-Piagetian approaches have their own strength and may be developed as alternatives to the Piagetian model. However, our intention here is to emphasize their potential contribution to the development of Piaget's theory. In McCloskey and Kargon (1988) we may find hints to deal with the specificity of similarities in content. Nersessian (1987) provided an excellent insight on how to deal with Kuhn's concept of incommensurability. ⁵ In our interpretation, Carey's work suggest that considering the relation between content and development of structures may be a productive way of developing Piaget's theory.Finally, we would like to comment on the relationship between Piaget's theory and research on students' thinking in science. Both adopt a constructivist stance. However, the vast majority of researchers have developed a strong resistance to Piaget's theory (e.g. Novak 1978; Gilbert and Swift 1985). On the one hand, this resistance should be considered a natural and healthy tendency toward a pluralistic development of research in science education. On the other hand, it may be a consequence of the difficulty of Piaget's theory in coping with the main research findings on spontaneous reasoning. In short, while many researchers in science education have emphasized the persistence of children's, adolescents' and adults' alternative conceptions, Piaget's theory suggests that reaching the formal stage is a necessary condition to understand science. This contradiction will not be overcome while Piagetian researchers are not able to offer a better account of the differences between commonsense knowledge and scientific knowledge. Freed from the constraints of the Piagetian approach, research on alternative conceptions showed an amazing development during the late 70's and the 80's. ^6,7 Further progress, however, increasingly requires theoretical tools to manage the great amount of data already available, and models to explain, rather than just describe, individuals' thought. This task can be carried out from within different theoretical approaches. In Psychogenesis and the History of Science, Piaget and Garcia presented an updated and strong model for the relationship between individual and historical development. If used in an open-minded way, this model may contribute to the development of research in science education.This study was supported by Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico/Brazil.     

高职大学生社会实践协同育人机制构建的研究——以广东省部分高职院校为例

党中央国务院、广东省委先后就高校实践育人工作提出意见,和具体要求。从广东高校来看,目前许多院校社会实践育人的工作缺乏协同育人机制,育人效果欠佳。如何以中央和广东省委意见为引领,创新工作方式方法,构建高职院校社会实践教育协同育人工作机制,是值得我们思考和探索的问题。     

‘Bridging work’ and its role in improving progression and continuity: an example from science education

Science in English primary schools has been judged a success, yet few pupils make the progress in secondary schools that their performance at the end of primary school suggested. Projects where pupils start science work at the end of the primary school and complete it at the start of secondary school—known as bridging units—have been suggested as one solution. This article reports an evaluation of bridging work in science in the north‐east of England. Pupils' and teachers' views of bridging lessons were collected and data on pupils' performance before and after bridging lessons compared. Claims that pupils find this type of work repetitive and that their teachers would rather teach something else either side of transfer are challenged. Findings highlight areas that are still problematic, including the use made of transferred assessments and progression in pupils' abilities, to comment on relationships between variables and patterns in data. The future for bridging work is discussed.     

Teacher performance assessment in teacher education: an example in Malaysia

As part of a cross-cultural collaboration, a teacher performance assessment (TPA) was implemented during 2009 in three Malaysian institutes of teacher education. This paper reports on the TPA for graduating primary teachers in Malaysia. The investigation focused on the pre-service teachers’ perceptions about whether the TPA provided them with an opportunity to document successfully their professional learning and professional practice. Successful completion of the Malaysian TPA was closely aligned to successful relationships, support and collaboration between Malaysian lecturers and pre-service teachers, and between pre-service teachers and their classroom teachers. Overall, the TPA did provide pre-service teachers with an opportunity to focus on the connection between theory and professional learning during field-work, and to become reflective evidence-based practitioners. Recommendations for improving the assessment of pre-service teachers are discussed.     

利益相关者理论视域下的产学研合作教育研究——以工程管理专业为例

产学研合作教育是应用型人才培养的有效途径。利用利益相关者理论分析工程管理专业产学研合作教育的主要利益相关者,在此基础上,确定利益相关者利益诉求、合作内容及保障体系构建产学研合作教育的框架,以期为实践提供一定的理论依据。     

Science content as an important consideration in science education research

Science education researchers have, with few exceptions, not used the conceptual content of science as an important variable in their research. Writings of two groups-philosophers of science, “are concerned with the influence of the conceptual knowledge shared by an intellectual community on the activities of that community and the psychologists are concerned with the influence of the conceptual knowledge held by an individual on that individual's behavior”, science, are concerned with the influence of the conceptual knowledge shared by an intellectual community on the activities of that community and the psychologists are concerned with the influence of the conceptual knowledge held by an individual on that individual's behavior. Suggestions are offered as to what kinds of science education research could be done in which the conceptual content of science is important.