激励机制在高校学科竞赛中的作用浅析

高校学科竞赛对培养大学生的综合素质起着重要作用,在其中引入相适应的激励机制非常必要.本文根据管理学中激励理论的基本原理,结合高校学科竞赛实际情况,提出了学科竞赛激励机制的概念,从参赛学生、指导教师和二级学院三方面对学科竞赛激励机制的形成情境和实施途径进行了初步探讨,并介绍了我校相关成功经验.实践证明;完善的激励机制能够有效促进高校学科竞赛的发展,培养大学生的综合素质,提升其择业竞争力.     

学科竞赛提升大学生创新创业能力探析——以百色学院为例

学科竞赛对大学生创新创业能力的培养具有重要作用,百色学院高度重视学科竞赛工作,通过以赛促塞、以赛促学、用机制推动竞赛等方式,实现了获奖人数、层次、专业覆盖率等方面质的飞跃。在此基础上,提出了高校应以学科竞赛为抓手,形成各专业百花齐放的参赛新局面;构建学生人人参与竞赛的广谱式新体系;转变指导老师被动指导为主动指导;转化竞赛"作品"为产品,不断提升大学生的创新创业能力,提高应用型人才培养水平。     

学科竞赛提升大学生创新能力实证研究

学科竞赛是大学生创新能力培养的重要途径.通过构建结构方程模型,研究比赛对大学生创新能力培养的促进作用.实证结果显示,导师指导的正向影响最大,其次是学生参赛目的和基础水平.结合实践提出相关建议.     

认知冲突如何影响科研团队创造力？——团队韧性与团队正念的链式中介效应

技能互补、学科交叉、意愿相同等特征下形成的科研团队,在协作分工的过程中难免会产生认知冲突。文章基于社会信息处理理论与认知-情感系统理论等,构建“认知冲突-团队韧性-团队正念-团队创造力”的理论模型,探讨认知冲突对科研团队创造力的影响机制,并以陕西省八所高校的科研团队成员为研究对象进行分析。结果表明：认知冲突对科研团队创造力具有正向影响;团队韧性与团队正念分别在认知冲突与科研团队创造力中间发挥部分中介效应;团队韧性与团队正念在认知冲突与创造力之间起着链式中介效应。研究不仅拓宽了认知冲突与团队创造力的作用机制,也通过探索团队韧性与团队正念的共同作用,为认知冲突与团队创造力的影响机制提供了新的视角,对提升高校科研团队创造力具有一定的现实意义。     

基于学科竞赛的大学生创新能力培养

学科竞赛可以促使大学生养成创新性思维,增加学习动力,培养团结意识;影响大学生参赛的因素有实践能力差、经验不足、竞赛形式单一、学校支持不够和管理不科学等;提出了加强基础教育,建立激励机制,加强教师队伍建设,构建学科竞赛的成果孵化、转化体系等改进的措施,为各高校更好地应用学科竞赛培养创新型人才提供理论支持.     

"挑战杯"全国大学生课外学术科技作品竞赛现状与展望뺥

始于1989年的中国"挑战杯"全国大学生课外学术科技作品竞赛已经成为高校学科竞赛的主流赛事.参赛高校、提交作品与参赛学生人数均呈现显著增长趋势."挑战杯"让广大学生的优秀作品从学校走向社会,为社会经济的发展做出了积极贡献.竞赛主题在传统产业基础上吸纳了信息技术、能源化学等新兴产业,基本实现了领域的全覆盖.以"双一流"高校为代表的本科院校是获奖的主力军,竞赛获奖区域特征和高校分布不平衡,省际获奖项目数量差距显著,集中于高水平大学.基于此,围绕顺应市场提高作品转化率、巩固校内创新创业教育平台、建立教学科研结合指导机制,展望竞赛未来发展趋势.     

基于“教赛学一体化”的应用型高校创新人才培养内容设置研究

"教赛学一体化"是应用型高校创新人才培养的重要方式与内容之一,其中学科竞赛这种形式作为大学生第二课堂的重要环节,其优势逐渐显现,这种刺激性的科学规划安排是提高学生的积极性、培养学生应激创新思维的高效方式,学科竞赛的过程中能反应出学生解决实际问题的能力,学生都会以团队形式参赛,他们的集体精神和合作能力会得以充分发挥应用,这种形式也是其日后面临的创新创业的演练,在此过程中其实践能力能够充分展现并得到提升。     

高校科研团队创造力形成的影响机制研究——以团队知识整合能力为中介

以来自于73个高校科研团队的432名高校科研团队成员为研究对象,采用问卷调查的方法,探讨高校科研团队创造力形成的影响机制,并验证团队知识整合能力是否在其中起到中介作用。研究结果表明,任务的复杂性、任务的自主性、领导魅力、获取支持、一般异质性、专长异质性、创新支持、参与安全感和互动频率对团队创造力具有显著的正向影响;团队任务特征、团队领导特征、团队成员特征和团队过程特征对团队知识整合能力具有显著的正向影响;团队知识整合能力对团队创造力具有显著的正向影响,团队知识整合能力在团队任务特征、团队领导特征、团队过程特征与团队创造力之间起到部分中介作用,而在团队成员特征与团队创造力之间起到完全中介作用。在理论分析和实证研究的基础上,提出提升我国高校科研团队创造力的建议。     

团队特征对高校科研团队个体创造力影响的跨层次研究——以团队知识整合能力为中介变量

通过对73个高校科研团队的432名高校科研团队成员的问卷调查,运用多层线性模型进行跨层次分析,得出实证研究结果:团队任务创新性、团队创新氛围对高校科研团队个体创造力具有显著的正向影响;团队变革型领导、团队成员异质性对高校科研团队个体创造力的正向影响不显著;团队内、外部知识整合能力对高校科研团队个体创造力的正向影响显著;团队内、外部知识整合能力在团队特征因素对高校科研团队个体创造力的影响过程中起到部分中介作用。最后提出了对提升高校科研团队个体创造力的启示以及研究局限。     

基于高校学科竞赛的学生创新能力培养研究

提升本科人才的培养质量这项工作永无止境。为激发学生参与学术科研活动的积极性,培养学生的创新能力和科研能力,营造浓厚的校园学术氛围,在高校举办学科竞赛,是一种值得推广的方式。开展学科竞赛能够以赛促教,鼓励更多教师参与本科生的竞赛指导,能够以赛促学,以第二课堂方式鼓励学生主动学习。本文梳理本校的学科竞赛经验,总结学科竞赛对我校学生创新能力培养的成果,为高校同行们提供类似借鉴的经验。     

Students' Reactions to the Introduction of Videoconferencing for Classroom Instruction

This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors.     

Cooler temperatures inductive to locust outbreaks

Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007.     

Exploring Multiplexity: Social Network Structures in a Computer-Supported Distance Learning Class

A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction.     

Low doses of a red wine ingredient figh diabetes in mice

Aresearch group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol--a chemical found in the skins of red grapes and in red wine--can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin, according to a report in the October,2007 issue of Cell Metabolism. As insulin resistance is often characterized as the most critical factor contributing to the development of Type 2 diabetes, the findings“provide a potential new therapeutic approach for preventing or treating” both conditions, the researchers said.     

The Role of Intermediating Institutions in the Diffusion of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI): How Industry Associations Intervened in Denmark, Finland, and Hong Kong

Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies.     

How Electronic Publishers are Protecting Against Piracy: Doubts About Technical Systems of Protection

The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means.     

Rough Justice: A Statistical Assessment of ICANN's Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy

Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP.     

Prevalence of soft neurological signs in Chinese people

Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.     

Molecular motor assembly of a biomimetic system

Active biological molecules and functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery, disease diagnosis and therapy, and new nanodevice construction.     

Monoculture Rubber Plantations Have Negative Ef ects on Controlling Splash Erosion

<正>In Xishuangbanna,one of China’s most biodiverse regions,landscape has changed dramatically during the past three decades due to the conversion of tropical rainforest to rubber plantations.In steep areas,terraces are often constructed before planting rubber trees,which causes two important changes in the soil:the destabilization of soil in the bench terraces and the increased vulnerability of unvegetated riser faces to erosion.Few studies have documented the nature and intensity of erosion on bench terraces.Prof.LIU Wenjie and his colleagues from the Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden(XTBG)conducted a study in Menglun County(21°5′39″N,101°15′55″E),Xishuangbanna to evaluate the influence