大学物理智慧课堂实践

智慧课堂的发展需要发达的信息技术、先进的教学理念氛围、智慧型教师的培养及学生自主学习意识的支持。通过对比和分析智慧课堂与传统课堂的差异,制定大学物理智慧教学模式及智慧课堂的实施方案。以大学物理中光的干涉——薄膜干涉这节知识点为例,从课前、课中和课后三方面说明如何在课堂实践中融合信息技术进行智慧教学,并总结和归纳了智慧课堂实践中要注意的几点问题。     

论《薄膜干涉》的实践性教学

在以往的物理课教学中,有相当一部分学员感觉到物理课程太过抽象,内容偏难,对物理没有兴趣。所以,根据课程改革要求,改进物理课的教学方法和手段,把物理学知识和实际运用结合起来,成了当务之急。下面,就以《薄膜干涉》一课为例,来探讨物理课的实践性教学。     

采用绝缘体上的半导体技术制备集成的多模干涉型光耦合器和光开关

在光学系统中,SOI(绝缘体上的半导体)上制备集成的MMI(多模干涉)型光耦合器已成为一种愈来愈引人注目的无源器件.由于Si和SiO2 之间具有大的折射率差,在SOI波导中可以采用SiO2 薄膜( <1.0 μm)作限制层,这与超大规模集成电路工艺相兼容.描述了采用SOI技术制备集成的MMI型光耦合器和光开关的设计和制造结果.业已证实,2× 2MMI MZI(多模干涉 麦赫 曾德干涉)型热光开关的开关时间小于 2 0 μs.     

中国科学家揭示孔雀美丽之谜

为了解释雄性孔雀的尾部羽毛呈现出绚丽多彩的色彩,复旦大学资剑教授和刘晓晗博士的研究组,利用电子显微镜观察、光学测量以及理论模拟,研究了孔雀羽毛颜色的来源。据了解,自然界产生颜色主要途径是色素,但有些动物经过进化却选择了结构颜色,即依靠自然光与波长尺度相似的微结构的相互作用而产生颜色。牛顿第一个提出包括孔雀等鸟类的羽毛、昆虫等的颜色来源于薄膜干涉。人们也了解到许多鸟类包括孔雀的羽毛中存在有规律的周期结构,但对孔雀羽毛等颜色来源的物理机制还没有清晰的了解。与薄膜干涉不同,资剑教授和刘晓晗博士的研究发现,孔雀…     

两种圆环形干涉条纹的对比

在物理学专业学生的光学课教学过程中,牛顿环与迈克尔逊干涉形成的干涉条纹都是明暗相间的同心圆环,由此,学生们在学习时对这两种干涉的原理和条纹特点常常混淆,本文对这两种干涉进行了介绍和对比,从而有利于同学们的学习。     

迈可尔逊定域干涉的演示教学

迈可尔逊干涉实验是工科院校普通物理光学实验中非常重要的一个实验项目。为了提高这个实验的教学效果,自组了一套教学演示系统,这套系统可以演示迈可尔逊干涉实验中十字像重合、定域于无穷远的等倾干涉、定域于楔形膜表面的等厚干涉和白光干涉。通过演示,学生很容易将实验操作和实验原理联系起来,实验中就可以做到有的放矢,节省课堂时间,从而丰富教学内容。     

Matlab仿真在光学教学中的应用探析

光学实验的计算机仿真在光学教学方面引起了广大教育工作者的广泛关注。由于教学和实验需要,各种仿真方式不断出现。本文系统地探讨了利用Maltab实现光学仿真的理论和方法,并详细给出了各种仿真结果。以杨氏双缝干涉、牛顿环干涉为例,模拟出了在这两种情况下的图样、光强分布曲线。模拟结果与理论相一致,对大学物理的光学教学起到了一定的促进作用。     

对比法在薄膜物理教学中的妙用

镀膜方法及其优缺点是薄膜物理教学中的重要内容,也是本课程的一个难点。本文根据笔者多年的教学经验,初步探讨了对比法在薄膜物理教学中的妙用,使学生对本课程的内容易掌握易理解,以期能达到一个良好的教学效果。     

白光干涉的教学探讨

通过分析白光干涉的特点及应用,说明它在教学、实验中的重要性。     

融入航空航天元素的“薄膜材料与技术”课程教学探索

“薄膜材料与技术”课程是为功能材料和新能源材料与器件专业本科生开设的一门专业选修课。该文结合学校航空航天特色,从真空技术基础、薄膜气相沉积方法、薄膜生长过程及薄膜结构、薄膜表征方法、薄膜材料应用五大章节入手,根据不同内容及特点融入不同的航空航天教学元素,达到既增强学生对课程知识的兴趣和理解力,又培养学生深爱祖国、航空报国的情怀的目的。     

Students' Reactions to the Introduction of Videoconferencing for Classroom Instruction

This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors.     

Cooler temperatures inductive to locust outbreaks

Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007.     

Exploring Multiplexity: Social Network Structures in a Computer-Supported Distance Learning Class

A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction.     

The Role of Intermediating Institutions in the Diffusion of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI): How Industry Associations Intervened in Denmark, Finland, and Hong Kong

Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies.     

How Electronic Publishers are Protecting Against Piracy: Doubts About Technical Systems of Protection

The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means.     

Rough Justice: A Statistical Assessment of ICANN's Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy

Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP.     

Prevalence of soft neurological signs in Chinese people

Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.     

Monoculture Rubber Plantations Have Negative Ef ects on Controlling Splash Erosion

<正>In Xishuangbanna,one of China’s most biodiverse regions,landscape has changed dramatically during the past three decades due to the conversion of tropical rainforest to rubber plantations.In steep areas,terraces are often constructed before planting rubber trees,which causes two important changes in the soil:the destabilization of soil in the bench terraces and the increased vulnerability of unvegetated riser faces to erosion.Few studies have documented the nature and intensity of erosion on bench terraces.Prof.LIU Wenjie and his colleagues from the Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden(XTBG)conducted a study in Menglun County(21°5′39″N,101°15′55″E),Xishuangbanna to evaluate the influence     

Chinese Scientists Use Earth Observation Technologies to Study and Protect Wild Camels

<正>Chinese scientists plan to apply Earth Observation technologies to protect the critically endangered wild camels(Camelus ferus).With the help of remote sensing,satellite positioning,geographical information system and wireless sensors networks,they will be able to access the distribution and population of the wild camels and protect their habitats.The project will be carried out by the International Research Center for Wild Camel Conservation,which was jointly established earlier this year by the Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth(RADI)of the Chinese     

More than Skin Deep – Understand Skin Biology by Means of Dermatogenomics

<正>The Paul Gerson Unna Research Group on Dermatogenomics was founded in October 2012 at the Partner Institute for Computational Biology.The ultimate goal of the group is to understand the biology of skin and skin appendages.