第八届中国科技政策与管理学术年会暨研究会理事会会议第二轮通知

改革开放促进了中国科技和创新的飞速发展,推动经济和社会的不断发展。在未来深化改革开放的背景下,面向国家发展新的战略需求,中国的科技和创新需要更上一个台阶,进一步发挥先导和引领作用,促进经济发展方式的转变,引领和推进中国可持续发展和社会建设,不断提高国家的实力和竞争力。     

桥梁工程项目的前景和管理

当前桥梁工程界面临着巨大的洗牌热,明显的优胜劣汰严重威胁着许多企业和个人的发展乃至生存,已经存在良性循环和恶性循环的许多现象.经过近期观察和分析,特作以上判断和理解,就自身具体施工基层提出些看法和建议,以资自勉和分享.     

城市尺度的金属存量分析——以邯郸市2005年钢铁和铝存量为例

城市经济系统的物质存量和流量研究,有助于制定合理的资源战略、产业政策和环境政策。本文以邯郸市行政区为系统边界,采用自下而上方法对邯郸市截至2005年底的钢铁和铝的存量进行了调查研究,给出了钢铁和铝的使用规模和强度,计算了邯郸市钢铁和铝的总存量及其分布情况,并与北京和美国NewHaven市的钢铁存量进行了对比分析。结果表明：截至2005年底,邯郸市使用中的钢铁存量为1333kg／人,约为北京的1,2,美国NewHaven市的1／7,最大存量来自于建筑,占总存量的66．6％,其次是基础设施和和交通系统,分别占19．7％和7．9％;铝存量为19．6kg／人,其中建筑铝存量占61．5％,基础设施存量为4.1％,交通系统存量为24．4％;铝的人均存量约为钢铁的1／68。     

大学生社会契合度分析

中国高校学生是一个庞大的群体,大学生面临各种压力和激烈竞争,社会必须对他们加以关注,引导他们能和社会保持相对的协调和同步,以更好的适应和融入社会。通过运用契合度和相离度两个指标,对大学生和社会的关系进行分析,表明需要进一步促进大学生和社会互动,大学生的思考和行为也促使我们必须关注某些曾经忽视的重要问题。     

解读无彩色及浊色在空间环境配饰色彩设计中的作用

色彩用于空间环境,如果处理得当,可获得丰富的效果,如:能更好地体现建筑物的性质和功能要求,并具有空间导向、空间识别和安全标志等作用;可改善建筑内部空间和实体的某些不良形象和尺度,是调节室内空间形象和空间过渡的有效手段;可使空间带有积极和消极的表情,利     

浅谈公路路基的施工与管理

路基的性能和寿命是和路面使用和寿命联系在一起的,而路基的施工和管理又决定了路基的性能和寿命,因此路基在设计、施工和管理上都应该要按照规范执行,这样才能确保路基的质量,保证路面的正常使用,延长使用寿命。     

科学构建高校、校友及用人单位之间的良性互动

高校和企事业单位的合作将越来越广泛,高校和用人单位由于有校友的牵线搭桥,其合作将成为高校和企事业单位合作的主体,科学构建高校、校友及用人单位之间的良性互动,将极大地提高我国高校和用人单位的技术创新能力,形成以高校和用人单位为主、市场和需求为导向、产学研用相结合的技术创新体系,将更有利于培养高素质、实践能力强、具有创新能力的应用型人才。     

人与自然矛盾的深度解析和现实出路

人与自然的矛盾是近年来社会各界普遍关注和不懈探索的热点话题。以往正反两方面的经验教训说明,引发和激化矛盾的主要原因是人类的理念错误和行为失当。因此,直面矛盾的客观性,深入分析矛盾的成因、性质和特征,探索具有现实针对性和可操作性的对策和措施,才是对待矛盾应有的科学态度和走出矛盾困境的合理途径。     

如何防治木马病毒对注册表计算机病毒的入侵

随着计算机和网络技术的迅猛发展和广泛应用,人们充分享受到了互联网给其工作和生活带来的巨大便利,人类社会对计算机系统和信息网络的依赖性也越来越大。然而据报道,世界各国遭受计算机病毒感染和攻击的事件数以亿计,严重地干扰了正常的人类社会生活,给计算机网络和系统带来了巨大的潜在威胁和破坏,将恶意代码写入注册表,是计算机病毒对计算机系统造成破坏和危害的常用方式。通过监控和修改注册表,可以达到防御和清除计算机病毒,保护计算机系统安全的目的。     

在保险业全面开放的形势下如何实施保险监管

随着我国保险业的全面开放,我国保险市场将出现许多新的变化,面对这些变化,监管人员的理论水平和业务素质必须不断提高,提高依法行政能力和水平,加强和改进保险监管方式和方法,有效防范和化解保险风险,维护我国金融体系的安全稳定运行和保险人利益。     

Students' Reactions to the Introduction of Videoconferencing for Classroom Instruction

This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors.     

Cooler temperatures inductive to locust outbreaks

Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007.     

Exploring Multiplexity: Social Network Structures in a Computer-Supported Distance Learning Class

A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction.     

The Role of Intermediating Institutions in the Diffusion of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI): How Industry Associations Intervened in Denmark, Finland, and Hong Kong

Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies.     

How Electronic Publishers are Protecting Against Piracy: Doubts About Technical Systems of Protection

The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means.     

Rough Justice: A Statistical Assessment of ICANN's Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy

Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP.     

Prevalence of soft neurological signs in Chinese people

Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.     

Monoculture Rubber Plantations Have Negative Ef ects on Controlling Splash Erosion

<正>In Xishuangbanna,one of China’s most biodiverse regions,landscape has changed dramatically during the past three decades due to the conversion of tropical rainforest to rubber plantations.In steep areas,terraces are often constructed before planting rubber trees,which causes two important changes in the soil:the destabilization of soil in the bench terraces and the increased vulnerability of unvegetated riser faces to erosion.Few studies have documented the nature and intensity of erosion on bench terraces.Prof.LIU Wenjie and his colleagues from the Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden(XTBG)conducted a study in Menglun County(21°5′39″N,101°15′55″E),Xishuangbanna to evaluate the influence     

Chinese Scientists Use Earth Observation Technologies to Study and Protect Wild Camels

<正>Chinese scientists plan to apply Earth Observation technologies to protect the critically endangered wild camels(Camelus ferus).With the help of remote sensing,satellite positioning,geographical information system and wireless sensors networks,they will be able to access the distribution and population of the wild camels and protect their habitats.The project will be carried out by the International Research Center for Wild Camel Conservation,which was jointly established earlier this year by the Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth(RADI)of the Chinese     

More than Skin Deep – Understand Skin Biology by Means of Dermatogenomics

<正>The Paul Gerson Unna Research Group on Dermatogenomics was founded in October 2012 at the Partner Institute for Computational Biology.The ultimate goal of the group is to understand the biology of skin and skin appendages.