Extending the apprenticeship of observation: how mentee experiences shape mentors

Although the importance of mentor teachers in clinical teacher preparation is well established, few researchers explore the social identity development of these individuals. Through our study we contribute to the body of research by exploring mentor teachers’ social identity development through the concept of Apprenticeship of Observation – specifically, how they felt their own mentoring experiences influenced their approaches to mentoring. The multi-case study includes findings about mentoring beliefs and practices during the laboratory school component of an Alternate Route to Licensure program. Incorporating semi-structured interviews and video analysis, the findings demonstrate how four mentor teachers’ prior experiences as mentees – including Alternate Route to Licensure, traditional teacher preparation programs, and inservice teaching – influenced their interactions with teacher candidates as mentors. Recommendations for practice and implications for future research are provided.     

Undergraduate research experiences support science career decisions and active learning

The present study examined the reliability of student evaluations of summer undergraduate research experiences using the SURE (Survey of Undergraduate Research Experiences) and a follow-up survey disseminated 9 mo later. The survey further examines the hypothesis that undergraduate research enhances the educational experience of science undergraduates, attracts and retains talented students to careers in science, and acts as a pathway for minority students into science careers. Undergraduates participated in an online survey on the benefits of undergraduate research experiences. Participants indicated gains on 20 potential benefits and reported on career plans. Most of the participants began or continued to plan for postgraduate education in the sciences. A small group of students who discontinued their plans for postgraduate science education reported significantly lower gains than continuing students. Women and men reported similar levels of benefits and similar patterns of career plans. Undergraduate researchers from underrepresented groups reported higher learning gains than comparison students. The results replicated previously reported data from this survey. The follow-up survey indicated that students reported gains in independence, intrinsic motivation to learn, and active participation in courses taken after the summer undergraduate research experience.     

Undergraduate experiences of the research/teaching nexus across the whole student lifecycle

ABSTRACT

There is currently much interest in the interconnections between research and teaching in Higher Education. This relationship is usually termed ‘the research/teaching nexus’ (RTN). However, within this wide body of literature, there has been little attempt to explore the emergent experiences of students across the entire length of their degree programme. Drawing on the results of a three-year qualitative study that followed 40 students through their whole student lifecycle, this paper explores how undergraduates in an English university experienced the RTN, how those experiences developed over time, and how these changes can be variously enabled or constrained. Situating the findings in the context of the ‘post-truth’ society and the uncertainty of employment futures, the paper highlights how the nexus can also often serve to exclude students as much as it includes.     

瑞士学徒培训制度的新模式

20世纪90年代以来,瑞士对传统的学徒培训制度进行改革,实现了学徒培训制度从双元制模式到三元制模式、从封闭结业式到开放深造式的转变;改革后的瑞士学徒培训制度的新形式顺应瑞士新兴的高新技术产业,特别是信息产业对技术人才的培养要求,有利于保证学徒的培养质量;高等职业学院的建立和职业会考制度的创设,顺应了学徒追求高学历的愿望,使得逐渐失去对青年人吸引力的学徒培训制度获得了新的生机。     

Undergraduate science research: a comparison of influences and experiences between premed and non-premed students

Most students participating in science undergraduate research (UR) plan to attend either medical school or graduate school. This study examines possible differences between premed and non-premed students in their influences to do research and expectations of research. Questionnaire responses from 55 premed students and 80 non-premed students were analyzed. No differences existed in the expectations of research between the two groups, but attitudes toward science and intrinsic motivation to learn more about science were significantly higher for non-premed students. Follow-up interviews with 11 of the students, including a case study with one premed student, provided explanation for the observed differences. Premed students, while not motivated to learn more about science, were motivated to help people, which is why most of them are pursuing medicine. They viewed research as a way to help them become doctors and to rule out the possibility of research as a career. Non-premed students participated in research to learn more about a specific science topic and gain experience that may be helpful in graduate school research. The difference in the reasons students want to do UR may be used to tailor UR experiences for students planning to go to graduate school or medical school.     

高职学生管理工作在现代学徒制模式下的探讨

现代学徒制是一种把工作与教育相结合的教学模式,而高职是以培养技能型人才满足社会需求为目标的,本文主要针对学生管理工作进行探讨,旨在提高学生的自我管理和实现人才培养的目的。     

Bodily experiences in secondary school biology

This is a study of teaching about the human body. It is based on transcribed material from interviews with 15-year-old students and teachers about their experiences of sex education and from recordings of classroom interactions during a dissection. The analysis is focused on the relationship between what students are supposed to learn about the biological body and their expressed experiences and meaning making of bodies in the schoolwork. The results indicate that the negotiations associated with the encounters between the bodies of the classroom (student, teacher, and animal bodies) are important for what directions meaning making takes and what students are afforded to learn about bodies, biologically as well as in terms of values. We suggest that these negotiations should be taken into account at schools, be regarded as an important part of the learning processes in science education and in that way open up for new possibilities for students’ meaning making.     

The collaborative apprenticeship model: Situated professional development within school settings

Professional learning is a social enterprise where peers rely on the expertise and support of one another to adopt innovative practices. Reciprocal interactions in a community of practice, where teachers take responsibility for each other's learning and development, may provide an effective means of supporting situated professional learning. We propose a collaborative apprenticeship model featuring reciprocal interactions as an approach to promote professional development, encouraging peer-teachers to serve as modelers and coaches of strategies and ideas aimed at improving instruction. collaborative apprenticeship is designed to help teachers learn and implement new teaching skills and strategies through four development phases, beginning with implementation of best practices from a mentor to the development of their own. Teachers, in turn, contribute new ideas to their teaching environment and become future mentors in order to sustain skills and strategies across a community of teachers. In addition to the model, we discuss various influences related to affect, beliefs, environment, culture, cognition, and personality that characterize the nature of reciprocal interactions in order to stimulate collaborative apprenticeship.     

Application of cognitive apprenticeship model to a graduate course in performance systems analysis: A case study

This article reports a case study describing how the principles of a cognitive apprenticeship (CA) model developed by Collins, Brown, and Holum (1991) were applied to a graduate course on performance systems analysis (PSA), and the differences this application made in student performance and evaluation of the course compared to the previous semester. I analyzed the requirements for the CA learning environment and identified the contributions of instructor, students, and the course based on those requirments. I then applied the findings to create an authentic learning environment based on CA principles. In this case the students became performance consultants, immersed in practical application of the PSA content and methodology to authentic organizational performance issues provided by real clients. Finally, I compare student evaluation of the course to student evaluations in the previous semester, and report their responses to a set of open-ended questions concerning the application of CA principles.     

Examining power,knowledge and power relations in a science research apprenticeship

Cultural Studies of Science Education - The science laboratory is a politically entrenched space where complex power relations interplay while social agents learn about the rules and routines to...     

谈学生生活经验在教学中的应用

学生在日常的生活和实践活动中积累了丰富的经验，这是一种珍贵的教学资源。善于发现、挖掘和利用这些生活经验，对提高学生的学习兴趣，引导学生深入理解和应用生物学知识都有着积极的意义。     

基于混合式学习的细胞生物学课程教学设计

混合式学习方法从学生个性化需求的角度组织课堂教学,既体现当前大学教育的人本化,又突出信息时代细胞生物学课程的特征.该教学方法结合了传统课堂教学和网络在线学习的优势,可显著提高学生对抽象、枯燥的细胞生物学教学知识点的学习效率.文章结合细胞生物学课程教学的实践,提出针对该课程的基于混合式学习的教学设计.     

学徒制教育模式在高职艺术设计类专业中的适用性研究

随着社会经济的发展,对高技能的人力需求量逐渐增大。高职学校是培养人才的重要机构,艺术设计类专业的学生毕业后主要是从事室内设计、广告设计和房地产设计等方面的工作,要求学生需要具备较强的专业知识和设计技能,为了确保学生专业技能和专业水平的提升,需要将学徒制教育模式融入到教学中来,有助于强化学生的理解能力。该种教学方法与艺术设计类专业的教学方法具有一致性,有助于确保艺术设计类专业的学生取得良好的学习效果。本文对学徒制教育模式进行简要概述,对学徒制教育模式在高职艺术设计类专业中的适用性进行系统的分析,提出了高职艺术设计类专业实施学徒制教育模式的意义。     

Blog在生物学教学和科研中的应用

关于blog，有人认为是个人网站，有人说是个人日记。其实blog是Weblog的简称，翻译成“网络日志”，简称“网志”。写网志的人被称为博客（Blogger）。     

浅谈探究式学习在生物实验教学中的运用

随着教育、教学改革的不断深入,改变学生的学习方式,倡导和探索探究性学习,无疑是信息时代对学校教育要求的体现,是培养学生创新精神和创新能力的一种新的尝试和实践。所以在生物学教学活动中,教师要多给学生创设主动参与的机会。学生只有注重实践并积极地参与到实践中,才能在理解的基础上构建创造力。     

寻找有效反思点 培养学生反思能力

本文总结了课堂教学中引导学生在常态学习、主干知识学习、还原思考过程、最近发展区、活动体验等几个方面寻找反思点的具体做法，为帮助学生进行有效反思、培养反思能力提供依据。     

Modelling the Invisible: The pedagogy of craft apprenticeship

While conventional wisdom has long held that skill is transmitted through modelling and practical example, the traditional "master"-apprentice relationship represents a mode of pedagogy that is no longer deemed viable in modern workplaces where continuous change is the norm. The paper reports on data obtained from observation of formal apprenticeships in cabinet making, an old traditional craft. Following Michael Polanyi and Basil Bernstein, the structure of craft knowledge is examined in order to understand why tacit pedagogic transmission constitutes the essence of apprenticeship and how the asymmetrical relation between master and apprentice provides the basis of tacit pedagogy.     

美国研究型大学本科教育改革透视

近 1 0年来 ,美国研究型大学超越通识教育与专业教育之争 ,开始建构以研究为本的本科教育。合作性、问题性和实践性构成本科教育新范式的三个维度 ,并由此引发了研究型大学课程体系的创新     

The equal correlation baseline model: Comment and constructive alternatives

Rigdon (this issue) proposes a new “null” (or baseline) model (M₌) for computing incremental fit indices in which all measured variables are equally correlated as compared to the traditional null model (M₀) in which all measured variables are uncorrelated. Whereas it is clear that the use of M₌ results in different values than M₀, there is little evidence to suggest that M₌ is more useful than M₀ and some evidence suggesting that it might be less useful. General concerns with M₌ include (a) the problem of negatively oriented variables, (b) an apparently illusory sense of greater discrimination, (c) standards for an “acceptable” model, (d) the use of M₌ to control method or halo effects, and (e) potential usefulness of M₌ as a basis of statistical inference. Whereas the disadvantages of this new null model apparently outweigh potential advantages, a constructive compromise would retain M₀ as the traditional null model but place more emphasis on the comparative fit of alternative models within a nested (or partially nested) sequence that could include M₌.