运动、太极、太极拳即变化

运动即变化,太极即变化。太极拳即变化之拳。太极拳运动就是要把种种变化在拳中演练出来。太极拳以拳为形式,其目的在于要达到“太极”状态。拳是小“道”,“太极”是大“道”,习拳明理,以小“道”通大“道”,是太极拳最重要的意义。变化即是太极、太极拳最根本的意义。误解了太极拳“变化”的真意,只会将太极拳引入歧途。     

费德勒的十年三变

“如果网球过度追求更高更快更强,那就是一种对网球的破坏。”这句话一直记不清是谁说的了,但每当我看到费德勒在草地上挥动球拍时,总感觉这就是场上这人此刻的心声。     

男子游泳运动员血清转铁蛋白受体与Hb、SF等指标的变化规律及相关性研究

受试者为游泳项目的长距离组男子运动员,在一个五周的中等周期的训练中,研究其转铁蛋白受体(sTfR)、铁蛋白(SF)、肌酸激酶(CK)、血红蛋白(Hb)的变化规律及其相关性.研究发现:受试者的Hb出现显著降低的情况,SF随着负荷的增加而升高,sTfR在训练周期中有伴随Hb降低而降低的趋势,但只有在大负荷训练周后与训练前相比有显著性;SF与sTfR呈负相关,运动员的SF与CK有较高的相关性,Hb与sTfR呈正相关.表明在这一中等周期训练中,sTfR能够反映Hb的变化,SF与sTfR呈负相关.     

2020东京奥运会项目变动的特征、影响与启示——兼谈奥运会项目设置的演变趋势

奥运会是世界体育发展的风向标和展示窗口。进入21世纪,奥运会举办成本不断攀升,让许多申办国望而却步,同时,还有许多新项目期盼能够跻身于规模庞大的奥林匹克舞台。研究采用文献资料等方法对夏季奥运会项目设置的演变历程和2020东京奥运会项目设置的变动特征进行梳理,探讨2020东京奥运会项目变化对我国奥运战略的影响。研究认为,2020东京奥运会项目变动具有如下特征:项目设置规模空前、注重吸纳新潮运动项目、重视利益相关者;对我国奥运战略的直接影响是既增设了一些有利于我国运动员夺牌的优势项目,也增设了一些竞争对手的优势项目。间接影响,是有助于重塑国家体育形象,传统体育项目受到削弱但新兴体育项目拓展迎来机遇。基于此,研究从政策设计、人才选用、保障措施等角度提出建议。     

论民族传统体育文化的变迁、转型与未来走向

历史发展表明,民族传统体育文化的变迁、转型和未来发展趋势,已经构成了当代社会体育文化的基本发展主题之一。本文认为,民族传统体育的发展,关键是要找到民族传统体育文化在面对未来的发展变化中新的生长点,以此去培育文化新质,使民族传统体育文化在这种新质的培育过程中得到改造和变迁,促成传统与新质的相互吸收、融会和整合,并在转型中促进民族传统体育文化由传统向未来发展的演变。     

大负荷运动引起的大鼠心肌收缩力变化及其与心肌自由基、钙离子水平的关系

目的:获取大负荷跑台运动引起大鼠心肌收缩力动态性变化的信息,总结其变化特征,探讨其变化与心肌自由基、钙离子水平的关系。方法:成年雄性SD大鼠32只,随机分为空白对照组(A组)、运动后即刻组(B组)、运动后3 h组(C组)与运动后24 h组(D组)。运动心力监测仪监测D组大鼠运动前与运动后不同时相的心力信号。测定血清cTnI浓度;测定心肌SOD活性、MDA含量与Ca2+浓度。结果:第一心音幅值在运动后即刻已有下降,随后连续多时相显著低于运动前水平,至运动后24 h时完全恢复。运动引起血清cTnI浓度显著升高,引起心肌SOD活性显著下降、MDA含量显著升高与Ca2+浓度显著升高;上述变化均以C组最明显。结论:大负荷运动引起大鼠心肌收缩力下降,以运动后恢复期最明显,但为可逆性;心肌收缩力下降可能与心肌自由基增多、钙超载有关。     

Comparison of support leg kinetics between side-step and cross-step cutting techniques

The purpose of this study was to investigate differences in the support leg joint moment and moment power between side-step (SS) and cross-step (CS) cutting techniques with a prescribed 90° cutting angle. Ground reaction forces (1,000 Hz) and three-dimensional kinematics (250 Hz) of SS and CS cutting techniques were collected from 20 male college athletes. Normalised peak knee extension moment was larger in the SS technique than in the CS technique (0.40 ± 0.10 in SS; 0.26 ± 0.08 in CS). In the SS technique, the knee extensors ( ? 0.10 ± 0.06 in SS; ? 0.02 ± 0.04 in CS) and ankle plantarflexors ( ? 0.12 ± 0.05 in SS; ? 0.07 ± 0.03 in CS) did significantly more negative work (normalised). The direction change angle (40.5 ± 8.7° in SS; 33.0 ± 6.8° in CS) and the decrease in horizontal velocity of the centre of mass ( ? 0.63 ± 0.23 m/s in SS; ? 0.31 ± 0.23 m/s in CS) were significantly larger in the SS technique. These results suggest that the SS technique is an effective means of changing running direction at the expense of velocity of the centre of mass and that the CS technique is better for minimising the reduction in horizontal velocity of the centre of mass.     

Physical Activity for Lent: Changes in and Associations Between Religiosity,Enjoyment, Motivation,and Physical Activity

ABSTRACT

Purpose: Given the unequal distribution of physical activity (PA) opportunities across middle schools, alternative options for promoting it should be explored. Faith-based schools are positioned to offer religious-themed PA interventions, yet few have been reported. We replicated previous research by investigating the effects of the Physical Activity for Lent (PAL) program on change in step count (ΔPA) and its associations with religiosity, enjoyment, and motivation (four subscales). Method: Over the 6-week Lenten season, three Catholic middle schools’ students (n = 128) participated in a randomly allocated controlled crossover trial of a pedometer-based virtual journey that followed Jesus’s life path. We used the Reliable Change Index (RCI), general linear mixed models, and logistic regression to identify changes (pre- to post-Lent) in the independent variables, and their association with ΔPA overall and of being in the highest ΔPA tertile. Results: Between 11.6% (religiosity) and 34.7% (external regulation) of participants’ scores changed. School (School 3 > Schools 1 and 2 by ~2,400 steps/day, p < .001) and grade (6th grade > 7th and 8th grades by ~2,500 steps/day, p < .001) – but not religiosity, enjoyment, or motivation – were significant predictors of ΔPA. As RCI for intrinsic motivation and identified regulation increased, students were more (OR = 2.49) and less (OR = 0.74) likely, respectively, to be in the high ΔPA tertile. Conclusion: Desirable ΔPA was situational (i.e., school, grade) and highest ΔPA tertile was associated with autonomous motivation. Faith-based PA interventions may need to include additional components to realize even greater gains.     

相邻法律变化与《体育法》修改完善研究

体育法律关系的复杂性及修改的非同步性使得《体育法》与相邻法律存在不协调,体育法的独立地位受到威胁。从法律体系协同的角度对《体育法》存在的问题进行分析,提出了修改与完善《体育法》的具体思路：妥善处理体育权与健康权及教育权以促使相邻法律协同;调整学校体育部分教育方针表述等相关条文;删除群众性体育活动开展主体与政府群众性活动责任相关内容;据体育的特点增加国外体育非政府组织管理等有关条文。     

社会学视野下的运动员角色转换方式、问题与对策

从社会学的研究视角出发,以角色冲突理论为理论依据,归纳了运动员社会角色扮演冲突的类型及其主要特征,分析了运动员角色转换的方式,即纵向转换和横向转换的特点,并就运动员角色转换过程中出现的各种心理矛盾提出了相应的解决对策.     

网络改变艺术 艺术改变生活

“网络彻底改变了我的收藏生活”．艺超网论坛书画版主子夜人．在谈到网络的时候难掩兴奋。有30多年收藏经历的他．自2001年左右开始接触网络。他获得收藏信息和交友的主要途径发生了很大改变。子夜人说．在网上认识的网友遍布全国各地,都成了现实中的好朋友。     

运动员停训后心肺功能、能量代谢和骨骼肌代谢的变化

通过对短期停训引起运动员心肺功能、能量代谢及骨骼肌机能代谢等方面的变化进行分析,表明运动员停训两周即可出现其功能的显著变化,并且随着停训时间的延长,这些变化更为明显,从而影响到运动成绩。因此,要充分注意运动员在停训期各系统机能代谢的变化规律,有效地降低这些变化对运动成绩的负面影响。     

Changes in ankle work,foot work,and tibialis anterior activation throughout a long run

Background:The ankle and foot together contribute to over half of the positive and negative work performed by the lower limbs during running.Yet,little is known about how foot kinetics change throughout a run.The amount of negative foot work may decrease as tibialis anterior(TA)electromyography(EMG) changes throughout longer-duration runs.Therefore,we examined ankle and foot work as well as TA EMG changes throughout a changing-speed run.Methods:Fourteen heel-striking subjects ran on a treadmill ...     

我国优秀游泳运动员途中游速度、划频、划幅变化的研究

竞技游泳途中游的速度取决于划频和划幅两个因素。通过实验观测和比较,分析了我国最高水平游泳运动员成绩及途中游速度、划频、划幅的现状与变化情况,并结合身材、动作效率等因素,对如何调控划频、划幅以促进我国游泳运动员水平的进一步提高提出了参考意见。     

上海市第五次国民体质监测：概况、变化与关注

国民体质监测是全面了解、掌握国民体质现状和变化规律，有力推进“健康中国2030”建设进程，科学制定新周期全民健身实施计划的重要调查制度。总结归纳上海市第五次国民体质监测的概况，从人群年龄范围、体质检测指标、数据采集方式三方面重点阐述并分析本次监测内容的主要变化，最后引出园外活动对幼儿体质影响，超重肥胖的评估方法，成年人、老年人的肌肉力量作为近期值得关注的体质问题。     

少年在亚极量、极量负荷运动下血中MDA、GSH、SOD和CAT的变化

为了探讨不同运动对机体自由基代谢和抗氧化酶的影响 ,采用跑台提供运动负荷 ,对 48名少年进行了安静、亚极量负荷和极量负荷下血浆中丙二醛 (MDA)、还原型谷胱甘肽 (GSH)、超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)和过氧化氢酶 (CAT)的测定。结果发现 ,MDA在极量和亚极量运动负荷下极显著地高于安静时 ,极量负荷下又极明显地高于亚极量负荷时 ;全血中 GSH在两种负荷下均比安静时显著下降 ,但两种负荷间无明显差异 ;SOD的活力在两种负荷运动下显著高于安静状态时 ,极量负荷下虽高于亚极量负荷时 ,但无明显差异 ;CAT在亚极量负荷下其活力比安静时有所降低 ,但不显著 ,而在极量负荷下非常显著地高于安静和亚极量负荷状态时。     

Relationship between three-dimensional kinematics of knee and trunk motion during shuttle run cutting

Abstract

Female athletes are considered to exhibit knee and trunk motion that is characteristic of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. The aim of this study was to examine the in vivo motion of the trunk and knee during a cutting manoeuvre and determine the relationship between them. All participants (10 male and 10 female college athletes) performed a shuttle run cutting task with the left limb. Trunk inclination (forward and lateral) and knee joint angles (flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, and internal/external tibial rotation) were calculated. Differences between the sexes and associations between knee motion and trunk inclination were examined. An increase in trunk forward inclination was strongly correlated with an increase in knee flexion angle and moderately correlated with a decrease in the excursion of internal tibial rotation. An increase in right trunk lateral inclination was moderately correlated with an increase in excursion of internal tibial rotation. The results also showed differences between the sexes in trunk forward inclination, lateral inclination, and knee flexion angle, but no such differences in knee abduction or internal tibial rotation. Trunk inclination is related to knee flexion and excursion of internal tibial rotation. Female athletes demonstrate a low trunk forward inclination and knee flexion angle, a posture that resembles that of ACL injury.