A comparative study on language teacher educators’ ideal identities in China: more than just finding a middle ground

This paper reports on a comparative study that investigates English language teacher educators’ ideal identities from the dual perspectives of language teachers and teacher educators in China. Drawing on data from focus and individual interviews, the findings of the study reveal a range of identities such as ‘practical expert,’ ‘model’ and ‘learner,’ which were perceived by the two parties (i.e. the languages teachers and teacher educators) as pivotal for an ideal language teacher educator. On the other hand, the two parties held differing views about some identities such as ‘researcher’ and ‘scholar’ due to the contextual influences in the higher education context. The study offers some useful implications for teacher educators to develop their professional identities and improve their effectiveness in educating teachers.     

The hollowed-out university? A critical analysis of changing institutional and academic norms in UK higher education

This article argues that UK universities are at risk from a process of ‘hollowing out’ – that is, of becoming institutions with no distinctive social role and no ethical raison d'etre – and that this is a process which undermines the possibilities for meaningful institutional and academic identities. It begins with a condensed, and necessarily partial, review of recent UK higher education policy trends to indicate the historical context and direction of change and to highlight the growing separation of management and academic agendas and the linked rise in gloss and spin compared to academic substance. In the remainder of this article we focus on the normative dimension of these changes and unpack their implications for the nature of the university and of academic work. In so doing, we illustrate the breadth and depth of the threat posed by ‘hollowed-out’ universities, indicate alternative, more positive currents and call for a ‘re-valuation’ of the UK university.     

论高等教育的社会导向与学术导向

高等教育的社会导向,以社会为本,注重满足社会现实需要;高等教育的学术导向,以学术为本,注重人类精神理性的满足。高等教育主要受外在动力和内在驱力影响,使得社会导向和学术导向常常此消彼长。高等教育社会导向的哲学基础是政治论,高等教育学术导向的哲学基础是认识论。高等教育的社会导向与学术导向的关系是相辅相成的,两者必须携手并进。     

区域视角下高等教育质量保障体系建设研究

各地经济和社会发展需要对当地多样的高等教育发展提出了不同的要求,也迫切需要建构完善的具有地方色彩的区域高等教育质量保障体系。文章首先在借鉴国外高等教育质量保障体系的基础上,从动态性和整体性的角度对其进行理解;并从区域经济发展的需要入手,以地方政府的评价来促进整体的、区域高等教育质量保障体系建构的角度,呈现高等教育质量保障体系建构方面的思考。     

我国社会第二次转型与高等教育秩序重建

社会转型要求高等教育秩序发生相应变革。在以GDP增长主义为导向的中国社会第一次转型中,我国高等教育秩序面临失序之困局,其表征为高等教育价值失落,高等教育结构失衡,高等教育制度失范。中国社会已开启以促进人的发展为目标的第二次转型,应重树高等教育价值、重整高等教育结构、重建高等教育制度,并以此重建高等教育秩序。     

阶层背景对大学生学业成就影响的实证分析

学业成就不单指学习成绩,还包括学业机会本身与工作搜寻结果。基于问卷调查所得数据,在高等教育起点、过程与结果三个时间点动态考察了阶层背景对大学生学业成就的影响。实证结果表明:阶层背景对大学生学业机会获得和工作搜寻结果施加正向影响,对过程学业成就即学习成绩有着负向影响,阶层背景影响大学生学业成就的根本原因在于各社会阶层拥有各类资本的巨大差异。高等教育扩招不能有效阻止阶层差距的扩大,相反,学业成就差异将阶层差异合法化,高等教育成为一种阶层再生产的机制。     

“四维一体”教学质量保障体系的构建与实践

文章从影响高等教育教学质量的主要因素和教学质量管理的基本要素出发,论述教学质量保障体系的构建。认为以学生成才意愿和教师教育理想为动力,构建师生良性互动的学术共同体;以学术权力为引领、行政权力为保障,构建教育教学质量管理制度和运行机制,最终建立学生意愿、教师理想、学术权力、行政权力\"四维一体\"的人才培养质量保障体系,以有效保障并提高本科教学质量。     

多学科视野下的高职教育社会适应性研究

文章根据经济变化的多元性、技术升级的快速性、社会结构的复杂性与综合性以及产业结构的流变性,提出了从多学科视野研究高职院校人才培养的社会适应性问题,以有利于高职教育的协调发展。     

高校分类:高等教育多样性发展的重要导向

高等教育多样性发展是高等教育进入大众化阶段后一个重要的实践课题,并且与高校分类有着很大的关联。从国际经验看,建立科学的高等学校分类体系,能指导和引领高校健康、有序地发展。本文针对我国高校分类研究与实践脱节的现状进行了思考,认为高等院校只有合理定位自身的学术使命,才能在个性化发展中办出自身的特色。     

学年制、学年学分制、学分制的比较分析

文章通过对高校学年制、学年学分制、学分制三种教育体制的涵义、特征、产生的背景、优缺点等几方面的比较分析,认为在高校推行学分制势在必行,并提出了实施学分制必须解决的问题及相关对策。     

Working with ‘necessary contradictions’: a social realist meta-analysis of an academic development programme review

This article addresses the problem of making programme evaluation sufficiently meaningful and cognisant of context such that practitioners, in this case of academic development, can gain new understandings of their situation in order to improve their practice. In order to do this, the paper uses Archer's morphogenetic framework to deepen the methodology of academic review on an academic development programme. The theory enables a richer understanding of how the programme developed within particular national and institutional situational logics and of the relationships between structure, culture and agency.     

“嵌入”与“破局”：疫情背景下我国国际科研合作关系的延续与创新

本研究分析了2016—2021年我国国际科研合作的特点与趋势。通过对中国学者国际合作文章发表数据的描述性分析和对参与国际合作的18位中国学者的访谈,分析了疫情背景下中国国际科研合作在伙伴国家、合作学科、合作模式等方面的趋势,探讨了影响我国建立和保持国际科研合作关系的因素。研究发现,中美合作势头较之十年前有所放缓,中国与“一带一路”国家的科研合作增长较快,且学科分布较为广泛。“优先依附”与“同质性”是中国与传统科研伙伴合作的重要机制,新的国际局势和新冠疫情制约了中国学者新型国际合作关系的建立,影响程度与其合作关系的来源和强度有关。未来中国可将“一带一路”国家作为国际科研合作的增长点,着力提升对关键合作要素的贡献,建立跨国合作“退潮”的防御机制,以应对新形势下所可能面临的风险与挑战。     

对高等学校由学年制到学分制转变的思考

本文从当前我国高等教育学年制存在的问题入手,通过对学年制和学分制的比较,深入分析高等教育管理由学年制向学分制转变过程中的问题和原因,从完善管理体制、机制和制度等方面提出了高校推行学分制的对策与措施。     

Students’ continuity norms in the university and exam calendar: do they affect university academic performance? / Normas de permanencia y calendario de exámenes: ¿afectan al rendimiento académico universitario?

Students’ academic performance is a key factor in evaluating the efficiency and quality of university degree programmes. Not only do personal characteristics and the students’ own performance affect these results, but so does the university’s academic organization. Based on a database that contains the overall results by course and exam period in three different degree programmes from 2007–15, we estimate what external factors influenced the percentages of students sitting for and passing exams. The analysis of the data panel shows that the order of the exams and the students’ continuity norms established by the university to penalize failing grades are two incentives that improve student performance only in the ordinary exam periods. These results also imply first keeping the incentive system at the university and secondly strategically using the exam calendar for the courses with the worst overall results.