‘Boys don’t rule us’: exploring Rwandan girls with disabilities’ resistance to masculine dominance in school

Although a great deal of previous literature has explored the ways in which social class affects parental engagement in educational processes, there has been surprisingly little discussion of the way in which social class shapes the parent–professional interaction that occurs in school exclusion processes specifically. School exclusion processes are complex and those parents who become involved in them have to negotiate not only the formal processes that surround the use of permanent and fixed-term exclusion but also the less well-regulated and increasingly favoured processes that are associated with the use of alternatives to exclusion from school. This paper draws on the perspectives of professionals working in a wide variety of roles and contexts in one local authority in England and on those of a small number of mothers of children with longer and more complex histories of involvement in school exclusion processes. It argues for greater recognition of the impact of social class on parent–professional interaction in school exclusion processes because of the way in which it helps to perpetuate an intergenerational cycle of social and educational disadvantage.     

Chile’s enduring educational segregation: A trend unchanged by different cycles of reform

Socioeconomic segregation continues to be a central issue for education systems in which market-driven reforms have been implemented. This study analyses trends of socioeconomic segregation in Chile (1999–2018), considering a period with an absence of policies aimed at reducing segregation (1999–2007) and a later stage (2008–2015) when measures were implemented with the potential to affect the socioeconomic composition of schools. Results show that the segregation of both disadvantaged and wealthy students increased to extremely high levels during the first period, and has not shown signs of any significant decrease since then. The slight reduction observed in the second period is associated with changes regarding school fees in the private subsidised education sector rather than the selectivity status of the schools. The challenges faced in fostering greater socioeconomic integration within a market-driven educational system are discussed in this article.     

大学生家庭教育作用弱化成因分析与对策

目前,大学生家庭教育的作用有所弱化或者被忽视。要改变这种状况,就家庭而言,应主动适应高校人才培养对家庭教育的新要求,营造宽松氛围,化解子女对家庭教育的抵触情绪,经常性与学校保持联系,争取家庭教育的主动;就学校而言,则应加强培训和引导,为家庭教育发挥作用创造条件,一线教育工作者要主动与学生家庭联系沟通,深化家庭教育效果。     

教育政策空间：必要性、产生根源与社会诉求

从教育事业发展、教育政策学科发展和教育政策制订本身出发,对教育政策空间的理论研究是非常必要的;教育政策空间产生的原因是由于教育政策价值取向多元性、不确定性和外溢性所决定的。教育政策空间要求教育政策的主体必须做到有效的政策知识学习和抓住教育政策的有效时机。     

学校、家庭、社会教育相结合问题的研究

从家庭教育、社会教育、学校教育在青少年成长中所发挥的作用入手,重点分析当前三者教育存在的主要问题及原因,并在此基础上提出学校、家庭、社会教育相结合的一些建议与措施。     

学校、家庭及社会教育

学校、家庭和社会教育是整体的社会系统工程,各司其职而又相互联系,任何一方面的失误或者失职都会造成文化缺陷,形成社会发展障碍。家庭、学校、社会教育应强调人性理性。只有社会教育、学校教育和家庭教育通力合作,培养现代社会所需的现代意识和人格特征,才能构筑社会公平和谐的基础。家庭教育、学校教育和社会教育相互连接和联系、协同作用完成教育年轻一代任务,使之不仅能接受和继承优秀文化,并且能为文化改进和发展做出自己的贡献。     

Early School Leavers and Social Disadvantage in Spain: from books to bricks and vice-versa

It can be argued that in Spain there is a relationship between the high rates of early school leaving (ESL) and inactive or unemployed young people, as is evidenced by the current situation in which over half the working population aged 25 or younger is unemployed, many having completed compulsory education only. ESL and its social and economic consequences must be considered within the parameters and expectations of the Spanish labour market and how these expectations are/were linked to demands (or not) for continued education. This article considers the monumental social, political and economic changes that have occurred in Spain during a short span of time (including the real estate crash of 2008 and subsequent economic crisis), and how these issues intersect with measures that directly concern the educational system. It also considers a variety of endogenous and exogenous factors related to the Spanish educational system, and the impact these have on rates of ESL. The article ends with a discussion of policies and practices that may reduce ESL rates and help transform the Spanish general perception of early school leavers from a ‘lost generation’ to a generation of young people with potential for helping Spain move out of its current economic crisis.     

The shifting financial aid system in Spanish University: grant-recipients’ experiences and strategies

In 2012 Spain inaugurated a reform of its higher education financial aid system inspired by three principles: cost-sharing, increasing academic performance and school efficiency. This reform has shifted the aim of the system from equality of access to a type of meritocracy that can be defined as class-biased, as it is only applied to low-income students who require scholarships to fund their university education. After contextualizing this changing Spanish financial aid system, the life-experiences of grant-holders are discussed, based on in-depth interviews with scholarship recipients. Our analysis shows how the hardships and constraints that these low-income students endure during their university education have been toughened after the reform. The paper concludes that the reform increases and naturalizes the social inequalities that traditionally exist between youths of different social classes when planning, accessing and staying in university, as the critical sociology of education has shown recurrently.     

教育目的与当今学校教育

教育目的乃教育活动的出发点和归宿。如果教育实践没有达到教育目的的要求 ,或与教育目的相悖 ,则这个国家的教育便不能真正地培养出所需的人才。我们今天的教育实践在许多方面是存在着严重失误的。     

What is the evidence on the impact of Pupil Premium funding on school intakes and attainment by age 16 in England?

The use of targeted additional funding for school-age education, intended to improve student attainment, is a widespread phenomenon internationally. It is slightly rarer that the funding is used to improve attainment specifically for the most disadvantaged students – often via trying to attract teachers to poorer areas, or encouraging families to send their children to school. It is even rarer that funding is used to try and reduce the attainment gap between economically disadvantaged students and their peers, and almost unheard for the funding to be intended to change the nature of school intakes by making disadvantaged students more attractive to schools. These last two were the objectives set for Pupil Premium funding to schools in England. The funding started in 2011, for all state-funded schools at the same time, so there is no easy counterfactual to help assess how effective it has been. The funding is a considerable investment every year and it is therefore important to know whether it works as intended. This paper presents a time series analysis of all students at secondary school in England from 2006, well before the funding started, until 2019, the most recent year for which there are attainment figures. It overcomes concerns that the official attainment gap between students labelled disadvantaged and the rest is sensitive to demographic, economic, legal and other concurrent policy changes. It does this by looking at a stable group of long-term disadvantaged students. It is argued that this group would have attracted Pupil Premium funding if it had existed in any year and under any economic conditions. After 2010, these long-term disadvantaged pupils became substantially less clustered in specific schools in their first year and throughout their remaining school life. This improvement cannot be explained by economic or other factors used in this paper, and so it looks as though the Pupil Premium has been effective here. The picture for the attainment gap at age 16 is more mixed. It is partly confused by changes in the grading of assessments in 2014 and again from 2016. The reasons why the improvements are less clear than at primary school are discussed, and they involve the nature of evidence available to secondary schools to help them improve the attainment of their most disadvantaged students.     

梁启超对现代教育事业的开创性贡献

梁启超对中国现代教育事业有开创性和全面性的贡献。在时间上,正处于新旧社会转换时期,梁启超为了变法,大力抨击科举制度,为创办新式教育不遗余力。在范围上,他所关注的不是仅一两个学校或某些地区,而是全国乃至包括海外华人。在教育的层次上,他关注的不是仅限于学校教育,而是集专门政治教育及社会教育、学校教育为一体。在活动的方式上,他既办学,又授课,既从事教育实践,又在教育学上有着可贵的理论建树。     

批判教育研究的学术脉络与时代境遇

批判教育研究作为北美教育领域一个左的理论思潮,有着广泛而复杂的学术渊源,其中,马克思主义和新马克思主义的现实批判精神构成其理论的基本旨趣。但因为对文化政治的独特偏好和话语的多样性,目前正出现视角碎片化趋势。因而,在美国社会右转的语境中,摆脱困境,走向理论与行动的整合是唯一之途。批判教育研究对于我国警惕教育功利化、市场化和庸俗化倾向,建构日常教育生活民主以致整个社会的公正和民主提供了富有实践意义的启示。     

The OER mix in higher education: purpose,process, product,and policy

Success in open educational resources (OER) has been reported by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in the USA and the Open University in the UK, among others. It is unclear, however, how valuable OER are in learning and teaching. Approaches to OER policy and sustainability are just two other key aspects that remain unresolved across the sector. Based on the findings from the Open, Transferable, Technology-enabled Educational Resources (OTTER) project at the University of Leicester, UK, ¹ 1. Open, Transferable, Technology-enabled Educational Resources (OTTER) project, University of Leicester, UK, http://www.le.ac.uk/otter we introduce the OER mix framework: purpose, processes, product, and policy. We argue that different mixes of the four Ps can generate different approaches to OER. We discuss the relevance of the framework and its importance for social inclusion and widening access to higher education. We also discuss the implications of the OER mix for the openness agenda. Institutions may find value in adapting and applying the framework. We invite colleagues to critique it and report back.