研究型大学生师互动对学业成就的影响:是否因学生背景特征而异

利用H大学“研究型大学本科生就读经历调查”数据,考察不同背景特征学生的生师互动水平,探讨生师互动对认知技能、操作及社交技能、满意度、归属感的影响是否因学生背景特征而异。统计结果表明,男生的生师互动水平显著高于女生;学生家庭收入和父母受教育程度越高,生师互动越频繁;非课程的生师互动对女生学业成就的影响显著高于男生,对低收入家庭和高收入家庭学生的影响高于中等收入家庭,对父母双方均上过大学的学生影响高于父母均未上过大学的学生和一方上过大学的学生;辅助教师进行研究对男生学业成就的影响显著高于女生,对低收入家庭和父母均未上过大学的学生的影响高于同辈。大学应依靠制度性手段提升生师互动的总体水平,采取支持性措施改善弱势学生的生师互动,增强互动情境性以提高课堂互动的质量。     

高职学生体育心理适应能力的调查及分析

采用问卷调查的方法,对辽宁农业职业技术学院部分学生与营口职业技术学院部分学生进行体育心理适应能力的调查及分析。结果显示,不论是男生还是女生,三年级学生的体育心理适应能力要好于一年级学生;在不同性别之间,女生的体育心理适应能力好于男生。研究结果将对促进中、高职学生的体育心理适应能力提供理论参考。     

Classroom Behavior and Learning Environment Differences Between Resilient and Nonresilient..

In education, conceptual work on resilience has recently gained recognition as an important framework from which we can understand why some students become successful in school, whereas similar students from the same disadvantaged family backgrounds and neighborhoods have not been successful in school. The purpose of this study was to compare the classroom instruction and learning environment of resilient and nonresilient students in elementary schools consisting of predominantly minority students. The participants were 4th- and 5th-grade students and their teachers. Near the end of the school year, all the 4th- and 5th-grade students from 3 elementary schools located in a major metropolitan area in the south central region of the United States completed the My Class learning environment survey. Trained observers also systematically observed the resilient and nonresilient students identified by teachers during regular reading classes, language classes, or both. The results from this study indicate that resilient elementary school students perceive a more positive instructional learning environment and they are more satisfied with their reading and language arts classrooms than nonresilient students. In addition, nonresilient students indicated that they have more difficulty in their classwork than both average students and resilient students. The observational results revealed that resilient students spent significantly more time interacting with teachers for instructional purposes, whereas nonresilient students spent more time interacting with other students for social or personal purposes. Resilient students were also observed watching or listening significantly more often than nonresilient students, whereas nonresilient students were observed more often not attending to task. The percentage of time that resilient students were on task was much higher than that for nonresilient students.     

黑龙江农村初中生心理健康状况及对策研究

为了调查黑龙江省农村初中生的心理健康水平,对黑龙江12所农村中学1 052名初中生进行了MHT测验,同时为了与城市初中生作对比研究,对10所城市中学的1 061名初中生进行MHT测验。结果显示:心理健康偏常人数检出率为7%;女生心理健康水平显著低于男生;初二学生的心理健康状况优于初一,初一优于初三,初三的心理问题最严重。农村初中生的心理健康状况极其显著地低于城市初中生。     

疫情背景下大学生创伤后应激障碍研究

对大学生进行创伤后应激障碍调查,了解其心理危机现状,是危机干预的第一步。通过对漳州地区高职院校1161名学生进行疫情一个月后创伤后应激障碍调查,为再次返校后的心理干预工作提供重要依据。调查得出结论:PTSD占全体大学生的比例为2.41%,各年级大学生存在PTSD的比例介于2%-3%之间;PTSD在不同专业大学生之间不存在差异,但是在不同性别之间存在差异,男生存在PTSD的比例高于女生;男生的症状普遍比女生的症状更严重。     

Academic Expectations of Australian Students from Aboriginal,Asian and Anglo Backgrounds: Perspectives of Teachers,Trainee-teachers and Students

There are ethnic group differences in academic achievement among Australian students, with Aboriginal students performing substantially below and Asian students above their peers. One factor that may contribute to these effects is societal stereotypes of Australian Asian and Aboriginal students, which may bias teachers’ evaluations and influence student outcomes. A questionnaire assessing academic expectancies for hypothetical students from different ethnic groups was administered to 55 experienced teachers and 144 training teachers. A measure of self-expectancies and group expectancies was administered to 516 school students. The findings revealed that Asian students were expected to perform better in mathematics and expend greater effort than Aboriginal and Anglo-Australian students. In turn, there were higher expectancies for mathematics performance for Anglo-Australian students compared with Aboriginal students. We discuss the potential implications of these stereotypes for students’ school achievement, particularly the risk that negative implicit stereotypes might result in these students being directed to special education.     

聋高中生与普通高中生自尊比较研究

本研究对高一至高三年级的94名聋高中生和108名普通高中生的自尊进行了调查与比较研究。结果显示:聋高中生的整体自尊和具体自尊都显著低于普通高中生;聋高中生的自尊发展不存在年级差异,普通高中生的自尊发展存在显著的年级差异,表现出随年龄增长而下降的趋势;聋高中生和普通高中生自尊总体上都不存在性别差异;聋高中生的自尊发展存在年级性别交互作用,高一、高二年级女生的自尊水平高于男生,高三年级男生的自尊水平却显著高于女生。     

形成性评价视域下反馈在中小学教学管理中的运用

反馈作为形成性评价的核心部分,在中小学教学管理中发挥着越来越重要的作用。在中小学教学管理中,教师为学生提供形式多样的反馈,可以帮助学生更好地利用反馈信息,提高学习效果;教师为学生提供具体和有针对性的反馈,可以让学生认识到自己应该改进的地方,提升学习成绩;教师为学生提供多方位、多层次的反馈信息,可以最大化地促进学生进步;教师为学生提供个性化的反馈,使学生更好地根据自身的特点提升学习能力。     

对大学生课外体育锻炼参与情况和特质焦虑的研究

对560名大学生的体育锻炼参与情况、特质焦虑以及他们之间的关系进行了研究。研究结果显示，男女大学生之间每周体育锻炼的次数无显性差异，体育专业学生每周参加体育锻炼的次数与非体育专业学生相比也没有显性差异。但是，男女大学生每周锻炼的时间有显性差异，男生比女生每周锻炼的时间多；体育专业学生与非体育专业学生的锻炼时间也有显性差异，体育专业学生明显多于非体育专业学生。结果还表明，男女生之间以及体育专业学生与非体育专业学生之间的特质焦虑无显性差异；参加体育锻炼的频数不同其特质焦虑无显性差异。     

高校学生评教过程的管理策略

本文对高校学生评教过程的管理策略进行了研究。首先,要提高师生对学生评教工作的认识。学生有权利评教,有责任评教,有条件评教;教师要主动接受学生评教,相信学生具备一定的评教能力,要认识到学生评教具有一定的参考价值。其次,要设计科学合理的学生评教表,做到评价学生指标与评价教师指标分开、评价课程指标与评价教师指标分开、教师教学评价与非教学评价分开、师生和管理者共同设计学生评教表。最后,要有序有效地严密组织学生评教。做好评教前的必要的宣传与准备工作,保证学生有充足的时间填写学生评教袁,学期初评教与学期末评教相统筹安排,并做好学生评教后的收集密封、研究分析工作。     

泉州师院大学生体育学习策略现状及提高途径

针对泉州师院大学生体育学习策略水平,从整体及各策略维度水平状况、性别、年级、专业等多视角,采用心理测量的方法进行统计与分析,结果表明：泉州师院大学生体育学习策略整体水平及各策略维度水平尚处一般状态;男生体育学习策略整体水平及各策略维度水平均高于女生;高年级学生体育学习策略发展水平高于低年级学生;理工科学生体育学习策略整体水平及体育学习元认知策略水平均高于文科学生．提高学生体育学习策略水平的途径是：激发学生的体育学习兴趣;传授学生体育学习策略知识;加强学生元认知知识和元认知体验培养;改进体育课堂教学模式。     

高职单招生与统招生心理健康状况的比较研究

为探讨高职单招生与统招生的心理健康状况及其异同,研究采用症状自评清单(SCL-90)、网络成瘾表和人格特征问卷(EPQ)对3708名高职学生进行了调查分析。结果显示:高职单招生的SCL-90问题检出率略高于统招生,单招生的敌对因子分数显著高于统招生(p<0.05);单招生的网络成瘾得分及问题检出率均高于统招生;在人格特征方面,单招生在内外向、神经质及精神质三个因子上的得分均高于统招生(p<0.05)。这表明高职生心理健康状况总体良好,单招生与统招生的心理健康状况存在一定差异。     

Friendship stability among students with and without special educational needs

Previous research has shown that students with special educational needs (SEN) have fewer friendships than their peers without SEN. In this longitudinal study, 545 students from primary and secondary schools, including 106 students with SEN, were surveyed at the beginning and the end of the school year. The results show that students with SEN generally have fewer reciprocal friendships and, proportionally, more often nominate students with SEN than students without SEN. The stability of friendships is lower for students with SEN than for students without SEN. Additionally, for students with SEN, same-SEN-status friendships were as stable as cross-SEN-status friendships, whereas for students without SEN friendships with peers without SEN were more stable than those with peers with SEN.     

重大疫情背景下大学生心理防护研究——以抗击新冠肺炎疫情为例

重大疫情爆发容易引发大学生焦虑、愤怒与应激等心理。做好重大疫情下大学生的心理防护应该开展心理教育,优化大学生认知结构;开展心理训练,稳定大学生情绪心态;开展心理疏导,完善大学生内心追求;开展心理危机干预,提高大学生心理应激水平。通过四位一体的心理防护模式,帮助大学生形成良好的行为应对方式,打赢疫情防控阻击战。     

Intensive Interventions in Reading for Students with Reading Disabilities: Meaningful Impacts

We use three data sources to build a rationale for why intensive interventions are necessary for students with pervasive reading disabilities: current data on the performance of students with disabilities on reading achievement measures over time, observation studies on students with reading disabilities in general and special education classrooms, and findings from intensive intervention studies for students with reading disabilities. Results of these data sources indicate that students with disabilities are not making progress in reading at the same rate as students without disabilities, reading instruction for students with reading disabilities is comprised of excessive amounts of low level tasks, and findings from intensive intervention studies suggest positive impacts for students with reading disabilities. We argue that students with reading disabilities require ongoing intensive interventions that are likely to require schools to change the contexts and practices for these students.     

Understanding social learning relations of international students in a large classroom using social network analysis

A common assumption in higher education is that international students find it difficult to develop learning and friendship relations with host students. When students are placed in a student-centred environment, international students from different cultural backgrounds are “forced” to work together with other students, which allows students to learn from different perspectives. However, large lecture rooms may provide fewer opportunities for students to work together in small groups. The purpose of this article is to understand how 191 international students from 34 cultural backgrounds and 16 host students build learning and friendship relations in a large classroom of 207 students. We have used an innovative mixed-method design of social network analysis in a pre- and post-test manner combined with two sets of focus groups. Using multiple regression quadratic assignment procedures, the results indicate that learning ties after 11 weeks were significantly predicted by the friendship and learning ties established at the beginning of the module, (sub)specialisation, and whether students were Chinese or not. Contrary to previous findings, team divisions played only a marginal role in building (new) learning relations. A substantial segregation between Confucian Asian, European international and UK students was present. Follow-up qualitative data highlighted that international students made a conscious effort to build friendship and learning relations primarily outside the formal team, which for some were along co-national lines, while others were pro-actively looking for new perspectives from multi-national students. These results indicate that the instructional design might have a strong influence on how international and host students work and learn together. We believe that this study is the first to provide an in-depth and unique understanding of how international students from different cultural backgrounds build friendship and learning-relationships with other students in- and outside their classroom over time in a large classroom of 200+ students.     

Visual analyses and discriminations: one approach to measuring students' metacognition

THE METACOGNITIVE performance of four groups of students was examined. The students' processes of visual analysis and discrimination of real-life pictures were used to measure metacognition. There were 61 participants: 18 hearing students, 18 deaf and hard of hearing students, 16 students with mild mental disabilities, and 9 students with physical disabilities. Analysis revealed no significant differences among hearing students, deaf and hard of hearing students, and students with physical disabilities. The performance of these three groups of students was significantly better than the performance of students with mild mental disabilities. It appears that students with mild mental disabilities encountered difficulties with pictures that required complex visual analyses and discriminations. These difficulties were manifested in a form of deficient simultaneous visual processing along with a low level of knowledge acquisition.     

客家籍大学生性别角色研究

本研究采用钱铭怡等人编制的大学生性别角色量表 ,对 5 3 2名嘉应学院大学生进行测试。结果发现 :客家籍大学生的性别角色类型分布结果与钱铭怡等人的研究非常相似 ,与广州地区大学生的调查研究结果也无明显差异。这表明所用量表信度、效度较高 ,同时也说明客家籍大学生的个体社会化发展与大学生群体的发展是一致的。本研究结果表明 :客家籍与非客家籍大学生性别角色类型分布无显著差异 ,本科生与专科生、文科生与理科生在性别角色类型分布上均无显著差异     

特教中专残疾学生SCL-90评定结果分析

本研究采用分层随机取样法,自山东省特教中专选取盲生、肢残生和聋生共200人,自济南民政学校抽取健全生200人,以SCL-90量表为研究工具,按照严格的施测程序来完成的.研究表明残疾学生总的心理健康水平极其显著地低于健全学生;由于残疾原因不同,三类残疾学生心理障碍的表现也略有不同肢残生在躯体化得分上显著高于聋生,在人际关系敏感上显著高于盲生.