Physical Activity in Former Competitive Athletes: The Physical and Psychological Impact of Musculoskeletal Injury

Although competitive athletes exceed recommendations for physical activity while they are competing in sport, this does not necessarily translate into regular physical activity after retirement from sport. Research suggested the nature of competitive sport participation may not be conducive to lifelong physical activity. We propose one element of competitive sport participation that may impede physical activity post-retirement is injury. We propose that Vela and Denegar’s model of transient disablement in the physically active with musculoskeletal injuries (DPA) may be appropriate to examine the long-term consequences of sport-related injury—particularly with respect to physical activity disablement. Based on our review of literature, we propose the physical and psychological effects of injuries in sports present unique long-term barriers to physical activity in former competitive athletes. Future research could use the DPA as a foundation for assessing the long-term implications of sport-related injuries—particularly with respect to physical activity.     

Psychological Characteristics of Elite Athletes According to Top Level Coaches

Coaches of Dutch top level athletes (N = 115) ranked psychological characteristics relevant for athletic performance. Various sports were involved: judo, speed skating, swimming, table tennis, field hockey, golf, and track and field. While low inter rater agreement among coaches within a sport suggested that coaches do not rank the various psychological characteristics in an identical way, they appeared to agree on the importance of the following five psychological characteristics: self‐confidence, will to win, concentration, persistence, and competitiveness. The findings reported here were obtained from coaches. They appear to fit well with the empirical findings in the field of sport psychology, where successful and non‐successful athletes have been observed to differ significantly on several instruments measuring psychological characteristics, for example self‐confidence and competitiveness.     

A Review of the Game-Based Approaches to Coaching Literature in Competitive Team Sport Settings

ABSTRACT

Game-Based Approaches (GBAs) have been advocated as a pedagogy to improve decision-making, skill execution, and physical fitness in physical education teaching and sports coaching. To date, no review paper has reported on the use of GBAs in competitive team sport settings. The purpose of this article was to review the research evidence conducted on GBAs specifically within competitive team sport settings and discuss the implications of these findings for sports coaching researchers and practitioners. The current review identified 23 articles investigating GBAs in competitive team sport settings. The review supports the efficacy of GBAs in the development of athlete decision-making and tactical awareness. GBAs promote personal and social development (e.g. player responsibility) along with positive affective outcomes for athletes (i.e. motivation, enjoyment). There was less support for the development of technical skill through GBAs. The review concludes by identifying future research directions and implications for competitive team sport coaches’ practice.     

Research and Learning Information Resources

Identification of the factors that contribute to the fear of success in women's career development is important for community college educators and counselors wanting to assist women in their professional goals. In this article the factors associated with fear of success in women are categorized as follows: familial socialization, psychological influences, and cultural norms. It is generally conceded that any one or combination of these factors can precipitate a fear of success which becomes manifest in the woman's defeatist behaviors, and in turn, undermines her career development. It is imperative that professionals recognize the factors causing the fear of success orientation in women so that they may develop coping strategies with the client.     

Prolegomena to the Study of Personality by Physical Educators

On the premise that profession does not know where it stands in regard to the developing body of knowledge in the many subdisciplinary and subprofessional aspects of sport and physical education, it is recommended that an inventory of scientific finding arranged as ordered generalizations be developed to help the field's many professional practitioners — be it as teacher, coaches, performers, scholars and researchers, superviosor, or administrators. This paper discusses the 20th century development of the field. Based on this development, the discussion will consider what a comprehensive taxonomy of the profession's knowledge base should include, how a plan was formulated for an inventory of scientific finding and how that inventory would be constructed, why a systems approach is needed now to consolidate the evolving profession's future status and what is needed as the profession develops in the next few years. A concluding statement explains that this golden opportunity to achieve true professional status must be exploited very soon or it may never be available again.     

Adaptation to physically and emotionally demanding conditions: the role of deliberate practice

The current study elucidated the reasons for athletic performance differences between individuals who (1) engage in similar workloads, and (2) develop in similar environments. 8 elite and 11 sub‐elite swimmers, with confirming data provided by 17 of their parents and 6 of their coaches, participated in this investigation. Findings revealed that (1) a variety of different practice regimens can result in attaining expertise, and (2) highly analogous developmental experiences may not differentiate between elite and sub‐elite performers. Results provide support for a 4‐factor model of expert athletic development: high effort, supportive environment, facilitative coping strategies, and physical and psychological predispositions. Each is likely required to achieve elite athletic performance, and all must be present in such a manner that they are systematically and idiosyncratically functional.     

板鞋运动在高校开展的价值探究

板鞋运动在壮乡的发展有着悠久的历史,也积淀了厚重的文化底蕴,根据板鞋运动的特点,在高校开展板鞋运动具有着深远的意义。板鞋运动有利于提高学生身体素质、帮助学生调节心理压力和愉悦心情、增强学生团队协作能力、传承和弘扬民族传统文化等．     

乳酸指标在运动员竞技状态监控中的解读与思考

血乳酸能够较准确地反映不同运动方式及运动强度下能量系统的供能情况,并且对人体的运动能力具有明显的影响.因此,目前血乳酸水平检测被广泛用于运动训练监控,并且取得了很好的效果.本文运用文献、逻辑、归纳等方法,说明乳酸监控在运动员竞技状态中的重要作用,为教练员、管理人员把握好运动员的训练、比赛提供科学依据.     

RANKINGS OF PREDICTORS OF ATHLETIC PERFORMANCE BY TOP LEVEL COACHES

Two studies are reported in which coaches of Dutch top level athletes ranked 10 general factors recognized as predictors of athletic performance. In the first study, the coaching staff of the national teams in judo, speed skating, swimming, and table tennis were involved (n=50), and in the second coaches in field hockey, golf, and track and field (n=65); in track and field, two types of athlete were assessed: the “explosive” and the “endurance” types. Agreement among coaches within a sport appears to vary from rather high to quite low, indicating that they do not always rank the various factors in an identical way. In spite of these imperfect interjudge reliabilities, most of the groups of coaches made very similar group rankings, in which three factors were generally considered to be of primary importance: physical fitness, mental fitness and natural endowment These findings are discussed in the context of the emphasis which is often given to the effects of the immediate environment in the development of talented individuals.     

Feedback

This paper examines the role of sport in determining attitudes and behavior in intergroup situations. The purpose is to suggest that participation in highly competitive sport encourages strong identification of fans with teams, which has important psychological implications for individuals and may foster negative sentiments toward outgroups. Manifestations of group consciousness in sport and the levels of antipathy described by Allport (1958) are discussed. Theories of conflict, categorization, and social competition form the basis of a discussion of some determinants of identification with sport teams, and implications for the physical education profession are drawn.     

美国NBA赛场对我国篮球运动发展的启示

回顾第 2 7届奥运会我国男篮的比赛情况 ,对照美国“梦之四队”的出色表演及NBA赛场火爆场面 ,分析了国际篮球竞技发展的变化特点 ,针对我国男篮的现状 ,就指导思想 ,教练员水平、技、战术攻防观念等问题引发的思考 ,提出了一些有益的看法和建议 ,旨在引以为鉴 ,取人之长为目的 .缩小CBA与NBA之间差距 ,加速我国篮球运动发展的进程     

羽毛球比赛中运动员情绪调控方法的研究

本文通过文献资料法、视频观察法,对羽毛球比赛中影响运动员情绪的因素进行了分析,并提出了有效的调整及训练方法。调整方法：在比赛中利用间歇时间或是故意延误比赛节奏来获得休息和调整时间的方法,还可以通过教练员的指导来调整情绪的方法等。心理情绪的训练方法：加强基础练习法、教练员激励法、赛前音乐调整法、调整呼吸法等。     

Competition in Physical Education: Avoid,Ask, Adapt or Accept?

Competition is an essential part of youth sport. But should it also be part of the curriculum in physical education? Or are competitive activities incompatible with the educational context? While some researchers have argued that physical education should embrace the sporting logic of competition, others have criticized the negative experiences it can create for some students in school. In this article, we draw on insights from the philosophy of sport as well as educational philosophy, with the aim of questioning and critically examining the integration of competitive activities in physical education. We present and discuss four normative arguments (AVOID, ASK, ADAPT, and ACCEPT) that can each in their own way inform and guide future talks on the topic.     

Autonomy Support and its Links to Physical Activity and Competitive Performance: Mediations Through Motivation,Competence, Action Orientation and Harmonious Passion,and the Moderator Role of Autonomy Support by Perceived Competence

The purpose of the present study was to test a Self‐Determination Theory (SDT) process model in relation to involvement in physical activity and competitive performance among students (N = 190). In this model, perceived autonomy support from teachers and coaches was expected to be positively related to autonomous motivation, perceived competence, harmonious passion and action orientation, and that they would be positively related to involvement in physical activity and competitive performance. In using LISREL to test the model, autonomy support was positively linked with perceived competence, autonomous motivation, and action orientation. In turn, perceived competence (through harmonious passion), autonomous motivation, and action orientation were all positively associated with involvement in physical activity, whereas perceived competence and autonomous motivation were positively correlated with competitive performance.     

高校体育对大学生“心理资本”的开发与影响

人类的身体健康与心理健康存在着相互依赖和相互影响的关系,高校体育通过形式多样和丰富多彩的体育教学内容与手段,一方面可以有效地提高学生的身体机能水平,更重要的是可以有效地发掘、培养学生的意志品质和乐观的情感,使其在个体的成长和发展过程中始终保持一种积极的心理状态,并为自身发展、成功和一生的幸福获得维持竞争优势的"心理资本"。     

广东省普通高校田径运动队教练员对体能认知的研究

采用文献资料法、文卷调查法、数理统计法,结合广东省普通高校田径运动队教练员人力资源现状,分析广东省普通高校田径运动队教练员对体能知识等方面的理解情况,得出广东省普通高校田径运动队教练员体能知识的理解现状,以期促使教练员更科学合理运用体能知识指导运动员进行体能训练,从而提高运动员的技术的稳定发挥以及竞技水平,最终提高广东省普通高校田径运动水平。     

跑酷运动及其在我院建设体育与休闲专业中的发展前景

跑酷已经成为众多年轻人和高校大学生热衷的体育休闲运动。跑酷运动使参与者身体得到锻炼,心灵得到享受,但良好的开展还需要全面的身体素质、灵活多样的训练方法以及良好的保护意识和规范安全的跑酷场地,本文通过对跑酷运动特征,体育专业开展的优势以及瓶颈进行分析,以促进此项目在我校及同类院校规范、有序的发展。     

Psychological Development and Females' Sport Participation: An Interactional Perspective

Dorothy Hams's writings have consistently reflected a philosophy that emphasizes the importance of an integrated sport science perspective for understanding females' participation and performance in the physical domain. Her advocacy for a 7ldquo;somatopsychic” approach included a consideration of the sociological, psychological, biological, and physical factors that interact to influence patterns of involvement and performance potential. Although a complete integration of subdisciplines within the sport sciences would be a formidable task, the purpose of this article is to first review selected research findings pertaining to females' sport socialization, psychological development, and biological and cognitive maturation. Then, a heuristic model is proposed as an initial attempt to represent an interactional approach to understanding females' sport participation and as a framework for future research.