英国均势外交政策探析

均势外交是英国传统的外交政策,它对英国社会和欧洲政治都产生了巨大影响。这一对外政策的确立取决于英国特殊的地理位置、政治、经济等因素,均势政策在历史上对维护英国利益、保持欧洲平衡起了非常重要作用。     

对阿根廷与英国关于马岛主权争议的几点思考

阿根廷与英国围绕马尔维纳斯群岛主权争议由来已久。1982年阿根廷发动马岛战争遭遇失败,加尔铁里政府下台,阿根廷恢复民主制度,开始谋求通过和平谈判解决马岛主权争议。马岛主权争议具有双方争夺资源能源等深层次原因,马岛问题及马岛战争对阿根廷内外政策乃至拉美局势等产生深远影响,阿根延政府推动解决马岛问题的主要做法取得一定成效。     

THE STATE OF UNIVERSITY FINANCES IN THE UNITED KINGDOM AS SEEN BY THE COMMITTEE OF VICE‐CHANCELLORS AND PRINCIPALS

The general financial problems of universities in the United Kingdom are growing more serious while at the same time the number of applications for degree courses is increasing. Below we give the view of this situation taken by the Committee of Vice‐Chancellors and Principals of the. Universities of the United Kingdom (CVCP).     

从教育政策学的视角来看二战后英国高等教育改革

从教育政策学的视角来分析二战后特别是20世纪60年代以来英国在高等教育所进行的改革,透过对英国高等教育法令的述评,从而为中国高等教育的改革起到一些借鉴作用。     

英国中小学信息通信技术课程变革述评

2012年,英国中小学信息通信技术(Information and Communications Technology,以下简称ICT)课程正在经历着全面的变革。英国现有的ICT课程受到质疑与批判,被认为是呆板和不能够激发学生动机的。英国中小学ICT课程变革就是要突破传统的以办公软件为主的ICT课程内容,重新厘清ICT课程所包含的计算机科学、信息技术和数字化素养等组成部分,强调计算机科学课程的重要性,使得学生不只是信息技术使用者,更应该进一步成为信息技术创造者。英国中小学ICT课程所呈现出来的课程内容更新、产业参与以及研究先行等特点对于我国中小学信息技术课程改革具有很强的借鉴意义。     

CAREERS FOR MEN AND WOMEN IN BRITISH UNIVERSITIES: EVOLUTION AND REVOLUTION

This article considers the position of women academics in British universities. It begins with an historical survey of the evolution of the university teaching career in the United Kingdom, with special reference to women. It then concentrates on the entry of women into academic careers, particularly after the Second World War. Finally, it concludes with a discussion of the latest trends in higher education in the United Kingdom, especially attempts to make universities more cost effective, to rate their performance via performance indicators, and to attune them to the needs of the business world. These trends may end up making academic careers in the United Kingdom relatively less attractive than they were in the past, while inadvertently providing for greater feminization.     

与英国职业标准相衔接的BTEC教学体系构建

将英国BTEC的学历教育与英国行业职业标准有机结合,能更好地使BTEC教育按照国际化高端技能型人才培养规格实施对学生的培养。通过制定以岗位能力为核心的教学大纲,以工作过程为导向实施实践教学内容,创造仿真模拟的企业教学环境,引入英国职业资格证书考试,实施"过程+结果"的考核方法等构建与英国职业标准相衔接的BETC教学体系。     

Teachers’ expectations of children with Down Syndrome starting school in the United Arab Emirates or United Kingdom

ABSTRACT

Starting school has been shown to correlate with later school outcomes. Teachers working in early years’ settings either in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) or the United Kingdom completed a questionnaire asking them to rate the importance of 20 statements in answer to the question ‘How important are the following for deciding whether a child with Down Syndrome has had a successful first two terms of school?’ Findings demonstrated a different pattern of expectations depending on where the teacher was working. Specifically, teachers in the United Kingdom placed more importance on academic performance and the relationship with the family. Some similarities in the rankings of the scales were also obtained. Teachers, regardless of the location, placed most importance on children’s happiness and knowledge of school routines in successfully starting school. Implications for children with Down Syndrome starting school in the UAE and the United Kingdom are discussed.     

Problems of Diversity in Policy and Practice: Celtic languages in the United Kingdom

The situation of Celtic languages within the United Kingdom is viewed in the context of minority languages and linguistic diversity in the world today. The various government policies for Celtic languages in Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland are outlined and information about the present school situations of the Welsh language, Scottish Gaelic and Irish Gaelic is presented. Finally, government policies for these three languages in the United Kingdom are contrasted and reasons for maintaining or letting die a minority language are reviewed.     

Patterns of Academic Inflow into the Higher Education System of the United Kingdom

This article examines the geographical mobility of highly skilled scientific personnel with reference to universities as principal recruiters of scientific skills. Its interest is the British academic labour market primarily because the United Kingdom has been a traditional academic destination for foreign scientists and students. Despite much of the talk about the internationalization of the scientific/academic community in the advanced world, the academic community of the United Kingdom is still far from being truly globalized. It is more Europeanized than internationalized. Inflows of foreign skills will enrich the science pool of the United Kingdom, but these, however, will mostly benefit the already high performing universities and departments. Lower performance universities might benefit less, as they will attract fewer foreign “stars” to their modest departments. The concept of “brain circulation” might be skewed through the biased division of this circulation between high performing and less performing institutions.     

英国创新模式下的产学研合作落后于美国?——基于大学知识生产与转移的考察

知识经济时代的科学、技术、经济一体化促使美英两国重视产学研协同创新,美国和英国分别形成了合作式创新生态和竞争式创新机制。美国在制度支持和产学研合作的良性循环中激活了学术知识的经济引擎作用。而英国低水平、不合理的政策干预未能扭转校企相对隔离的状态,大学在市场机制影响下难以充分发挥高质量学术知识的预期经济效益。为有效促进学术知识的生产与转移,政府应在国家创新体系中合理施为,成为政策目标的执行者、信息沟通的桥梁、政策实效的支持系统,直接并积极参与创新生态的构建、激活并稳固产学研合作的社会基础、保障创新活动的质量,促进产学研合作以保障国家创新的可持续发展。     

Teaching and Research Quality Indicators and the Shaping of Higher Education

Two important sets of performance indicators have become established in the United Kingdom: research quality ratings and teaching quality ratings. The research quality ratings and, to a lesser extent, the teaching quality ratings, influence the level of government funding provided to higher education institutions. This paper considers the correlation between the two ratings and the possible consequences of policies that reshape the higher education sector by concentrating research resources in a limited number of institutions. Comparisons are made between quality assurance/assessment approaches in the United Kingdom and those in the United States.     

试论英美霸权发展模式

霸权以经济力量为基础,以军事实力为支撑,以政治活动为表现形式,但霸权也有节制性和制约性。英国霸权和美国霸权有相似的地方也有一些不同的地方。英国的霸权是以商业和对外贸易为目标,以大陆均势政策为手段,以军事力量为主导,以内部的体制改革和创新为保障的霸权模式。而美国霸权的建立,有其深刻的思想文化渊源也有其建立的历史机遇。美国在建立霸权的过程中,根据时代发展的需要而不断地调整着自己的政策,引领着世界新秩序的发展。     

Implications of the Introduction of the Doctor of Education Degree in British Universities: can the EdD reach parts the PhD cannot?

Abstract

At a time of continuing concern about the nature and meaning of doctoral education in the United Kingdom, this paper outlines the moves by an increasing number of universities towards ‘part‐taught’ doctorates. Focusing on the new degree of Doctor of Education now offered by over seven British universities, the paper outlines the differences between EdD and PhD in education, and questions the need for any differentiation. Arguing that the ‘statistics of failure’ in doctoral education in the United Kingdom continue to mount a challenge to universities in the United Kingdom, the paper argues for a refocus on process as well as product, where the goal should be on learner empowerment and transformation, rather than on the misassumptlons that doctoral study is primarily an ‘academic apprenticeship’. Finally, the paper indicates an agenda to establish doctoral programmes and structures capable of developing and fostering creative talent whether the individuals undertaking doctoral study are going to become professional researchers or researching and scholarly professionals.     

近代欧洲绅士教育简论

在近代欧洲社会,凸显社会时代特征的绅士教育从意大利发端,最早出现＂绅士＂的概念,并进行了绅士教育的早期实践。后来,绅士教育在法国和英国得到了发展,但在英国的发展超过了在法国的发展。在17世纪,绅士教育不仅成为了英国社会的一种时尚,而且确立了具有鲜明的英国特色的绅士教育理论体系。绅士教育对后世西方教育产生了持久和重要的影响。     

英国口腔公共卫生硕士课程设置和考核的特点

英国的研究生教育素以高质量而著称.文以英国伦敦大学学院口腔公共卫生硕士课程为例,阐述了英国口腔公共卫生硕士课程设置的目的、内容、课程质量监控、课程考核及课程设置和考核的特点对学生的影响,希望能给我国的研究生教育提供一些参考..     

From concepts to practice in deaf education: a United kingdom perspective on inclusion

This article considers the different ways that inclusion is conceived in the United Kingdom by government, teachers, and academics. I contend that a concept of inclusion based primarily on the notion of students with special educational needs being in mainstream schools is unhelpful to educators of deaf children and that a broader concept is needed. A working definition of inclusion is presented based on a system of values. I suggest "indicators of inclusion for deaf students" and illustrate with examples of practice. Some basic information on the education of deaf children in the United Kingdom is included.     

英中两国现代化之路比较

英国是世界上最早进行工业化和最早走上现代化道路的国家,它的发展与进步对世界上其他国家产生了广泛而深刻的影响,中国也是在西方国家特别是在英国的影响之下走上现代化之路的。虽然中国和英国在现代化过程中表现出明显的差异,但是两国走的都是最终将把人类带向发展和进步的现代化文明之路。     

The Raven Progressive Matrices: A Review of National Norming Studies and Ethnic and Socioeconomic Variation Within the United States

In this paper, some recent results relating to the stability o f scores on the Raven Progressive Matrices Test for different subgroups within and between the United Kingdom, the United States, and other Western societies are summarised. Subsequent sections deal with variation over time. A possible explanation for the variation in norms over time and between ethnic groups within the United States is offered.     

How many universities are there in the United Kingdom? How many should there be?

While the first of the questions posed in the title of this article may seem to involve a simple matter of enumeration, it is more complex than that, as the number of institutions in the United Kingdom that perform at least some of the functions of a university has grown significantly in recent years. The answer given (for the end of the year 2010) is 108, 138 or 162, depending upon the definitions adopted. The second question involves more judgement, and is explored comparatively—both within the United Kingdom and internationally—geographically, economically and historically.