论培智学校的可持续发展教育

在培智学校开展可持续发展教育,是智障儿童参与社会建设、发展与进步的有效途径,对其未来生活品质的提高、公平参与社会活动、学会生存,掌握生存技能、更好履行公民义务有着重要作用.文章从可持续发展教育的产生出发,客观分析了在培智学校开展可持续发展教育的依据与重要性,进而探讨可持续发展教育对培智学校现有教学目标、内容与方法的挑战,从而为在特殊学校开展可持续发展教育提供借鉴.     

Against best practice: uncertainty,outliers and local studies in educational research

Situating the quest for ‘best practice’ in education in the early ambitions of the Royal Society of London and the early history of statistics, and in insights offered by John Dewey in his 1929 Gifford and Kappa Delta Pi lectures, the paper argues for greater appreciation of the uncertainties and complexities of teaching and learning and for greater modesty in researcher claims. It contends that the quest for best practices in education needs to be tempered with the notion of better over best practice by maintaining the value of, and the need for, a greater place for outliers in research.     

教师进修学校教师培训的实践研究

培训培训是全面启动中小学教师继续教育工程并保证培训质量和效益的先决条件,也是继续教育的一个崭新课题。教师进修学校教师的培训分在培训机构集中培训和在培训任职学校培训两类。集中培训的内容为;继续教育的理论学习;继续教育课程研究;继续教育经验交流;学科前沿和综合性知识;小学教师培训的理论与实践。培训模式的特点有：具有明确的主题性;突出参训的实践性;充分发挥参训的资源。在培训试点工作的基础上制订《浙江省教师进修学校教师继续教育培训方案》;在实验研究的基础上初步形成《浙江省教师进修学校教师校本培训方案》。     

改革开放30年民族高等教育政策的演进

随着社会历史的发展,我国的民族高等教育政策不断进行着改革与调整。改革开放30以来,我国民族高等教育政策的发展可以分为三个阶段：社会历史转折期的民族高等教育政策（1978年——1984年）,全面改革时期的民族高等教育政策（1985年——1997年）,社会深刻变革时期的民族高等教育政策（1998年——2008年）。我国民族高等教育政策发展的未来走向：（一）在政策制定上,要拓宽民族高等教育资金来源的渠道。（二）在政策发展上,要开展民族高等教育的立法工作。（三）在政策落实上,要提升民族高等教育的特色课程与特色专业建设。     

网上教研中心的功能优化与机制完善研究

网上教研作为信息时代新型的教研模式方兴未艾。中央电大目前已突破传统的集中式面对面教研局限,开展以课程为单位的网上教研活动。以中央电大开展的网上教研活动为案例,采取问卷调查与访谈法对中央电大网上教研现状进行调研与分析,对网上教研中心的功能设计和组织管理进行探索与研究,旨在为进一步完善网上教研活动,推进网上教学课程改革发挥作用。     

基于AutoCAD旅游区规划制图方法研究

CAD是一款用于二维及三维绘图、设计的软件产品,由于具有操作简便、定位精确、工作效率高的特点,已成为旅游区规划制图的首选软件。本文阐述了旅游区规划制图的内容和要求,介绍了CAD软件在旅游区规划制图中的功能和作用,详细阐述了应用CAD软件制作旅游区规划图的方法及应注意的问题。     

我国培智学校课程改革研究的现状、反思与展望

随着特殊教育的发展和课程改革的不断深入,培智学校的课程改革面临着新的挑战。本文从研究参与面与研究的质量、研究重点与特色、研究理念与培养目标、校本研究与《培智学校课程设置实验方案》研究等四个方面分析了培智学校课程改革研究的现状,并就培智课程改革研究的理性、课改管理与指导性、课改支持系统三方面的缺失进行反思和展望,为我国《培智学校课程设置实验方案》的推行和完善提供借鉴。     

COUNSELLING AND TOLERANCE

The author of this essay is the Minister for Education and Human Resources of Malta. It serves as a welcoming speech for the participants in the conference. The significance of 1995 as the International Year for Tolerance is outlined. The need for tolerance in all societies is explained as is the need for education for tolerance in schools.     

Quality assurance in higher education – meta-evaluation of multi-stage evaluation procedures in Germany

Systematic procedures for quality assurance and improvement through evaluation have been in place in Western Europe since the mid 1980s and in Germany since the mid 1990s. As studies in Europe and beyond show that multi-stage evaluation procedures as the main quality assurance instrument for evaluation of teaching and learning in higher education institutions have proved reliable and have gained acceptance, in Germany (as well as in other countries) the evaluation of teaching and learning through internal and external evaluations has long come under the fire of criticism. Our results of the first comprehensive and representative investigation of procedures for the evaluation of teaching and learning in Germany show that former participants in the evaluations (reviewers and those reviewed) are satisfied all in all with the multi-stage procedure. They are convinced that the goals of quality assurance and improvement were achieved. Suggestions for improving the procedures target individual aspects, such as, for example, the composition of the review panel. Against this background, it makes sense to perform regular quality assessments of the procedures for quality assurance and improvement. The authors wish to express their gratitude to the Donors’ Association for the Promotion of Sciences and Humanities in Germany (Stifterverband fu¨ r die Deutsche Wissenschaft) for funding our study and two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments.     

《小企业会计准则》存在的问题及商榷

为规范小企业会计确认、计量和报告,财政部2011年10月发布《小企业会计准则》,并于2013年1月1日实施,分析《小企业会计准则》执行中存在的问题,建议《小企业会计准则》应在简化的基础上尽量与《企业会计准则》相衔接,以统一我国的企业会计标准,提高会计信息的可比性。     

Parents’ and teachers’ attitudes,objections and expectations towards sexuality education in primary schools in Austria

The World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe (WHO EURO) and the German Federal Centre for Health Education (BZgA) published the Standards for Sexuality Education in Europe in 2010. The standards were developed to provide an overview of those sexuality education issues that should be addressed in school at various specific age levels. They were intended to guarantee that sexuality education teaching is age-appropriate and of uniformly good quality throughout Europe. In the context of the present survey, Austrian teachers and parents or guardians were asked about the importance of the topics covered by the WHO standards and about any aspects they would like to see for such sexuality education to be successful. The paper concludes that parents and teachers agree on the sexuality education topics they find important for coverage in Austrian primary schools, although teachers find sexuality education in general to be of greater importance than do parents. Teacher’ wishes for sexuality education in practice correlate highly with parents’ ideas of quality. Overall, qualifications and support for work in this field are viewed as essential, with survey respondents perceiving the need for high-quality initial training and continuing education and appropriate frameworks for implementation in school.     

Labour market mismatch among UK graduates: An analysis using REFLEX data

There is much disagreement in the literature over the extent to which graduates are mismatched in the labour market and the reasons for this. In this paper we utilise the Flexible Professional in the Knowledge Society (REFLEX) data set to cast light on these issues, based on data for UK graduates. We find substantial pay penalties for overeducation for both sexes and for overskilling in the case of men only. When both education and skill mismatch variables are included together in the model only overskilling reduces job satisfaction consistently for both sexes. Using job attributes data it appears that the lower wages of the overqualified may in part simply represent a compensating wage differential for positive job attributes, while for men at least there are real costs to being overskilled.     

试论闲暇与闲暇教育

闲暇不是无事可做的一段时间,而是人脱离繁忙的一种悠闲、自由、内观、宁静、从容不迫的沉思状态,也是一种个人从文化环境和物质环境的外在压力下解放出来的一种相对自由而有沉思参与的活动过程;所以闲暇教育不是在人的空闲时间对人进行的教育,如假日教育,也不是为填补个人空虚、丰富个人业余生活的教育,而是以关注受繁忙捆绑的个人自由解放为旨趣,以培养能拥有和操持闲暇的个人为目标的教育。它与职业教育互补而共同构成对个人的全人教育。     

戊二醛置换法对大鼠冷冻保存肾脏超微结构的影响

探讨戊二醛置换法在不同复温方法下对液氮低温保存大鼠肾脏超微结构的影响。新鲜大鼠肾脏组织液氮保存3个月后,随机分为2组采用不同的复温方法。第1组标本直接放入4%的戊二醛溶液中在4℃冰箱内固定24 h复温;第2组标本先置入-80℃冰箱复温72 h,再放入4%的戊二醛溶液中在4℃内固定24 h复温。2组标本经常规透射电镜样品制备后,电镜下对超薄切片进行观察。结果表明,第1组样品中出现肾小球和肾小管细胞核异染色质边集、部分线粒体内室肿胀;第2组肾小球和肾小管细胞超微结构保存良好。提示低温保存的大鼠肾脏标本于-80℃冰箱复温72 h后,再置入4%的戊二醛溶液中在4℃内复温24 h,可以良好地保存细胞超微结构。结果表明,采用梯度复温戊二醛固定液置换法是液氮低温冷冻固定组织标本进行超微结构观察的一种简便易行的有效复温固定方法,对临床和研究室开展电镜研究具有实际的应用价值。     

Writing Instruction for Adolescents with Learning Disabilities: Programs of Intervention Research

Writing performance for a large number of adolescents, with and without learning disabilities (LD), in the United States is below the level required for success in college and in the world of work. Despite the importance of writing and students' with LD documented difficulties in this academic domain, writing intervention research for adolescents with LD is not as well established as research in other domains, such as reading. Programs of research in writing interventions for adolescents with LD, nevertheless, have provided frameworks for effective instruction for these students. Adapting criteria from Graham and Perin's (2007c) Writing Next report, 40 studies across six programs of research were located for our literature review in writing instruction for adolescents with LD. Based on the findings of these studies, instruction within two levels of support for adolescents with LD are recommended.     

Pedagogy and Andragogy in Higher Education — A Comparison between Germany, the UK and Japan

This article analyses the kinds of pedagogical approaches in universities that are provided for young and mature students and produce relevant outcomes for them in Germany, the UK and Japan. Andragogy is a concept of pedagogical approaches for adult learners in lifelong learning, but it should be empirically examined now in higher education in relation to assessment of the outcomes of education. In this article, with the help of the CHEERS graduate survey data, different learning experiences, institutional pedagogical orientation and provisions of universities are classified and examined in the pedagogy mode for young students and the andragogy mode for mature students. Freedom of choice, independent learning, practical emphasis and libraries are elements of the andragogy mode for the mature students and class attendance, contacts with fellow students and teachers and teaching quality are elements of the pedagogy mode for the young students. In Germany, both the pedagogical mode for the young and the andragogy mode for mature students are more developed than in the UK and Japan. Then, policy and theoretical implications are discussed.     

The role of Representative Councils for Learners in South African schools: Maximal or minimal participation?

Abstract

In 1999 the South African Department of Education issued guides for the Representative Councils for Learners established in terms of the South African Schools Act, 1996 (Act 84 of 1996). This article examines the usefulness of these guides in promoting democracy and education for citizenship in South African schools. The guides are located in the context of theories of participatory democracy, representation, and education for citizenship, and of the democratic strengths of the People's Education Movement of the 1980s. In this context, it is argued that the main tendency of the guides is to undermine democratic participation, and that their favoured conception of education for citizenship is minimalist. The article emphasises the need for a more maximalist approach to citizenship education, and for more scope for participatory democracy in schools.     

Can creativity be assessed? Towards an evidence-informed framework for assessing and planning progress in creativity

This article considers the role of constructions of creativity in the classroom and their consequences for learning and, in particular, for the assessment of creativity. Definitions of creativity are examined to identify key implications for supporting the development of children’s creativity within the classroom. The implications of assessing creativity in order to aid its development within and across subjects are explored through the consideration of existing frameworks for assessing and supporting creativity. Enablers for creative teaching and learning are considered in order to propose a model of assessment and development for creativity.     

Bioengineering and Bioinformatics Summer Institutes: meeting modern challenges in undergraduate summer research

Summer undergraduate research programs in science and engineering facilitate research progress for faculty and provide a close-ended research experience for students, which can prepare them for careers in industry, medicine, and academia. However, ensuring these outcomes is a challenge when the students arrive ill-prepared for substantive research or if projects are ill-defined or impractical for a typical 10-wk summer. We describe how the new Bioengineering and Bioinformatics Summer Institutes (BBSI), developed in response to a call for proposals by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the National Science Foundation (NSF), provide an impetus for the enhancement of traditional undergraduate research experiences with intense didactic training in particular skills and technologies. Such didactic components provide highly focused and qualified students for summer research with the goal of ensuring increased student satisfaction with research and mentor satisfaction with student productivity. As an example, we focus on our experiences with the Penn State Biomaterials and Bionanotechnology Summer Institute (PSU-BBSI), which trains undergraduates in core technologies in surface characterization, computational modeling, cell biology, and fabrication to prepare them for student-centered research projects in the role of materials in guiding cell biology.     

The role of feedback and differences between good and poor decoders in a repeated word reading paradigm in first grade

The direct, retention, and transfer effects of repeated word and pseudoword reading were studied in a pretest, training, posttest, retention design. First graders (48 good readers, 47 poor readers) read 25 CVC words and 25 CVC pseudowords in ten repeated word reading sessions, preceded and followed by a transfer task with a different set of items. Two weeks after training, trained items were assessed again in a retention test. Participants either received phonics feedback, in which each word was spelled out and repeated; word feedback, in which each word was repeated; or no feedback. During the training, both good and poor readers improved in accuracy and speed. The increase in speed was stronger for poor readers than for good readers. The good readers demonstrated a stronger increase for pseudowords than for words. This increase in speed was most prominent in the first four sessions. Two weeks after training, the levels of accuracy and speed were retained. Furthermore, transfer effects on speed were found for pseudowords in both groups of readers. Good readers performed most accurately during the training when they received no feedback while poor readers performed most accurately during the training with the help of phonics feedback. However, feedback did not differentiate for reading speed or for effects after the training. The effects of repeated word reading were found to be stronger for poor readers than for good readers. Moreover, these effects were found to be stronger for pseudowords than for words. This indicates that repeated word reading can be seen as an important trigger for the improvement of decoding skills.