Student adjustment to higher education: the role of alternative educational pathways in coping with the demands of student life

The present longitudinal study measured student adjustment to higher education, comparing 50 participants from alternative schools (Steiner, Montessori, New Schools) with 80 students from the traditional school system. We hypothesized that students from alternative schools adapt better, because of greater perceived social support, academic self-efficacy, and task-oriented coping styles. Measures were taken during the last school year (baseline characteristics), and at the beginning of the first and last terms of the first year in higher education. The quality of adjustment was assessed through academic results, and physical and psychological well-being. The following instruments were used: the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory by Spielberger (1983), the 13-items Depression Inventory by Beck et al. (1961), the Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations by Endler and Parker (1990), and semi-directed interviews. Results show that students from alternative schools adjust better to higher education: they report less anxiety and depression symptoms, and show greater life satisfaction and academic achievement.     

工读学生自我效能和应对方式的关系研究

目的:探讨工读学校学生自我效能、应对方式和二者之间的关系。方法:选取上海市工读学校140名初中学生作为被试,采用集体施测的方式,进行《一般自我效能量表》和《应对方式问卷》的测验。结果:(1)工读学生自我效能的性别差异非常显著;初中二年级学生的自我效能明显低于其他两个年级。(2)工读学生最常采用的应对方式是解决问题、幻想和退避。(3)工读学生自我效能可以通过初二年级、退避、解决问题、性别进行预测。结论:工读学生自我效能和应对方式之间密切相关。     

The best years of our lives? Coping with stress predicts school grades,life satisfaction,and feelings about high school

This study examines whether problem-focused, emotion-focused, and avoidant coping strategies predict key outcomes in a sample of 354 high school students. The four outcomes considered are: academic achievement, life satisfaction, positive feelings towards school, and negative feelings towards school. Results demonstrate that coping incrementally predicts all four outcomes above and beyond the effects of the Big Five personality factors, vocabulary, and demographic variables. Incremental prediction is strongest for school feeling variables, where coping predicts 17.4% of the variance in positive feelings, and 15.9% of the variance in negative feelings. All three coping styles are important in predicting different outcomes: problem-focused coping predicts grades, life satisfaction, and positive feelings about school; emotion-focused coping predicts negative feelings only; and avoidant-focused coping predicts both positive and negative feelings about school. Results suggest that coping styles are an important variable for school outcomes, and that the effectiveness of different strategies differs depending on the outcome considered.     

Thinking styles and academic stress coping among Chinese secondary school students

Abstract

This study investigated the predictive power of thinking styles for academic stress coping. Participants were 563 (280 males, 275 females, 8 gender unspecified) secondary school students in grades 7 through 12 from mainland China. Thinking styles were measured using the Thinking Styles Inventory-Revised II which was based on the theory of mental self-government. Coping strategies were measured by the COPE-Revised, which was derived from Carver’s COPE (1989). Results showed that thinking styles had statistically significant predictive power for academic stress-coping strategies beyond age and gender, largely in the expected directions. Theoretical implications for research on intellectual styles and coping are discussed; and some practical implications for school teachers and students are proposed.     

Coping mediates the relationship between emotional intelligence (EI) and academic achievement

Research examining the relationships between performance measures of emotional intelligence (EI), coping styles, and academic achievement is sparse. Two studies were designed to redress this imbalance. In each of these studies, both EI and coping styles were significantly related to academic achievement. In Study 1, 159 community college students completed the Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test (MSCEIT) and problem-focused, emotion-focused, and avoidant coping scales. Collectively, the coping variables significantly mediated the relationship between EI and grade point average (GPA) for Emotion Perception, Emotion Facilitation of Thought and Emotion Management (but not for Emotional Understanding). Problem-focused coping was the only single significant mediator, mediating the relationship between emotion management and GPA (but not other branches and GPA). In Study 2, 293 middle school students completed the Situational Test of Emotion Management for Youths (STEM-Y) and scales measuring the same three coping strategies. In this study, the coping variables again significantly mediated the relationship between emotion management and GPA. Once again, problem-focused coping was a significant mediator. Collectively, these results suggest that better educational outcomes might be achieved by targeting skills relating to emotion management and problem-focused coping.     

多民族混合学校学生心理素质研究

以7所多民族混合学校和2所纯民族学校的3000名中学生为研究被试,采用中学生应对方式问卷和人际交往能力问卷探讨中学生应对方式、人际交往能力及其二者的关系。结果表明：中学生应对方式在学校类型上存在显著差异,多民族混合学校中学生在问题解决、求助、退避、忍耐上显著高于回族中学和藏族中学学生,回族中学学生在忍耐上显著高于藏族中学学生。应对方式存在年级差异,每个水平上初一最高,初二最低。中学生的人际交往能力存在学校类型差异,多民族混合学校学生显著高于回族中学和藏族中学学生。人际交往能力存在年级差异,初中人际交往能力显著高于高中。问题解决对人际交往能力的三个维度都有显著的正向预测作用,幻想对人际交往能力的三个维度都有显著的负向预测作用,求助只对交往动力和交往技能有预测作用,发泄对交往动力和交往认知有预测作用。     

中学生自我概念、主观幸福感与应对方式关系研究

为了探讨中学生自我概念对主观幸福感的影响以及应对方式在其中所起的作用,采用田纳西自我概念量表、简易应对方式量表和主观幸福感问卷,对四川省6所中学的895名学生进行调查,得到867份有效问卷.结果表明：积极自我对主观幸福感有显著的正向影响,消极自我对主观幸福感有显著的负向影响;应对方式在自我概念对主观幸福感的影响中起着部分中介作用.结论：自我概念不仅直接影响主观幸福感,且通过应对方式间接影响主观幸福感.     

Stress in school-aged children and youth

This article reviews the literature on stress in students of grades 1–12. A model to understand stress as the inequality between perceived demands and perceived resources is presented. Student stressors are identified in the family and school environments. Coping with these stressors is conceptualized as problem-focused, emotion-focused, or appraisal-focused strategies that make use of personal, social, and cognitive resources. Physical, emotional, and behavioral symptoms of ineffectual coping efforts are then identified. After gender differences in stressors and coping are noted, instruments measuring stressors, coping strategies, and coping resources in children and youth are reviewed. Finally, representative intervention programs developed for school-aged youth are described and evidence of their efficacy is presented. The article concludes that there is a paucity of research on stress in children as compared to research on stress in adults.     

大学生家庭教养方式、应对方式与网络成瘾倾向的关系研究

借助家庭教养方式问卷（EMBU）、中文网络成瘾量表、应对方式问卷对长沙市四所高校大学生进行调查后,发现大学生网络成瘾倾向存在性别差异,网络成瘾倾向组和正常组的大学生在家庭教养方式和应对方式上差异较为显著。     

高一学生应对方式及其与父母教养方式的相关研究

本研究的目的是探讨高一学生的应对特点及其与父母教养方式的关系。采用解亚宁的简易应对方式量表和Perris编制岳冬梅修订的父母教养方式问卷（EMBU）的中文版,对三所普通中学、市级重点中学和职业中学的非独生子女、独生子女高一学生进行调查。分析统计结果表明：1）高一学生仅有积极应对方式在不同类型学校有明显差别。2）无论在学校类型、是否独生子女、还是性别方面,父母教养方式对高一学生应对方式的影响都存在较多的差异。3）父母的教养方式与多数高中生的应对有明显的关系。4）独生子女更加在意父母的教养方式。     

大学生时间透视与焦虑的关系:应对方式的完全中介效应

考查大学生的时间透视与焦虑的关系,并探讨应对方式是否在时间透视和焦虑间起中介作用。采用《时间透视简式量表》、《应对方式问卷》和《焦虑自评量表》对319名大学生进行测试,运用SPSS17.0和Amos4.0对数据进行分析,并建立多变量的结构方程模型。结果表明:(1)现在定向与焦虑和不成熟的应对方式显著正相关,与解决问题显著负相关;(2)未来定向与焦虑和不成熟的应对方式显著负相关,与解决问题显著正相关;(3)应对方式在时间透视和焦虑间起完全中介作用,现在定向和未来定向都无法直接预测焦虑,两者通过应对方式间接地预测焦虑。该研究表明,不同时间透视占优的大学生通过应对方式影响其焦虑状况,为今后进行焦虑的心理治疗和干预提供了新的视角。     

一般本科院校学生心理健康状况与应对方式关系研究——以福建师大福清分校为例

目的：以福建师大福清分校为例,探讨一般本科院校学生的应对方式对心理健康的影响,为了更好地对一般本科院校学生进行心理健康教育提供理论依据。方法：采用症状自评量表（SCL-90）和应对方式问卷（CSQ）对福建师大福清分校的350名学生进行测试。结果：（1）323名一般本科院校学生心理健康总体平均分低于全国常模但差异并不显著,心理健康状况一般,强迫症状呈阳性。（2）男性心理健康水平高于女性,在焦虑、恐怖、精神病性这几个因子上差异显著;文科生的心理健康状况优于理科生;城市生源的心理健康状况优于农村生源;不同专业学生应对方式存在显著差异,个体更多的选择在解决问题、求助和幻想的应对方式。（3）大学生心理健康状况与应对方式间显著相关。结论：不同类型的应对方式对一般本科院校学生心理健康有着重要影响。     

Dimensions of coping and anxiety symptoms in a community sample of young children

Coping style plays an important role in children’s wellbeing. This paper describes the patterns of associations between children’s self-reported coping styles and symptoms of anxiety in order to determine whether particular dimensions are associated with better adjustment. Participants were 2566 children (1268 girls, 1298 boys) aged 7–11 years attending 15 schools in the South East of England. Results showed that aspects of coping were differentially associated with children’s self-reported anxiety. Patterns of association also varied by age and gender. Dimensions of coping were shown to form distinct adaptive and maladaptive coping styles which were also differentially associated with anxiety. Analysis of these styles indicated that it is the absence of maladaptive coping strategies, rather than the presence of adaptive strategies, that is significant in emotional wellbeing. These findings suggest that interventions designed to reduce or extinguish maladaptive coping styles may be of particular benefit in facilitating emotional wellbeing.     

Stress,coping strategies and academic achievement in teacher education students

University students experience stress, and how they cope with this stress affects their academic achievement. This study examined stress in teacher education students and had three objectives: to describe different degrees of stress and coping styles; to study the relationship between stress, coping strategies and academic achievement; and to examine whether increased age can moderate the effects of stress on academic achievement in 334 university-students. There were three main findings: many students experienced stress and used avoidance coping strategies; the students who were under less stress and engaged less in cognitive avoidance and more in problem-focused coping were also the students who made more academic achievement; and students under more stress performed worse, but with age stress affected performance less. In teacher education students, it is important to recognize and address the harmful effects of stress on well-being and academic achievement, to avoid long-term problems in professional and personal life.     

高中生“应付方式”现状研究

面对压力、困难和挫折,高中生如何应对？使用应付方式问卷对高中生进行调查,结果表明：1.高中阶段,不管男生还是女生,都倾向于采用不成熟的应付方式来解决问题;2.在＂幻想＂、＂自责＂和＂解决问题＂上,高中生的性别差异显著;3.随着年龄的增长,高中生越来越多地采用成熟的应付方式,不成熟应付方式的使用频率逐渐减小;4.在高中阶段,＂解决问题＂的临变点在高三,＂自责＂和＂幻想＂的临变点在高二。     

Coping strategies and psychological well-being among teacher education students

The coping strategies used by students play a key role in their psychological well-being. This study examines the relationship between coping strategies and psychological well-being in a sample of 98 undergraduates aged between 19 and 42 years. Coping strategies were evaluated by means of the CRI-A (Moos, 1993), while psychological well-being was assessed using the BSI (Derogatis and Spencer, 1982). The results show a relationship between coping style and psychological well-being. Approach coping strategies as problem solving in teacher education students had a beneficial effect on symptoms of depression, phobic anxiety and overall level of psychological distress. In contrast, cognitive avoidance coping are associated with greater presence of psychological symptoms indicating distress. And behavioural avoidance strategies (search for alternative rewards and emotional discharge) were associated with negative psychological well-being. Coping strategies may help to reduce psychological distress in university students. Specifically, approach-oriented coping is associated with positive scores for psychological well-being, and avoidant emotion-focused coping—above all, behavioural avoidant coping—may be a strong predictor of psychological distress.     

弱智儿童父母心理压力与应付方式、生活质量的相关研究

目的 :探讨弱智儿童父母的心理压力与应付方式、生活质量的相关性。方法 :对 1 0 1位弱智儿童的父母采用残疾儿童父母心理压力问卷、应付方式问卷和生活质量综合评定问卷 (GQOLI)进行测评。结果 :父亲的心理压力的总分与自责和幻想的应付方式正相关 ;母亲的心理压力总分与自责和退避的应付方式有正相关。弱智儿童父亲和母亲的心理压力与生活质量呈显著负相关。多元回归结果表明 ,对父亲的心理压力贡献最大的因素是心理功能状态和采用退避的应付方式 ,对母亲的心理压力的总分贡献最大的因素是心理功能状态、采用退避和自责的应付方式以及生活质量     

Coping with school failure and self-regulated learning

The aim of the study was to explore whether students can be classified in groups according to their coping strategies in dealing with school failure and to assess relationships between coping strategies and various components of self regulated learning. The sample consisted of 470 high school students (15 to 18 years old). The students responded to two self-report questionnaires: The School Failure Coping Scale and The Components of Self-Regulated Learning.     

大学生自尊与应对方式的关系:乐观人格特质的中介效应

目的:探讨大学生自尊、乐观人格特质与应对方式的关系。方法:采用自尊量表、气质性乐观问卷与简易应对方式问卷对某高校大学生进行了问卷调查。结果:积极应对与自尊、乐观人格特质显著正相关;消极应对与自尊、乐观人格特质显著负相关;自尊与乐观人格特质显著正相关;乐观人格特质是大学生自尊与应对方式关系间的完全中介变量。结论:乐观人格特质是大学生自尊与应对方式关系间的完全中介变量。     

Stress management for school personnel: Stress-inoculation training and exercise

This study evaluated the effectiveness of Stress-Inoculation Training (SIT) with and without an exercise component and a Minimal exercise treatment (MIN) on trait anxiety, teacher stress, and coping strategies among 66 school personnel. The findings indicate that the 8-week SIT with an exercise component was more effective than MIN in reducing anxiety and teacher stress. Both groups significantly decreased emotionfocused coping and increased preventive coping; however, problem-focused coping did not change. SIT without an exercise component did not significantly affect anxiety, stress, or coping strategies; however, there is some evidence that this was due to the cyclical nature of stress in the schools. Changes in teacher stress and coping strategies occurred mainly for those who were below the median of the sample on physical fitness and anxiety prior to beginning the program. Implications of these findings for school-based stress management programs are discussed.