马术运动员的心理品质:客观测量与专家评价的不一致性

研究旨在考察对心理品质的客观测量和专家评价的一致性问题。运用心理学问卷、测试软件等客观测量方式以及专家评价方式对16名(男10人,女6人)马术盛装舞步骑手的心理品质(速度知觉、注意综合品质、状态焦虑-特质焦虑、智力水平等)进行了测量和评价。相关分析结果表明,客观测量与专家评价在智力指标上相关达到了显著性水平。回归分析发现,专家评价注意品质对运动水平具有预测力,客观测量注意稳定性、知觉水平对运动成绩具有预测力。     

自行车测试车的研制及测量原理

利用传感技术与计算机技术研制自行车测试车。通过控制受试者上体姿位,改变坐角、坐高所引起的脚蹬、车坐、手把上的力值,下肢踏蹬中运动学参数的变化进行分析,为适合于中国人人体结构特性的坐姿定位以及为所测的每个自行车运动员获得各自最优的车架结构尺寸提供理论依据和有效的原始数据。阐述该仪器测量原理、结构及硬件设计和软件功能,并着重分析三维力传感器的结构及原理。     

初探青少年排球运动员的运动动机

本文利用《运动动机量表》和《因果维度量表》对我国部分城市青少年排球运动员的内在动机、外在动机、动机弱化及与之相关的归因方式进行测量,通过对不同类型的研究对象测量结果的分析、比较,以找出其存在的差异,为我国青少年排球运动员的心理技能训练提供参考。     

运动员备战省大学生运动会参赛策略研究——以漳州卫生职业学院为例

通过对漳州卫生职业学院所有参加福建省第十四届大学生运动会试训运动员（包括最终参赛运动员）逆境认知力的测量以及对福建省第十四届大运会田径项目运动成绩水平的统计分析,探讨男女运动员在逆境应对能力上的差异,寻找相对贴近运动水平情况的报名参赛项目类别,为漳州卫生职业学院运动队的选拔及参赛项目选定提供参考。     

广州市初中体育教师胜任力现状与对策研究

从胜任力的理论基础入手,结合人力资源管理的实际,通过建立的初中体育教师胜任力指标体系,主要包括知识、能力、职业道德、心理品质等方面的个人特性,以问卷的形式对广州市初中体育教师胜任力整体水平进行调查,并针对不足提出相应的对策。为广东省体育教师的专业化发展及胜任力测评体系的建立提供实证性的依据,也可以为我国体育教师的选拔与考核提供一定的参考。     

On the Impact of New Wulong Compulsary Routine on Male P.E. Majors＇ Heart and Lung Function

运用运动人体科学的理论和方法,通过实验测量获得相关数据,从而客观评价亚洲舞龙竞赛规定套路对大学男生的心率、血压及肺活量等心肺功能影响,为亚洲舞龙竞赛规定套路对大学男生的健身效果提供依据,促进舞龙运动的发展。     

论新舞龙规定套路对体教男生心肺功能的影响

运用运动人体科学的理论和方法,通过实验测量获得相关数据,从而客观评价亚洲舞龙竞赛规定套路对大学男生的心率、血压及肺活量等心肺功能影响,为亚洲舞龙竞赛规定套路对大学男生的健身效果提供依据,促进舞龙运动的发展。     

陶瓷捏雕和透雕

捏雕和透雕作品是陶瓷雕塑中的特艺品种,作为装饰手法,捏雕、透雕可与浮雕、圆雕等综合使用。 捏雕,俗称捏花（多以花卉为选题）,手工将瓷泥捏成花瓣、松针、羽毛等物体细部,再逐一粘贴在花篮、花瓶等瓷坯上进行装饰、烧造而成。捏雕瓷器为陈设品,具有艺术欣费性。《瓷都风采·潮州》邮资图（PF2006-17,图1）上的菊花瓶,最引人注目的是捏雕而成的菊花。     

对健身俱乐部锻炼人群的分析——以湘潭市健力美健身俱乐部为例

本文选取湘潭市健力美健身俱乐部消费者为研究对象,通过调查湘潭市健力关健身会所的健身会员群体的性别、年龄、学历、职业、消费水平时间的基本状况,以及锻炼人群选择健力美健身俱乐部的目标取向。分析城市居民体育消费行为的动机、特征、规律、影响因素及满意度等,为健身俱乐部的可持续发展提供依据,为全民健身快速发展和大众体育人口的增加提供有利条件。     

我国高校排球队员对教练领导行为与成绩表现满意度的调查研究

通过对参加首届中国大学生排球联赛(CUVA)第一赛段的400名排球运动员的调查研究,详细阐述了在不同变量背景下球员对教练领导行为和成绩表现满意度的情况及预测力,同时结合国内现状提出些建议,旨在为国内大学生排球联赛良性发展及相关研究提供些参考依据。     

Carbohydrate ingestion improves endurance performance during a 1h simulated cycling time trial

This study examined the effect of carbohydrate ingestion on metabolic and performance-related responses during and after a simulated 1h cycling time trial. Eight trained male cyclists (VO 2 peak = 66.5ml kg -1 min -1 ) rode their own bicycles mounted on a windload simulator to imitate real riding conditions. At a self-selected maximal pace, the cyclists performed two 1h rides (separated by 7 days) and were fed either an 8% carbohydrate or placebo solution. The beverages were administered 25 min before (4.5ml kg -1 ) and at the end (4.5ml kg -1 ) of the ride. With carbohydrate feeding, plasma glucose tended (P = 0.21) to rise before the time trial. Compared with rest, the plasma glucose concentration decreased significantly (P < 0.05) at the end of both rides, with no statistically significant difference being observed between treatments. Thereafter, plasma glucose increased significantly (P < 0.05) at 15 and 30 min into recovery, and was significantly higher at 30 min during the carbohydrate trial compared with the placebo trial. No significant changes in plasma free fatty acids were observed during the ride. However, a significant increase (P < 0.05) in free fatty acids was found at 15 and 30 min into recovery, with no difference between trials. Mean power output was significantly (P < 0.05) greater during the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (mean - S.E.: 277-3 and 269-3W, respectively). The greater distance covered in the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (41.5-1.06 and 41.0–1.06km, respectively; P < 0.05) was equivalent to a 44s improvement. We conclude that pre-exercise carbohydrate ingestion significantly increases endurance performance in trained cyclists during a 1h simulated time trial. Although the mechanism for this enhancement in performance with carbohydrate ingestion cannot be surmised from the present results, it could be related to a higher rate of carbohydrate oxidation, or to favourable effects of carbohydrate ingestion on the central component of fatigue.     

Science and medicine of rowing: A review

The biology and medicine of rowing are briefly reviewed. Effort in a 2000 -m race is about 70% aerobic. Because the boat (and in some instances a cox) must be propelled, successful competitors are very tall, with a large lean mass and aerobic power. Large hearts may lead to erroneous diagnoses of a cardiomyopathy. Large respiratory minute volumes must be developed by chest muscles that are also involved in rowing. The vital capacity is typically large, and breathing becomes entrained. Expiration cannot be slowed relative to inspiration (as normally occurs at high rates of ventilation) and the limiting flow velocity may be reached, with the potential for airway collapse. Performance is strongly related to the power output at the ‘anaerobic threshold’, and lactate measures provide a guide to an appropriate intensity of endurance training. Peak blood lactate levels are higher in males (commonly 11–19 mmol·l -1 and occasionally as high as 25 mmol·l -1) than in females (9–11 mmol·l -1), probably because males have a greater muscle mass in relation to blood volume. The skeletal muscles are predominantly slow twitch in type, developing an unusual force and power at low contraction velocities. Many rowers have a suboptimal diet, eating excessive amounts of fat. Lightweight rowers also have problems of weight cycling. Aerobic power and muscle endurance often change by 10% over the season, but such fluctuations can be largely avoided by a well-designed winter training programme. Injuries include back and knee problems, tenosynovitis of the wrist and, since the introduction of large blades, fractures of the costae.     

我国体育市场管理法规研究

采用调查法和比较法对全国体育市场立法和管理现状进行调查,对部分较早出台并有一定代表性的省市的体育市场管理法规的立法和管理情况进行了研究,提出了体育市场管理立法和管理的原则、基本程序、措施及其一般模式,为规范全国体育市场管理提供参考依据。     

重新认识体育的社会关联

体育与政治之间存在一个悖论，体育的发展与经济实力之间没有直线相关，体育与教育部分重叠，体育与宗教最为近缘，体育可借用科学手段，体育的艺术禀性日益明显，体育与养生反映着两种人生观。     

上海社区体育竞赛参与者的特点探析

本文在专家访谈、问卷调查、数理统计和文献资料分析的基础上,探析了上海社区体育竞赛参与者的特点、参与者对社区体育赛事运作管理的看法等问题。在此基础上从引进社区体育赛事的志愿者、整合社区体育赛事的各种资源、开发社区体育竞赛的无形资产、组建非营利性的专业团队、规范社区体育赛事的服务管理等方面提出了进一步满足上海社区居民日益增长的体育竞赛参赛需求的对策与措施。     

对全面把握游泳训练环节的探讨

从系统观点出发,结合训练实践,对全面把握游泳训练环节进行探讨。认为应强化非智力因素在运动员多年训练中的作用,在育材全过程中不断选材,从整体上把握动态训练的全过程,把培养高水平运动员的整个过程置于一个严格的科学控制之下。     

我国优秀游泳运动员出发技术辅助训练的研究

为改进我国优秀游泳运动员的出发技术,采用观测和实验方法,通过拍摄运动员陆上和水下出发技术录像以及出发计时,对出发技术进行运动生物力学诊断和分析。在此基础上,根据运动员自身特点和不同泳姿提出相应的入水启动方式,并研制出发训练辅助器材,对出发预备姿势、腾起角度以及飞行远度和入水角进行控制。实践证明:这是一种快捷、有效的出发技术辅助训练方法。     

运动性呼吸肌疲劳与耐力性项目的运动能力

影响和限制耐力性运动项目的成绩的生理因素是复杂的和多方面的,取决于训练的强度和运动成绩.大强度持续性运动可导致呼吸肌疲劳.运动性呼吸疲劳可能在决定运动耐量方面起到关键的作用：一方面通过直接影响运动肌力量的生成（外周疲劳）,另一方面,通过肢体用力自感不安反馈引起工作肌运动单位输出功率下降（中枢疲劳）.对呼吸肌进行训练,可能有助于提高耐力性项目的运动成绩.     

Identifying home advantage in international tennis and golf tournaments

A regression analysis of competitors' tournament results in relation to their world rankings was proposed to identify the effect of home advantage in international ‘grand-slam’ tennis and ‘major’ golf tournaments. The results provided little evidence of home advantage in either the grand-slam tennis or the golf tournaments held in 1993. The only possible evidence of home advantage was found in the Wimbledon tennis and the US Open golf championships. Even these findings can be explained, at least partially, by (1) the availability of information concerning the low world rankings of the British tennis players competing at Wimbledon, and (2) selective entry, allowing only the world's top-ranked foreign golfers into the US open golf tournament. In both cases, the lower ranking home competitors have a greater opportunity to perform above their anticipated world rankings. Therefore, provided entry into tennis and golf tournaments is truly ‘open’ to both the host nation's representatives and foreign competitors alike, home advantage does not appear to be a major factor influencing the competitors' performance in such competitions. These findings may be explained by the relatively objective nature of the scoring systems used in tennis and golf, unlike the subjective influence of refereeing decisions on the results of team-games such as soccer.     

对欧洲足球技战术发展趋势的思考

结合欧洲足球技战术的发展特点,就鲁能泰山足球队的体能训练、技术训练、防守阵型、进攻方式、定位球、职业态度、球星培养等诸方面所存在的不足进行了分析,提出相应的改进意见。