PBL教学法促进生物课堂教学有效性的思考

在全面推行素质教育的今天,如何提高生物课堂的教学有效性是一个重要课题。生物科学本身就是一门实验科学,对学生实际解决问题能力的培养是素质教育的核心。PBL教学法是以问题为基础的学习,是一种以学生发展为主,实现全人发展的新型教学模式,已被生物学科教育领域广泛接受和研究。本文就PBL教学法促进生物课堂有效性方面做出几点思考。     

网络环境下问题解决学习的课堂教学设计的实践研究

随着信息技术的发展,网络为教育带来了新的生机与活力。问题解决学习模式(PBL)是一种与建构主义学习理论及其教学原则非常吻合的教学模式。但在目前的教育实践中,网络环境下的问题解决学习模式还很少得到具体的实践研究。我们采取个案研究的方法,进行了网络环境下问题解决学习的课堂教学设计的实践研究,旨在探索出在网络环境下PBL与地理教学的可操作性强的整合模式。     

Problem-Based Learning,Group Process and the Mid-career Professional: Implications for Graduate Education

Problem-based learning (PBL) is becoming increasingly popular as a method of educating professionals, although its use is more widespread at undergraduate pre-service levels than in graduate education. Existing literature tends to focus upon delivery methods and student achievement at the conclusion of a PBL-based course, and little research addresses the potential of PBL to meet the needs of professionals at graduate levels. This paper focuses on a Master of Arts in leadership program centered on PBL, presenting a study of mid-career professionals' perceptions of their long-term learning attributed to PBL experiences. Participants involved program graduates, experienced professionals from a broad range of disciplines including health care, education, social services, military and peace-keeping forces, and business management. Questionnaires distributed among program graduates ( N = 166) and follow-up interviews with twenty respondents yielded themes supporting the effectiveness of problem-based learning in developing particular skills and understandings. Students perceived their most valuable learnings were related to two main areas: group process and self-knowledge (including sub-themes of learning to understand different perspectives, to cooperate, to lead small groups, to manage conflict, self-awareness, confidence, and systems thinking). Both areas were claimed by students to be valuable in their professional practice over the long term. The article closes with practical implications of these findings for professional education.     

Scaffolding Analysis: Extending the Scaffolding Metaphor to Learning Artifacts

The scaffolding metaphor was originally developed to describe the support given by a more expert individual in a one-on-one interaction. Since then, the notion of scaffolding has been applied more broadly, and it has been transformed and generalized. Most recently, it has been used by researchers in the learning sciences to describe features and functions of technological artifacts, especially those of educational software. In this article, we present an analytic framework that we believe can guide and systematize these new uses of the scaffolding metaphor. In this new framework, "scaffolds" are not features of artifacts or situations, nor is "scaffolding" something that may be occurring (or not) in a given situation that we observe. Rather, a scaffolding analysis is a kind of comparative analysis that we perform on learning interactions. Because this analysis is comparative, it always produces results that are relative to specific choices that we make in framing the comparative analysis. In this article, we present a theoretical argument for our proposed framework and illustrate the definition by applying it to two software environments.     

Influence of Scaffolding on Information Literacy and Argumentation Skills in Virtual Field Trips and Problem-Based Learning for Scientific Problem Solving

International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education - Success in problem-based learning requires both strong information literacy to search for, evaluate, and use information effectively,...     

Effectiveness of a Problem-Based Learning (PBL) Scenario for Enhancing Academic Achievement of Energy Metabolism

Research in Science Education - This research investigated the effect of problem-based learning (PBL) for the topic of energy metabolism in a biochemistry course on the academic achievements of...     

Scaffolding and Achievement in Problem-Based and Inquiry Learning: A Response to Kirschner,Sweller, and Clark (2006)

In this article, I define and distinguish between diversity and pluralism, suggesting that diversity speaks to the characteristics of persons and pluralism to the multiple criteria persons must meet in a changing society. Differences in learning styles are discussed as an example of challenges facing educators if students are to meet the changed demands for competence in the 21st century.     

Distributed Problem-Based Learning in Social Economy--Key Issues in Students' Mastery of a Structured Method for Education

This paper describes students' use of distributed problem-based learning (dPBL) in university courses in social economy. A sociocultural framework is used to analyze the actions of students, focusing their mastery of dPBL. The main data material consists of messages written in an asynchronous conferencing system. Results from the study suggest that when students engage in dPBL they take responsibility for their learning by creating necessary artifacts. Students gradually establish mutual agreement among the group members using a highly conversational approach. Establishing function on a group level is crucial for mastery of dPBL. When students comment on other students' work they exchange feedback in a collegial manner. Commenting on each other's comments promotes community building in a way that fosters reciprocity as well as engagement.     

“问题链”教学模式在高校“概论”课中的实践与探索

"问题链"教学模式是以问题逻辑为导向,以教师为主导,以学生为主体,以发展为目标的多维互动课堂教学模式,其主要特点是将教学内容问题化并在层层设问中实现问题的解决。在具体操作环节中,需要坚持教师学生"双主体"原则,构建主体间性思想政治教育模式;推出共性化与个性化问题链套餐相统一、时效性与准确性相统一等原则,结合课程重难点与社会热点问题创设课堂情景,建构相应的"问题链"技术路线,激发学生问题意识和求知兴趣。这不仅是提升"概论"课教学实效性的重要途径,也是"概论"课教学改革与创新的主要方向。     

Learning in the Absence of Direct Supervision: Person-Dependent Scaffolding

Contemporary accounts of learning emphasise the importance of immediate social partners such as teachers and co-workers. Yet, much of our learning for work occurs without such experts. This paper provides an understanding of how and why new home care workers use scaffolding to learn and enact safe manual handling techniques in their workplaces, and suggests how their learning may be supported in the absence of direct supervision. A qualitative approach was adopted for this inquiry, in which newly recruited workers were directly observed and interviewed in their workplaces following classroom training. When learning without direct supervision, these workers were found to use the scaffolding in person-dependent ways. They constructed, engaged with, and subsequently dismantled their scaffolding as personally required, rather than relying on their teacher to decide how and when these forms of learning support should be used and withdrawn. Consequently, a range of scaffolds should be provided in the workplaces of these individuals, without rigid stipulations about how and when they are to be accessed. That is, the learners themselves should be encouraged to decide on the type and frequency of their interaction with the scaffolding provided, and to access or withdraw this support as required.     

基于问题式学习教学模式的探究与实践

在工程力学的课堂教学中,运用基于问题式学习的教学模式,把学生设置到复杂、有意义的工程问题情境中,通过理论学习、查阅资料、小组讨论、合作完成问题的分析、研究与解答,有效地改变了以往学习工程力学时,学生大多处于被动和应付的状态;摆脱了从理论到理论,理论脱离实际的模式;培养了学生理论联系实际、独立分析、团结协作、解决实际工程问题的能力。     

Activity and Interaction of Students in an Electronic Learning Environment for Problem-Based Learning

This paper contains the results of an experimental study in which students used a collaborative learning tool in the time between regular meetings of a tutorial group in problem-based learning. The analysis of the learning situation for which this tool was developed, as well as the evaluation of the experiment, is based on a model of collaborative learning that covers three sections. The first is the learning environment that mediates the second section learning behaviour and the third section learning mechanisms . From the perspective of the stimulation of productivity in collaborative learning, the relation between characteristics of the problem task (learning environment) and interactions (learning behavior) was explored. In problem-based learning students formulate learning issues after a brainstorm discussion in the group. Students formulate theoretical and practical learning issues. Two research questions are presented in this study: What types of learning issues generate most interactions? and What types of learning issues generate the highest level of information processing? The first question is concerned with an analysis of the number of interactions and the second with the quality of these interactions. Practical learning issues generated more interactions, as well as a higher level of information processing. These results are discussed in the context of social factors in learning.     

Interdisciplinary Problem-Based Learning in Gerontology: A Plan of Action

Issues of older adults are often ill-structured and complex, requiring the application of insights from different disciplines to be adequately addressed. Gerontology has often used a multidisciplinary rather than an integrated interdisciplinary approach. Interdisciplinary and problem-based learning (PBL) provide pedagogical tools which teach gerontology students skills for understanding and resolving gerontological issues. The paper presents the concepts of interdisciplinarity and problem-based learning, the types of interdisciplinarity (interdisciplinarity at micro and macro levels of analysis, interdisciplinarity with different attributes of the same unit of analysis), learning outcomes of interdisciplinarity and problem-based learning, the incorporation of interdisciplinary problem-based learning in academic programs, steps of interdisciplinary problem-based study of a gerontological issue, and directions for the future study of this approach.     

问题式学习:一条集中体现建构主义思想的教学改革思路

国外当前教育改革的浪潮中 ,问题式学习是一种与建构主义学习理论及其教学原则非常吻合的教学模式 ,目前正越来越多地被许多教育和培训领域所采用和重视。这种模式以问题为核心 ,让学生围绕问题展开知识建构过程 ,藉此过程促进学生掌握灵活的知识基础和发展高层次的思维技能、解决问题能力及自主学习能力。其学习过程包括组织小组、启动问题、循环反复解决问题、成果展示以及最后的反思和评价等环节。这种教学模式与我国当前教育改革的趋势比较一致 ,对国内教学改革思路很有启迪意义。     

Null Effects of Perceptual Disfluency on Learning Outcomes in a Text-Based Educational Context: a Meta-analysis

Recent research in a text-based educational context has demonstrated a seemingly paradoxical disfluency effect in reading, namely that learning with hard-to-read (disfluent) materials helps learners recall more details than learning with easy-to-read (fluent) materials. Many follow-up studies using a variety of participants, learning materials, and experimental designs have been conducted to verify the effects of disfluency manipulation on recall, transfer, judgments of learning, and learning time. However, a number of them have failed to replicate this effect and the mixed findings bring into question the generality of the disfluency effect with respect to learning. In this meta-analysis, we tested the overall effect of perceptual disfluency on learning with texts, as well as moderators of this effect, based on 25 empirical articles involving 3135 participants. Results showed that overall, there was no effect of perceptual disfluency on recall (d?=???0.01) or transfer (d?=?0.03), but perceptual disfluency did reduce participants’ judgments of learning (d?=???0.43) and increase learning time (d?=?0.52). Tests of moderation focused on the most commonly studied dependent measure, namely recall. There was no evidence that characteristics of the participants, learning material, or experimental design moderated the effect of perceptual disfluency on recall. In general, though perceptual disfluency can be used as an effective metacognitive cue to reduce judgments of learning and increase learning time, there is not enough evidence to show that it either stimulates analytic processing or increases extraneous cognitive load.     

全球化视域内的思想政治教育实效性研究

思想政治教育实效性一直是思想政治教育理论研究者高度关注的问题,在全球化的背景下,思想政治教育的环境、任务、内容、渠道和对象都发生了很大的变化,对思想政治教育实效性带来了一系列挑战,思想政治教育实效性存在一定程度的弱化.为了应对这些挑战,我们可以从坚持马克思主义理论,保证思想政治教育的价值导向;明确培养目标,丰富思想政治...     

Effectiveness of Computer-Based Chemistry Instruction in Enhancing the Learning of Content and Variable Control Under Guided Versus Unguided Conditions

Computerized learning environments offer several possibilities that can be used to improve the teaching of content along with the process. Research indicates that students benefit from additional guidance, particularly when computer-based instruction requires active construction of knowledge. This study examines the relative effectiveness of guided versus unguided computer-based instruction with respect to regular instruction in improving content knowledge and process skills among students with low and high chemistry achievement levels. The results indicate that the effectiveness of computer-based instruction increases when learning is supported by teacher-directed guidance. Computer-based instruction (with or without guidance) was observed to be more effective than regular instruction in improving process skills particularly for students with high chemistry achievement. However, although the students who received regular or guided computer-based instruction showed significant gains in content knowledge, students under unguided condition failed to construct the expected content knowledge.