冰雪体育旅游探析

观光旅游向休闲度假旅游的转变进程中,体育旅游开始凸现。冰雪体育旅游是我国部分省市所独有的旅游资源,合理有效地开发,将为体育产业拓展巨大的发展空间,也为旅游业提供可以利用的旅游资源和发展动力。主要采用文献资料法,对冰雪体育旅游的定义、特点以及冰雪体育旅游的资源分类进行分析、探讨。     

浅谈冰雪旅游与体育文化

对国际冰雪旅游的动态和我国现实进行了阐述,提出了我国冰雪旅游与体育文化资源开发与利用的建议.     

Scaling the cricket pitch to fit junior players

ABSTRACT

Studies in several sports have shown the benefits of adapting the playing environment to fit junior players. Frequently the changes are pragmatic choices based on space constraints or existing line markings, or the result of simple scaling based on stature. In this study, a method of scaling the cricket pitch length is presented which is based on the age-specific size and performance of the bowlers and batters. The objective was a pitch length which enabled young bowlers to bowl good length deliveries while releasing the ball at a more downward angle, similar to elite bowlers. The steeper release angle has the benefit of reducing the sensitivity of the ball flight distance to the variability of ball release. Based on data from county standard under-10 and under-11 players a pitch length of 16.22 yards (14.83 m) was calculated, 19% shorter than previously recommended for under-11s in England. A shorter pitch also increases the temporal challenge for batters, encouraging a wider variety of shots and improved anticipation skills. Pitch lengths scaled in this way to fit the players’ abilities as they develop will enable a more consistent ball release by bowlers and more consistent temporal demand for batters.     

黑龙江省冰雪体育旅游实现可持续性发展面临的问题和对策

分析了黑龙江省冰雪体育旅游产业发展中存在的问题,认为只有理顺管理体制、加大宣传促销力度,实施名牌发展战略,才能促进黑龙江省冰雪旅游产业可持续性发展。     

哈尔滨冰雪旅游市场的现状与趋势--对春节黄金周期间来哈国内外地游客的调查分析

以2004年春节黄金周期间来哈尔滨的外地游客为研究对象,通过社会调查的方式,围绕哈尔滨的冰雪印象、城市风貌印象、服务业印象第3个方面,了解外地旅客的需求状况,分析哈尔滨作为全国闻名的冰雪旅游城市吸引游客的因素以及不足所在,以寻求哈尔滨冰雪旅游市场健康、可持续发展的有效途径.     

浅议黑龙江省冰雪旅游产业现状及发展

通过对黑龙江省冰雪旅游产业现状的分析,阐述了冰雪旅游的发展及冰雪旅游对黑龙江省经济建设的作用,并根据黑龙江省冰雪旅游产业发展的需要,对发展对策进行了一定的思考.     

文化渗透给黑龙江省冰雪体育旅游业发展带来的启示

黑龙江省冰雪体育游业应从冰雪旅游资源特点和市场条件出发,采取与其他省市不同的发展战略:挖掘冰雪体育旅游资源的独特品质,将文化内涵渗入到冰雪体育旅游产品之中,形成别具一格的冰雪体育旅游产品定位,培育文化品牌,走差异化发展之路.     

开发冰雪体育旅游业的思考

随着社会主义市场经济体制的建立和发展,促进了生产力的发展和人民生活水平的提高,引起人们追求更高层次生活方式和体育消费.冰雪运动是我国北方居民健身、娱乐和体育消费的最佳项目之一,它作为体育旅游业已成为我国经济发展的一个新的增长点.对开展冰雪运动和开发冬季体育旅游产业,振兴我国北方地区经济发展,使冬季体育和冰雪旅游业达到双赢局面提出一些对策性意见.     

冰雪体育旅游网络营销的创新研究

冰雪体育旅游是我国的一个新兴产业,由于它的目标人群与我国的网民特征基本相符,并且具有开展网络营销的诸多优势,因此深化网络营销在冰雪体育旅游中的作用,对于推动冰雪体育旅游产业的发展具有重要意义.但目前我国的冰雪体旅游网络营销现状却不尽如人意,从网站设计、营销手段到营销服务都存在着一系列问题.针对这些问题提出了几条创新策略.     

对齐齐哈尔市开发冬季冰雪旅游产业的研究

从齐齐哈尔市冰雪旅游市场开发的现状入手,分析冰雪旅游这一新型产业继哈尔滨市、长春市后在齐齐哈尔市大力开发的可行性和必要性,找出适合齐市开发的冰雪旅游项目,为促进齐市冰雪旅游产业快速、健康发展提供依据.     

Effect of different types of cricket batting pads on the running and turning speed in cricket batting

The aim of this study was to compare a batsman's running and turning speed during three runs while wearing either traditional batting pads or one of two models of newly designed cricket batting pads. Fifteen cricketers participated. The running and turning speeds were measured on three different days with players using the three pairs of batting pads for each trial in random order. The weights of the pads were 1.85 kg, 1.70 kg and 1.30 kg for P¹, P² and P³ respectively. Each player had to run three runs (3 × 17.68m), with the times recorded at the completion of each run, as well as the time to cover the distance from 5 m before and after the turn at the end of the first run. The fastest time from two trials for each pair of pads was retained for analysis. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures was used to determine the differences between the mean times of the three trials. The results showed no significant differences between the types of batting pads and the time to complete the run‐three‐runs test (P¹ = 10.67 ± 0.48 s; P² = 10.67 ± 0.43; P³ = 10.69 ± 0.44 s), the turning time (P¹ = 2.34 ± 0.18 s; P² = 2.32 ± 0.18 s; P³ = 2.35 ± 0.19 s) and to complete the third run (P¹ = 3.49 ± 0.44 s; P² = 3.53 ± 0.34 s; P³ = 3.51 ± 0.36 s). Of the 45 trials of three runs used for analysis, P, recorded the fastest time on 16 trials (36%), P² on 19 trials (42%) and P³ on 10 trials (22%). The results showed no significant differences in the running or turning speeds, although there may be some practical relevance to using the newly designed cricket batting pads.     

Effect of different types of cricket batting pads on the running and turning speed in cricket batting

The aim of this study was to compare a batsman's running and turning speed during three runs while wearing either traditional batting pads or one of two models of newly designed cricket batting pads. Fifteen cricketers participated. The running and turning speeds were measured on three different days with players using the three pairs of batting pads for each trial in random order. The weights of the pads were 1.85 kg, 1.70 kg and 1.30 kg for P1, P2 and P3 respectively. Each player had to run three runs (3 x 17.68m), with the times recorded at the completion of each run, as well as the time to cover the distance from 5 m before and after the turn at the end of the first run. The fastest time from two trials for each pair of pads was retained for analysis. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures was used to determine the differences between the mean times of the three trials. The results showed no significant differences between the types of batting pads and the time to complete the run-three-runs test (P1 = 10.67 +/- 0.48 s; P2 = 10.67 +/- 0.43; P3 = 10.69 +/- 0.44 s), the turning time (P1 = 2.34 +/- 0.18 s; P2 = 2.32 +/- 0.18 s; P3 = 2.35 +/- 0.19 s) and to complete the third run (P1 = 3.49 +/- 0.44 s; P2 = 3.53 +/- 0.34 s; P3 = 3.51 +/- 0.36 s). Of the 45 trials of three runs used for analysis, P1 recorded the fastest time on 16 trials (36%), P2 on 19 trials (42%) and P3 on 10 trials (22%). The results showed no significant differences in the running or turning speeds, although there may be some practical relevance to using the newly designed cricket batting pads.     

发展黑龙江省冰雪旅游产业的对策研究

介绍了黑龙江省冰雪旅游产业的基本情况和存在的问题,提出了相应的对策.     

黑龙江省滑雪旅游业可持续发展的对策研究

黑龙江省滑雪旅游发展取得了一定的成就,但也面临着许多的问题.要实现黑龙江省滑雪旅游的可持续发展,我们应采取客观评价,合理规划;加强基础建设,保证规范发展;开展全民健身,加强人才培养;树立环境观念,保持生态平衡;承办赛事,创立品牌,扩大关联效应等措施,以保证体育旅游的可持续发展.     

Back injuries and the fast bowler in cricket

Here, I review research that has investigated the aetiology of injuries experienced by adolescent and adult fast bowlers. Mechanical factors play an important role in the aetiology of degenerative processes and injuries to the lumbar spine. This is particularly so in fast bowling, where a player must absorb vertical and horizontal components of the ground reaction force that are approximately five and two times body weight at front-foot and rear-foot impact, respectively. Attenuated forces are transmitted to the spine through the lower limb, while additional forces at the lumbo-sacral junction are caused by trunk hyperextension, lateral flexion and twisting during the delivery stride. Fast bowlers are classified as side-on, front-on or mixed. The mixed action is categorized by the lower body configuration of the front-on action and the upper body configuration of the side-on technique. This upper body configuration is produced by counter-rotation away from the batsman in the transverse plane about the longitudinal axis of the body of a line through the two shoulders. Counter-rotations of 12-40 degrees during a delivery stride have predicted an increased incidence of lumbar spondylolysis, disc abnormality and muscle injury in fast bowlers. During the delivery stride, the mixed bowling action also shows: more lateral flexion and hyperextension of the lumbar spine at front-foot impact, and a greater range of motion of the trunk over the delivery stride when compared with the side-on and front-on techniques. The pars interarticularis of each vertebra is vulnerable to injury if repetitive flexion, rotation and hyperextension are present in the activity. Fast bowlers should reduce shoulder counter-rotation during the delivery stride to reduce the incidence of back injuries. When a player is required to bowl for extended periods irrespective of technique, overuse is also related to an increased incidence of back injuries and must be avoided.     

Back injuries and the fast bowler in cricket

Here, I review research that has investigated the aetiology of injuries experienced by adolescent and adult fast bowlers. Mechanical factors play an important role in the aetiology of degenerative processes and injuries to the lumbar spine. This is particularly so in fast bowling, where a player must absorb vertical and horizontal components of the ground reaction force that are approximately five and two times body weight at front-foot and rear-foot impact, respectively. Attenuated forces are transmitted to the spine through the lower limb, while additional foces at the lumbo-sacral junction are caused by trunk hyperextension, lateral flexion and twisting during the delivery stride. Fast bowlers are classified as side-on, front-on or mixed. The mixed action is categorized by the lower body configuration of the front-on action and the upper body configuration of the side-on technique. This upper body configuration is produced by counter-rotation away from the batsman in the transverse plane about the longitudinal axis of the body of a line through the two shoulders. Counter-rotations of 12–40° during a delivery stride have predicted an increased incidence of lumbar spondylolysis, disc abnormality and muscle injury in fast bowlers. During the delivery stride, the mixed bowling action also shows: more lateral flexion and hyperextension of the lumbar spine at front-foot impact, and a greater range of motion of the trunk over the delivery stride when compared with the side-on and front-on techniques. The pars interarticularis of each vertebra is vulnerable to injury if repetitive flexion, rotation and hyperextension are present in the activity. Fast bowlers should reduce shoulder counter-rotation during the delivery stride to reduce the incidence of back injuries. When a player is required to bowl for extended periods irrespective of technique, overuse is also related to an increased incidence of back injuries and must be avoided.     

Elite cricket coach education: a Bourdieusian analysis

The social structures within coach education have been largely unexplored, undiscussed, and treated as unproblematic in contributing to coach learning, both in research and practice. The study used semi-structured, in-depth interviews with 11 elite cricket coaches to gather their perceptions of an elite coach education programme. In particular, this research attempted a more nuanced critical inquiry into the impact of culture on coach learning, habitus on knowledge production and the extent to which capital structures practice within the field of cricket coach education. Data analysis followed abductive reasoning, combining inductive thematic analyses of the data, with a deductive abstraction of these themes within a Bourdieusian framework to provide a level of explanation to the data. The findings present coach education as a complex social field in which coaches were active social beings in the (re)production of coaching knowledge. The culture of cricket was found to perpetuate a powerful doxic system that highlighted the tensions and conflict between an accepted model of coach education with a singular and prescribed body of knowledge and a strong underlying sporting culture and individuals hierarchically placed within it. This data further highlighted how coach education contributes to the (re)production of power within the field of cricket coaching.     

The science and medicine of cricket: an overview and update

Research into the science and medicine underlying cricket performance and injury has progressed since the First World Congress of Science and Medicine in Cricket in 1999. This review covers material on the physiological and psychological demands of the game and preparation for it, the biomechanics and motor control of cricket skills, the psychology of team dynamics, performance analysis and cricket injuries. Technological aspects of cricket equipment are also covered, where such research could influence injury risk or player performance. Fielding remains the least studied of the skills. Much more research needs to be done before we can gain a full understanding of the scientific aspects of the game. There is a need to address common definitions of injury, along with more research into injury mechanisms. Research on batting needs to bring together motor control and biomechanics more fully. The fitness demands of the game are still poorly understood, along with the mechanisms causing fatigue. Evaluation of the efficacy of intervention strategies needs to continue and to develop. The applications of research need to be communicated more to coaches and players--for example, in team dynamics--so that they can be applied, and tested further, in international matches.