加拿大的学前教育机构

帆帆快三岁了,到了该走出家门慢慢接触、融入外面世界的阶段,上幼儿园自然是首选。因此,最近我开始关注加拿大学前教育机构的情况。不同于国内的学前教育机构,加拿大的学前教育机构分类更细一些,     

新型城镇化进程中学前教育发展与管理模式

新型城镇化是以社会和谐、城乡一体协调发展、全面提升城镇化质量和水平为特征的城镇化。新型城镇化建设对农村学前教育提出了"教育质量"的挑战。当前我国城镇化进程中农村学前教育的发展面临政府投入不足、办园条件差、"小学化"倾向严重以及师资队伍素质偏低等问题。妥善解决农村学前教育的问题,必须探索适合新型城镇化的教育管理模式,明确政府职责,加大对农村学前教育支持力度,改善幼儿园办园条件,努力提高农村幼儿教师队伍的整体水平,建立农村幼儿园质量评估体系,才能促进农村学前教育的健康发展。     

当前学前教育管理模式的创新研究

对于幼儿来讲,学前教育体现为不可忽视的价值与意义。这是由于,学前教育是否能达到最优的教学实效性,其在根本上关乎孩子们自身具备的综合知识水准。从现阶段的学前教育视角看,针对学前教育施行的教育管理模式并没能真正达到健全,其中仍然表现为亟待优化之处。因此针对学前教育在施行管理时,有关部门应当全面明晰学前教育管理具备的价值与意义,在此前提下探求可行的创新举措。     

加拿大学前教育政策:历史、经验与走向

加拿大学前教育政策始于联邦建立前,历经前政府干预、援助儿童家庭、辅助地方政府、建设国家学前教育体系等四个阶段,逐渐形成"强地方弱中央"的管理体系、趋向一体的幼儿教育与保育、重视公平和质量的政策倾向等特色。但由于过度依赖市场力量,出现了财政投入增长慢、不稳定,保教学位不足,保教收费高,补助少,保育教师待遇差,工会化程度低等问题。基于此,加拿大儿童保育政策会议提议建立国家学前教育公共服务体系,为加拿大学前教育政策未来发展指明了方向。     

加拿大学前教育的环境要求与教学模式

加拿大的教育非常注重儿童的自由发展,环境育人是加拿大学前教育机构的教育理念之一．其前提是为适龄儿童提供合适的学习环境,使儿童的潜能得以最大发挥．所以,加拿大的学前教育环境丰富多彩。     

营利性高等教育研究概述与展望

目前,营利性高等教育的发展,尤其是美国营利性高等教育的发展在高等教育学界引起了很大反响。近十年来,有关营利性高等教育的研究主要集中在营利性高等教育机构与非营利性高等教育的关系研究、典型个案研究、教职工群体研究、学生概况研究。在此研究基础上,对营利性高等教育的研究应转向对人的关注和对社会责任的关注。     

试论我国营利性高等教育机构的发展

分析了我国营利性高等教育机构存在的主要形式、发展原因、管理特点,认为营利性高等教育机构有其存在的现实需求,教育的“营利性”与“公益性”并非是对立的,如果政府政策到位,相关约束机制合理,发展营利性高等教育机构对社会整体公益性的发展是有益处的。     

美国营利性教育机构研究

本从美国营利性教育机构的发展概况入手，提出以下观点：教育需求是营利性教育机构产生的直接动因，产权是营利性教育机构发展的制度保障，健全的法规和认证制度规范了营利性教育机构的发展。最后，提出了营利性教育机构在发展过程中面临的一些问题。     

美国营利性教育机构研究

文章从美国营利性教育机构的发展概况入手，提出以下几个观点：教育需求是营利性教育机构产生的直接动因；产权是营利性教育机构发展的制度保障；健全的法规与认证制度规范了营利性教育机构的发展。在文章的最后，提出了营利性教育机构在发展过程中面临的一些问题。     

国外营利性教育集团发展研究

本文从企业集团的发展、机理入手,分析了营利性教育集团的发展机理及其组织管理问题。通过分析认为,营利性教育机构应符合群体博弈的要求,以集约而非粗放的经营方式与教育产业发展相适应,以集团运作方式作为自身发展的组织解决方案。教育集团组织形式是营利性教育机构规模化发展的适宜方式。通过分析国外营利性教育集团的发展状况和发展环境认为,国外营利性教育集团是在教育民营化的背景下、在具备了按市场要求配置教育资源、组织教育运行所需要的、适宜的环境和制度下发展起来的。     

The Effects of Infant Child Care on Infant-Mother Attachment Security: Results of the NICHD Study of Early Child Care NICHD Early Child Care Research Network

The aims of this investigation were to determine whether Strange Situation attachment classifications were equally valid for infants with and without extensive child-care experience in the first year of life and whether early Child Care experience, alone or in combination with mother/child factors, was associated with attachment security, and specifically with insecure-avoidant attachment. Participants were 1,153 infants and their mothers at the 10 sites of the NICHD Study of Early Child Care. Mother were interviewed, given questionnairies, and observed in play and in the home when their infants were from 1 to 15 months of age; infants were observed in child care at 6 and 15 months and in the Strange Situation at 15 months. Infants with extensive Child Care experience did not differ from infants without child-care in the distress they exhibited during separations from mother in the Strange situation or in the confidence with which trained coders assigned them attachment classifications. There were no significant main effects of Child Care experience (quality, amount, age of entry, stability, or type of care) on attachment security or avoidance. There were, however, significant man effects of maternal sensitivity and responsiveness. Significant interaction effects revealed that infants were less likely to be secure when low maternal sensitivity/responsiveness was combined with poor quality child care, more than minimal amounts of child care, or more than one care arrangement. In addition, boys experiencing many hours in care and girls in minimal amounts of care were somewhat less likely to be securely attachment.     

The Impact of Child Care Subsidy Use on Child Care Quality

In 2008, the federal government allotted $7 billion in child care subsidies to low-income families through the state-administered Child Care and Development Fund (CCDF), now the government's largest child care program (US DHHS, 2008). Although subsidies reduce costs for families and facilitate parental employment, it is unclear how they impact the quality of care families purchase. This study investigates the impact of government subsidization on parents’ selection of child care quality using multivariate regression and propensity score matching approaches to account for differential selection into subsidy receipt and care arrangements. Data were drawn from the Child Care Supplement to the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (CCS-FFCWS), conducted in 2002 and 2003 in 14 of the 20 FFCWS cities when focal children were 3 years old (N = 456). Our results indicate that families who used subsidies chose higher quality care than comparable mothers who did not use subsidies, but only because subsidy recipients were more likely to use center-based care. Subgroup analyses revealed that families using subsidies purchased higher-quality home-based care but lower-quality center-based care than comparable non-recipients. Findings suggest that child care subsidies may serve as more than a work support for low-income families by enhancing the quality of nonmaternal care children experience but that this effect is largely attributable to recipients’ using formal child care arrangements (versus kith and kin care) more often than non-recipients.     

The Impact of Child Care on Gender Role Development and Gender Stereotypes

Research has shown that gender role development is socially constructed and learned from birth. In this study, the impact of child care and the interactions that take place there are examined, with a focus on gender behavior and stereotypes. Observation data and analysis are presented. Themes representing gender stereotypes and the breaking of gender barriers are examined, and the role that caregivers can play in the fostering of gender-fair behaviors is discussed.     

美国营利性大学的管理及其启示

在过去20年中,美国营利性大学得到了快速发展,其成功经验引起了人们的广泛关注。本文从管理模式、决策过程、经营理念等角度,对美国营利性大学的管理特点进行分析,以期对我国民办高校的管理改革有所启示。     

幼儿园保教关系新论

保教工作是幼儿园教育的核心,保教关系的状态是保教质量的重要表现。梳理学术可知,保教关系经历了从"倾斜式"、"并列式"的界限分明到模糊界限的"融合式",再进一步渗透深化的历程。但不管是"倾斜式"、"并列式"亦或是"融合式"的保教关系均存在一定的局限和现实问题。笔者认为结合了"完整儿童"的特点,追求保与教平等且相融状态的"一体式"保教关系是幼儿园保教发展的必然趋势,也是较之"倾斜式"和"融合式"更为科学的关系表述。     

美国儿童保育与发展专款项目的内容与特点

作为美国第二大贫困儿童早期保教项目,"儿童保育与发展专款"项目以立法为保障,以政府为主导,以地方自主管理为原则,目标明确,体系完整,强调家长的参与,注重保教质量的提升.从而极大地促进了美国0～5岁贫困儿童早期补偿教育事业的发展.     

Quality of Center Child Care and Infant Cognitive and Language Development

The relations between quality of center-based child care and infant cognitive and language development were examined in a sample of 79 African-American 12-month-old infants. Both structural and process measures of quality of child care were collected through interviews with the center director and observation of the infant classroom. Results indicated that quality of infant care positively correlated with scores on standardized assessments of cognitive development ( Bayley Scales of Infant Development ), language development (Sequenced Inventory of Communication Development), and communication skills (Communication and Symbolic Behavior Scales). In addition, quality of care in child care centers and at home was positively related. Analyses that adjusted for this association between quality of care at home and in child care suggested that the process measure of quality of child care independently related to the infant's cognitive development, and one structural measure, the infant-adult ratio, independently related to the infant's overall communication skills. Neither child nor family factors was found to moderate the association between child care quality and infant development. These findings, in conjunction with the growing child care literature, suggest that researchers and policymakers should focus on how quality of child care can be improved to enhance, not impair, infant development.