发展全纳教育的理论与实践构想

开展全纳教育,促进有特殊教育需要学生有效参与学习,需要以多元智能、因材施教、建构主义理论为基础,运用平等、参与、合作、迁移的实施原则.当前我国发展全纳教育面临挑战.     

走向全纳教育--新加坡特殊需要教育发展概览

新加坡国土狭小 ,没有任何资源 ,唯一拥有的就是人。因此人才成为新加坡的唯一资源 ,只有充分发挥每一个新加坡人的潜能才能取得国家繁荣。经济的增长给新加坡有特殊需要者的教育向全纳教育的发展提供了坚强的后盾。本文拟简单介绍新加坡全纳教育的起步和发展 ,以期对我国有所启发。     

发展全纳教育的理论与实践构想

开展全纳教育,促进有特殊教育需要学生有效参与学习,需要以多元智能、因材施教、建构主义理论为基础,运用平等、参与、合作、迁移的实施原则。当前我国发展全纳教育面临挑战。     

全纳教育视野下特殊儿童教育研究

全纳教育起源于特殊教育,特殊教育是全纳教育的一个重要组成部分,近年来特殊教育在世界范围内发展迅速,并引起极大的关注。本文从全纳教育理念出发对我国特殊教育发展过程中出现的师资力量薄弱、教育公平难以实现、政策落实力度低、法制保障不健全等方面的问题进行了研究,并在此基础上试着提出一系列的相应解决对策。     

特殊需要儿童家长在全纳教育中的角色

全纳教育的成功开展和实施,离不开特殊需要儿童家长的支持。调查显示:特殊需要儿童家长作为全纳教育的提倡者、推动者、合作者和终身学习者的理想角色与现实角色之间存在明显冲突,家长们模糊的权利意识、被动的推动方式、消极的合作境况与缺乏支持的低效率学习状态亟需改变。要通过转变社会对特殊教育的观念、为家长赋权赋能等方式,使家长积极有效地参与到全纳教育中来。     

“特殊”到“全纳”:英国特殊教育百年发展述评

从1870年颁布《初等教育法》算起,英国特殊教育一百多年的发展历程可分为惩罚性慈善、强制性隔离、规范化治理、全纳教育四个阶段。审视英国特殊教育的百年发展历程,发现其在取得诸多成就的同时,也面临着种族歧视、特殊儿童污名化、特殊教育功利化等问题与挑战。总结英国特殊教育的百年发展经验,发现教育理念与制度的不断完善、特殊教育组织的积极探索和社会民众的广泛参与是其成功的关键。     

从全纳教育视角探析我国特殊教育师资培养

特殊教育师资的有效培养是促进我国特殊教育事业发展的先决条件和重要途径。在“大特殊教育”理念的指导下,全纳教育的发展趋势带给特殊教育的师资培养和发展新的要求和挑战。在全面理解全纳教育内涵的基础上,寻找我国特殊教育师资培养的问题及出路,并提出教育理念的接纳与转变、教师队伍的专业化、开放的培养体系及资源整合等建议,为我国在全纳教育背景下特殊教育师培养和发展途径提供理论参考。     

转变观念--实施全纳教育的前提

全纳教育已成为当今世界各国教育发展的一大趋势.由于全纳教育的理论还不成熟,人们对于全纳教育的理解还存在较大的分歧.要实施全纳教育,就应该把握全纳教育的实质,实现观念的转变,即特殊教育需要从个别到普遍,教育对象从部分到全体,受教育权从绝对平等到教育机会均等,教育环境从隔离到最少受限制,教育目的从学会生存到积极参与.相关人员都应该从各自的角色出发,转变观念,树立全纳教育理念,促进全纳教育的实施.     

全纳教育视角下特殊儿童的教育公平

全纳教育的核心内涵就是教育公平.特殊儿童作为弱势群体中一个规模较大的群体,在其接受教育时,用全纳教育的思想指导,更有利于特殊儿童享受公平的教育权利.本文基于全纳教育视角,试图从受教育权利平等、教育过程的公平及教育结果的公平三个方面论述教育公平理念,并在此基础上提出促进全纳教育的发展是促进特殊儿童教育公平的有效途径.     

全纳教育：让特殊儿童回归校园

“你喜欢上学吗？”“不喜欢！”“为什么？”“看不见！”“你将来干什么？”“受苦！”     

融合教育背景下芬兰特殊需要学生的支持模式

21世纪以来,芬兰在PISA测试中表现卓越。究其重要原因,芬兰高质量且均衡化的教育背后离不开体系完备、运行良好的针对特殊需要学生的支持模式。在经历了完全隔离式支持模式、半隔离式支持模式和双层支持模式之后,芬兰建立起涵盖一般支持、密集支持和特殊支持的三层支持模式,以尽早发现学生的学习困难,确保所有学生均可以在最佳的环境和适当的支持下受益。此外,这一支持模式还配套了完善的政策法规体系、健全的经费保障机制以及高素质专业化的教师队伍,呈现出平等融合、尽早干预、动态灵活、多元参与以及高度自治等特点。     

Parental Experiences and Beliefs Regarding Inclusive Placements of their Special Needs Children

Parents of children with special needs face many challenges. One of the challenges is the placement of their children in inclusive early childhood education settings. This article explores these challenges and offers practical suggestions regarding the involvement and support of parents of children with special needs in the placement of their children in appropriate educational settings.     

教育协作理事会:特殊需要儿童社会支持系统的探索

“教育协作理事会”整合了政府、社区、企事业单位、志愿者等各种人力与物质资源, 构建了特殊需要儿童的社会支持系统.     

特殊儿童家庭社会支持情况调查报告

对221户特殊儿童家长问卷的调查显示,特殊儿童家庭面临的三大困难是:经济困难、康复和特殊教育知识缺乏以及时间和精力不足。特殊儿童家庭实际获得的社会支持很少。一方面,社会现有资源未得到合理利用;另一方面,各系统层面所提供的支持未能很好满足特殊儿童家庭的需要,特别是支持源与被支持者之间的沟通渠道不通畅。     

In Transition: Experiences of Parents of Children with Special Needs at School Entry

Pre-school children with special needs face a complex transition to school, requiring additional administrative, social and educational support. In this study, parents of 40 children with special needs reported on the transition to school experience of their 4–6-year-old child. They completed a measure of impact of the child’s disability on their family and an assessment of the quality of services experienced. Individual, semi-structured interviews contextualized these evaluations. Twenty children (pre-transition) were in preschool; 20 had already started school (post). Post-transition parents reported less average disability impact on family, generally lower perception of quality of care than pre-transition ones, and long waiting periods for school-based support. Most parents, however, reported satisfactory linkages between prior-to-school services and school. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that, despite the current climate of support for early child development, barriers for satisfactory transition to school still exist, and are largely due to low effectiveness of existing policies.     

Children with Special Education Needs and Subjective Well-being: Social and Personal Influence

Children and adolescents with cognitive and developmental difficulties show difficulty in social interaction, feelings of rejection, autonomy, social rules and in behavioural and emotional self-regulation. Importantly, their subjective well-being is associated to social support and personal factors, such as self-esteem and a positive self-image. The data were collected in 16 schools, 8 in the North Region and 8 in the Lisbon Region of Portugal. The sample is composed by 1181 young people of which 51.5% were female, with ages ranging between 8 and 17 years. From the sample, 2.6% had special educational needs (SEN), and 3% did not use the Portuguese language at home. 12.2% had been retained one grade or more. Three regression models were built. Model 1 establishes the association between having SEN, grade and subjective well-being. The final model with all variables showed that social and personal characteristics present a stronger explicative value on children and adolescents’ subjective well-being. The model also showed that, when social and personal variables are included the association between being a student with SEN and well-being is not statistically significant. Research and intervention implications include the need to promote subjective well-being, social and personal skills and a positive development in children and adolescents with SEN.