Single-parent college students' attributions toward academic success

This study investigated female single-parent college students' own attributions of academic success. A sample of 28 single-parent students participated in the study. Results indicated that single-parent students who are more successful make different causal attributions in regard to their GPA than do those who are less successful.     

Influences on students' academic growth during four years of college

This study modeled the sources of influence on students' reported academic development over a four-year period, focusing on institutionally controllable influences on student growth and assessing how those influences vary from one year to another. A LISREL analysis indicated that students' academic integration level in each of the four years had a direct effect on reported academic skill development in that year and an indirect effect on reported growth in succeeding years. Social integration was influential in students' reported academic growth only (but prominently) in the junior and senior years. The nature and strength of the influences varied over time, however, with academic and social integration appearing to reverse their positions in relative importance over the period.An earlier version of this paper was presented at the Twenty-Sixth Annual Forum of the Association for Institutional Research, Orlando, Fla., June 22–25, 1986.     

Influences on students' perceptions of their personal development during the first three years of college

This study sought to determine whether students' perceptions of their personal growth are related to their college experiences after controlling for their precollege characteristics, whether the amount of reported development varies over the first three years of college, and whether the influences on students' perceived personal development vary from one year to another. Results indicate that students' self-reported personal development is unattributable to their precollege traits and is remarkably constant from the freshman through junior years. Differences between men and women in reported growth are, however, evident. The sources of influence on reported growth vary over the three years; the only common influence is informal contact with faculty.An earlier version of this paper was presented to the annual Forum of the Association for Institutional Research, Toronto, May 1983.     

Sources of academic stress: the case of first year Jewish and Arab college students in Israel

This study examined socioculturel and gender group differences in perceptions of major sources of academic stress in first year college students, in addition to the relationship between reported academic stress and college achievement. Data were collected via a self-administered student stress inventory given to a sample of 184 Jewish and 209 Arab college undergraduates studying in a major Israel university. They evaluated the personal stressfulness of each of 53 potential sources of academic stress along a 6-point Likert-type scale covering a wide range of potential academic Stressors (academic curriculum and course requirements, course evaluation procedures, college instruction, social milieu and cultural factors on campus, college administration and bureaucracy, physical conditions and accommodations, economic factors, organismic and interpersonal factors, student expectations, daily hassles and constraints). Arab, lower-status, and female students were hypothesized and found to be more stressed than their respective Jewish, upper-class and male counterparts, respectively. Cultural group background was found to be the most salient background predictor of student stress, followed by social class and gender, with each exerting independent (noninteractive) effects. Although group differences were observed in mean ratings, there proved to be a strong correspondence in the hierarchy of perceived Stressors across sociocultural and gender subgroups. As a whole, students appeared to be most stressed by pressures originating from course overload and academic evaluation procedures and least stressed by a variety of personal, familial, and social factors. Furthermore, student stress and achievement factors were found to be inversely correlated, with little evidence for the contention that stress differentially debilitates the academic performance of students as a function of gender or sociocultural group membership. The findings also lend some evidence to the cross-cultural generalizability of major stressors in academia.     

基于PEST模型的当代大学生学业辅导体系构建

新世纪,发展性学业辅导作为一种全新的学生工作理念,受到了教育界广泛关注。为研究当代大学生"学业辅导"影响因素,在分析发展性学业辅导内涵与特点基础上,引入企业管理领域中PEST模型并加以拓展,形成政治、个人、经济、社会和技术五大类影响因素。据此,从理念和实践层面提出构建发展性学业辅导体系的思路和方法。     

Effect of individualized goal-setting on college biology students' locus of control

This study investigated the effect of Individualized Goal-Setting A-T, relative to Classic A-T, on a student's locus of control (generalized and academic). This study also examined the effect of pretesting, relative to no pretesting, on a student's locus of control. Sixty students in an introductory, Audio-Tutorial, college zoology course were randomly assigned to treatment and control groups. Control groups (Classic A-T) completed the course in the usual manner. Treatment groups (IGS A-T) completed the course in the usual manner with one exception. That is, they used a different format for Optional Minicourse mastery. This new format released greater control to students over means as well as ends of minicourse mastery. Data were collected through use of the Solomon Four-Group design, with two levels of treatment (Classic A-T, IGS A-T) and two levels of pretesting (pretest, no pretest). Instruments included the Rotter I-E and Schafer Academic I-E Locus of Control Scales. Posttest scores were analyzed by a 2 × 2 multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). The following conclusions were made (p < 0.10).

• 1 IGS A-T, relative to Classic A-T, has no significant effect on a student's locus of control.
• 2 Pretesting, relative to no pretesting, has no significant effect on posttest locus of control.

     

Determinants of college students' overall evaluations of their academic programs

This research explored the determinants of college seniors' overall evaluations of their academic programs (i.e., their major departments). The research was conducted with a sample of 775 students at two universities. The results suggest that, in general, stimulating course work and good teaching were somewhat more important than opportunities for faculty/student interaction or perceived faculty knowledgeability. There were significant field and gender differences, however. For example, faculty availability and course stimulation were more critical among women than among men, and faculty teaching ability was particularly significant in artistic fields. Theoretical and applied implications are discussed.An earlier version of this paper was presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association, Chicago, April 1985.     

高校创新创业教育对大学生成功智力发展的影响

创新创业教育已成为高校人才培养模式的重要组成部分,但对学生学业发展的影响尚未得到充分的关注.通过数理统计分析发现,高校创新创业教育水平对成功智力水平发展具有正向作用.大学生创新能力和创新动机对分析性智力、创造性智力和实践性智力具有正向作用;在人口学变量方面,高校创新创业教育水平在性别、年级、母亲受教育程度方面存在显著性差异;大学生成功智力水平在性别、年级、生源地、学校类型、母亲受教育程度方面存在显著性差异.     

高校创新创业教育对大学生成功智力发展的影响

创新创业教育已成为高校人才培养模式的重要组成部分,但对学生学业发展的影响尚未得到充分的关注.通过数理统计分析发现,高校创新创业教育水平对成功智力水平发展具有正向作用.大学生创新能力和创新动机对分析性智力、创造性智力和实践性智力具有正向作用;在人口学变量方面,高校创新创业教育水平在性别、年级、母亲受教育程度方面存在显著性差异;大学生成功智力水平在性别、年级、生源地、学校类型、母亲受教育程度方面存在显著性差异.     

Role of the Big Five personality traits in predicting college students' academic motivation and achievement

College students (308 undergraduates) completed the Five Factor Inventory and the Academic Motivations Scale, and reported their college grade point average (GPA). A correlation analysis revealed an interesting pattern of significant relationships. Further, regression analyses indicated that conscientiousness and openness explained 17% of the variance in intrinsic motivation; conscientiousness and extraversion explained 13% of the variance in extrinsic motivation; and conscientiousness and agreeableness explained 11% of the variance in amotivation. Further, four personality traits (conscientiousness, openness, neuroticism, and agreeableness) explained 14% of the variance in GPA; and intrinsic motivation to accomplish things explained 5% of the variance in GPA. Finally, conscientiousness emerged as a partial mediator of the relationship between intrinsic motivation to accomplish and GPA. These results are interpreted within the context of what educators could do to encourage and nurture student motivation and achievement.     

Changes in self-esteem across the first year in college: the role of achievement goals

This longitudinal study examined the effects of achievement goals on the growth trajectories of self-esteem during the first-year at a comprehensive public university. College freshmen (N?=?311) were followed for one academic year with three time points. Between-individual differences and within-individual change in achievement goals were distinguished and used as predictors for the growth trajectories of self-esteem. A growth curve analysis revealed that initially high mastery goals and subsequent increases in mastery goals were related to high self-esteem while initially high performance-avoidance goals were related to low self-esteem. The initial levels of performance-approach goals were not related to self-esteem but subsequent increases in performance-approach goals were associated with low self-esteem. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.     

大学生心理冲突及其原因探析

在当代大学生群体中存在着许多心理冲突,主要表现为“物质追求与精神追求“、“实际能力与期望值”和“情感与理智”等方面,这些心理冲突有其深刻的社会背景和大学生自身的原因,正确认识和化解这些冲突是保持大学生心理健康的重要环节。     

The interactive attribution of school success in multi-ethnic schools

The study shows how explanations for school success are expressed and dialogically constructed during teacher–parent conferences at school. Attribution theory is used to conceptualize the various explanations for school success that were expressed. However, instead of only looking at attributions as beliefs which individuals or groups ‘have’, the aim of this study is to show how attributions are part of co-constructed processes in which multiple partners impact upon each other’s attributions over the course of a conversation. The results indicated that in the conversations between teachers and minority parents, school performance is more often attributed to effort while in conversations with majority parents, psychological attributions were more common. Besides these differences in content, the process through which these accounts were constructed was different. While the diagnosis on what went wrong was more commonly constructed in case of the conversations with majority parents, they were more characterised by opposition or a passive position by the parent in case of the conversations with minority parents. The analyses show that instead of a simple mismatch between explanations of the home and the school, these explanations are interactionally co-constructed as both parents and teachers necessarily ‘re’-act on each other’s claims and understanding of school success. The results ultimately reveal how the interactive process impacted upon the construction of the attributions and the possibilities this creates for partnerships between parents and teachers to create an understanding of the child’s academic potential across home and school.     

大学生英语语言消费热的冷思考

随着我国对外交往的深入和大学生英语水平的提高,对于英语学习的"费高效低"的批评一直不绝于耳。如何正确引导大学生的英语语言消费,推进大学英语课程改革,成为摆在高校英语教师面前的一项紧迫的任务。     

学习方式理论研究对大学一年级英语教学的启示

搞好英语教学,必须了解学生的学习方式。本主要探讨教师如何运用学习方式理论来指导大学一年级英语教学以及如何帮助一年级大学生掌握适合自己的学习方式等问题。在论述中作探讨了教师该如何针对学生的学习方式相对调整自己的教学方式,特别强调了如何培养学生学习方式的自我导向。     

公外专科英语教学方法探究

公外专科英语教学的目的不仅要求学生掌握一定的英语语言知识,还要培养学生的语言技能和语言综合能力,为进一步提高和应用英语打下基础。本文从教学实际出发,对专科英语的教学原则、教学内容和具体的教学方法分别进行探讨,旨在提高专科英语的教学质量。     

浅议大学生就业的法律救济问题

随着全球化经济的快速发展,社会上对高素质人才的需求也逐渐加大,使得大学生在就业时的门槛越来越高,使得在人力资源市场上占主体人才供给群的大学生已经不再具备一定的优势,并且大学生在刚出校门选择就业时,由于急功近利、法律保护意识淡薄等原因,容易被用人单位所利用,从而损害自身的合法权益。因此,维护大学生毕业就业应有的合法权益,是值得人们探讨的话题。本文针对大学生就业的法律救济问题进行分析探讨,并指出大学生应如何利用法律武器来维护自身合法权益。