果树栽培修剪教学实习的改革与实践

果树栽培学是园艺专业的一门主干课程。该课程突出的特点是具有很强的技术性和实践性。因此,强化学生实际动手能力是学好这门课程的主要途径。针对以往果树修剪实习中存在的问题和毕业生反馈的信息,近年来我们组织有关教师专门开展讨论,集思广益,大胆改革,使修剪实习不断在实践中完善,形成了具有特色的教学实习。通过在教学实践中的应用,显示     

果树修剪实习教学三步曲

果树修剪实习教学三步曲赵学德果树修剪是栽培学的一个重要组成部分，更是果树生产栽培管理的一项重要技术和较难掌握的一门学问。因此，修剪实习教学要求高、难度大，学生感觉接受难、掌握慢。为做好修剪实习教学，使学生在较短的时间内掌握此项技术，近年来，我们作了多...     

如何指导学生进行果树冬剪实习

果树的整形修剪是一项十分重要并且较难掌握的技术。该项技术的运用一定要根据果树的生物学特性、自然环境条件、经济条件、栽培情况和管理技术水平进行。为准确有效地实施修剪，必须掌握有关整形修剪技术和果树的品种特征。通过修剪，使果树在一定空间范围内形成较大的有效光合面积，形成有利于生产管理的树体结构。     

园林专业树木修剪实习的改革与实践

园林树木修剪是园林专业园林树木栽培养护学课程的重要实习内容。根据实习课程内容和实践教学特点,对树木修剪实习在教学时间安排、树种选择、实习组织、多媒体的配合应用、实习的延伸五个方面进行了改革与实践。通过实习教学改革,提高了学生的实践和创新能力。     

PowerPoint 2003的动画效果在果树修剪教学上的应用

PowerPoint是目前制作多媒体课件的流行软件,已在教学、学术报告中普遍使用。在果树修剪教学中,需要有能反映修剪过程及修剪效果的图文并茂的动画演示,但是真正运用‘自定义动画’功能来设计果树修剪教学课件的报道甚少。本文根据果树修剪教学的特点,简明扼要地介绍了PowerPoint 2003新增的‘自定义动画’功能在果树修剪教学中的应用。     

修剪自己

总看见，果树修剪后，累累硕果会挂满枝头；草坪修剪后，茵茵绿草会愈发柔韧；灌木修剪后，呈现出了视觉上的美感。     

柑桔的夏季修剪技术

为了保证柑桔的丰产和稳产，作通过多年的实作，总结了柑桔橘树的夏季修剪技术。     

果树修剪技能训练创新方法的探索与实践

果树整形修剪技术性强，操作复杂，灵活多变，初学者在短期内很难掌握，在教与学之间形成了一道难关。作者根据教学和生产实践经验，通过对整形修剪理论教学的改革和技能训练方法的探索，形成了一个高效、快捷、易行、实用的修剪技能训练新方法。教学实践证明，此方法能够有效地增强学生的学习兴趣，缩短教学时间，提高教学质量。     

如何指导学生进行果树冬剪实习

果树修剪技术是林果专业的主要专业技能,冬剪实习则是培养和训练这一技能的必要途径。笔者在多年的果树冬剪实习教学中．不断探索、归纳总结出了“七步指导法”。具体做法如下：     

果树修剪教学模式改革与探索

整形修剪是果树方向学生的必备技能,是专业实践类课程的重要组成部分.为提高教学质量,增强学生实践能力和职业技能,我们在教学组织形式、时间分配、简化果树整形修剪技能、基地建设、考核方式等方面进行了教学改革.结果表明,这些举措显著调动了学生的积极性,增强了学生操作实践技能,取得了较好的教学效果.     

浅谈有机果品的生产技术

生产有机果品已成为现代农业生产的一条必由之路。本文从果品生产的修剪管理、施肥管理、病虫防治等三个方面,简要介绍了有机果品的生产技术。     

枣树丰产栽培技术

枣树的栽培管理技术是：在萌芽期栽植，在盛花期进行环剥调节营养生长与结果生长的关系，在花期喷植物生长调节剂，在休眠期，生长期生长修剪。     

Firmness measurement of peach by impact force response

The impact force response of a peach impacting on a metal flat-surface was considered as nondestructive determination of firmness. The objectives were to analyze the effect of firmness, drop height, fruit mass, and impact orientation on the impact force parameters, and to establish a relationship between the impact force parameter and firmness. The effect of fruit firmness, drop height and fruit mass on the impact force parameters (coefficient of restitution, percentage of energy absorbed, and coefficient of force-time) was evaluated. The study found that the coefficient of restitution, percentage of energy absorbed, and force-time impact coefficient were significantly affected by fruit ripeness, but not affected by drop height, impact position (fruit cheek), and mass. The percentage of absorbed energy increased with ripeness, while the force-time impact coefficient and coefficient of restitution decreased with ripeness. Relationships were obtained between the three impact characteristic parameters (force-time impact coefficient, coefficient of restitution, and percentage of energy absorbed) and peach firmness using a polynomial model (R~2=0.932), S model (R~2=0.910), and exponential model (R~2=0.941), respectively.     

Introduction to “reflections”: An attempt to make our research reporting more personal

This study evaluated the effectiveness of students' self-recording of their teachers' daily expectancies, as measured by percentage of expectancies met. Two male and two female middle school students participated in the study, three of whom had learning disabilities. The fourth student received services for behavioral disorders. Students were given a schedule with headings for three of their general education classes, one special education class, and designated locker times. Listed under each heading were the expected behaviors for that class or locker visit, which were derived via consultation with the teachers. A multiple baseline across participants design was utilized to evaluate the effects of (a) carrying schedules without self-recording, and (b) self-recording whether the expectancies were or were not met. Self-recording was effective across students in increasing the percentage of teachers' expectancies exhibited, whereas carrying the schedule without self-recording had no discernable effect. Maintenance was evidenced across students. Subsequent exploratory mani- pulations were made, including an abbreviated schedule on which key words replaced each expectancy. The results of the study are discussed with respect to their applied implications, reactivity, stimulus control, and generalization. Directions for future research are discussed.     

Promoting Pre-service Elementary Students' Understanding of Chemical Equilibrium through Discussions in Small Groups

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of small group discussion on students' conceptual understanding of chemical equilibrium. Students' understanding of chemical equilibrium concepts was measured using the Misconception Identification Test. The test consisted of 30 items and administered as pre-posttests to a total of 81 pre-service elementary students in two intact classes of the same university. One of the classes was randomly assigned as experimental group (n = 40) which was instructed with discussion propositions related to chemical equilibrium concepts in small group and the other class was assigned as control group (n = 41) which was instructed through traditionally designed chemistry instruction. Analysis of covariate (ANCOVA) was used to determine treatment effects on students' conceptual understanding of chemical equilibrium when pre-test result was used a covariate. The analysis of results showed a statistically significant difference between the experimental and control groups' posttest mean scores in favor of the experimental group after treatment (F(1,78) = 47,77; P < 0.05). The results indicated that while the average percentage of students in the experimental group holding a scientifically correct concept had risen from 35.0% to 59.1%, a gain of 24.1%, the percentage of correct responses of the students in the control group had increased from 32.5% to 43.82%, a gain of 11.32% after treatment. In addition, the percentages of students' correct responses and keyed misconceptions on posttest results were discussed for six areas related to: (1) the mass vs. concentration, (2) rate vs. extent, (3) constancy of the equilibrium constant, (4) misuse of Le Chatelier's principle, (5) constant concentration, and (6) competing equilibria related to chemical equilibrium concepts in experimental and control groups.     

Fruit shape detection by level set

A novel approach for fruit shape detection in RGB space was proposed,which was based on fast level set and Chan-Vese model named as Modified Chan-Vese model(MCV) . This new algorithm is fast and suitable for fruit sorting because it does not need re-initializing. MCV has three advantages compared to the traditional methods. First,it provides a unified frame-work for detecting fruit shape boundary,and does not need any preprocessing even though the raw image is noisy or blurred. Second,if the fruit has different colors at the edges,it can detect perfect boundary. Third,it processed directly in color space without any transformations that may lose much information. The proposed method has been applied to fruit shape detection with promising result.     

Genetic analysis of fruit shape traits at different maturation stages in sponge gourd

The fruit shape is important quantitative trait closely related to the fruit quality. However, the genetic model of fruit shapes has not been proposed. Therefore, in the present study, analysis of genetic effects for fruit shape traits （fruit length and fruit perimeter） in sponge gourd was conducted by employing a developmental genetic model including fruit direct effects and maternal effects. Analysis approaches of unconditional and conditional variances were applied to evaluate the genetic behavior of fruit shape traits at economical and physiological maturation times. The results of variance analysis indicated that fruit length and fruit perimeter were simultaneously affected by fruit direct genetic effects and maternal effects. Fruit direct genetic effects were relatively more important for fruit shape traits at whole developmental period. The gene expression was most active at the economical maturation stage （1-12 d after flowering） for two shape traits, and the activation of gene was mostly due to direct dominance effects at physiological maturation stage （13-60 datter flowering）. The coefficients due to different genetic effects, as well as the phenotypic correlation coefficients, varied significantly between fruit shape traits themselves at various maturation stages. The results showed that it was relatively easy to improve fruit shape traits for industrial purpose by carefully selecting the parents at economical maturation stage instead of that at physiological maturation stage.     

设施栽培下不同品种薄皮甜瓜花粉萌发及坐果率的比较

对早春大棚栽培的薄皮甜瓜,采用花粉离体培养和氯化三苯基四氮唑(TTC)染色观察法,利用显微镜观察5个品种薄皮甜瓜花粉的生活力,并对其花粉萌发及坐果情况进行比较。结果表明,在设施栽培过程中,薄皮甜瓜品种‘青皮酥瓜’和‘长花皮酥瓜’花粉萌发率高,萌发率分别为85.4%和75.8%,而且花粉管伸长快,易于授粉,坐果率较高,其中‘长花皮酥瓜’的坐果率为37%,适合早春设施栽培。     

解放钟枇杷[Eriobotrya japonica(Thumb.)Lindl.]配方施肥技术研究

以常太库区红壤土山地枇杷园为对象,研究了不同配方施肥对解放钟枇杷生长和产量的影响.试验结果显示:增施枇杷专用的配方肥料能够明显促进枇杷增产,改善枇杷的果实品质,可在枇杷生产上推广应用.与CK相比,枇杷冠幅增加58.95%,干周增加20.5%,单位面积产量提高42.18%,枇杷果实平均单果重增加3.2g,可溶性固形物提高1.2%、可溶性总糖提高1.3%,枇杷果实的可滴定酸降低0.15%.