论制约农村文化建设的观念因素及其克服途径

建设社会主义新农村、推进农村文化建设,需要从物质层面和制度层面着手,大力发展农业生产力和建立健全农村社会管理体制和制度,为农村文化建设奠定坚实的物质基础和稳固的体制基础.同时要克服阻碍农村文化建设的落后的、陈旧的思想观念,克服根深蒂固的小农意识和小生产文化心理结构,以为社会主义新农村建设和农村文化建设提供文化心理的支撑.     

论社会主义新农村建设的社会条件

对社会主义新农村建设的社会条件——经济、政治、教育、文化和社会意识五要素进行了分析。经济需求、经济支持和经济竞争是新农村建设的直接动力、物质基础和刺激因素；政治制度为新农村建设提供了空间，政策和体制决定了新农村建设的方向和道路，政治行为为新农村建设提供了基础保障；教育是新农村建设的基础，教育程度决定了新农村建设的水平，教育的专门化决定了新农村建设的广度；健全的文化发展机制是新农村建设的重要前提，文化观和文化行为会对新农村建设产生重要影响；重视社会意识对新农村建设的作用，重视先进意识形式的培育和发展。     

试论乡镇成人学校在新农村建设中的地位与作用

乡镇成人学校在推动农业产业化经营，加快农村小城镇建设，实现农业现代化，促进农村剩余劳动力转移，促进高度文明、高度民主的现代农村社会进步，推动农村社会文化建设以及促进农村学习型社会建设中具有代表性作用。这些乡镇成人学校在社会主义新农村建设中发挥了重要作用，成为促进新农村建设的有力保障。     

加强对农村弱势群体政治心理的引导与调适问题探究

在新农村建设中,引导与调适农村弱势群体政治心理既是一个社会政治问题,也是一个现实的社会心理问题。农村弱势群体心理现状与社会主义新农村建设的目标和要求有较大差距,引导和调适好这部分弱势群体的政治心理意义重大,因此,建立弱势群体知识扶弱机制、心理引导机制、心理社会干预机制和社会融合机制非常必要。     

群众文化在新农村建设中的作用

文化是一个民族的根,一个民族的魂,具有凝聚、整合、同化、规范社会群体行为和心理的功能.在新农村建设中,社会主义先进文化不仅能够提高农民综合素质,促进农村经济的快速发展,同时对于协调各种利益关系,促进形成科学文明乡风,推动农村社会全面进步,都将发挥十分突出的作用.笔者结合农村实际,就如何充分发挥群众文化在新农村建设中的作用谈一些粗浅的看法.     

利用大众传媒促进社会主义新农村文化建设

“社会主义新农村建设”的内涵不仅是要发展农村经济．更要同步建设新农村文化，改变当前广大农民群众文化生活的匮乏现状，从而保证农村经济的持久发展和农村社会的和谐进步。在新农村文化建设中，相比较其他方式，大众传媒具有无可比拟的优势。然而，目前大众传媒对农村的信息传播严重不足．各级政府以及媒体应采取措施利用大众传媒促进新农村文化建设，加强政策引导，建设农村公益性媒体．综合各类型媒体构建农村复合型网状传播结构，对农传播的媒体内容和形式要切实贴近“三农”。     

论社会主义新农村文化建设的保障体系

建设社会主义新农村是一项系统工程,社会主义新农村文化建设也不能是单边的行动。经济建设、政府主导、法制健全、社会参与、培育文化产业都是新农村文化建设的基本保障。最大可能地发挥这些因素的作用将使社会主义新农村文化建设不断推进,有中国特色的社会主义文化优势将得到更好发挥。     

新农村建设中我国民俗体育文化的发展

新农村建设是党中央、国务院提出的系统的工程。民俗体育文化作为新农村建设领域的一项内容,对于推动全面发展新农村文化有重要意义。为了更好地发展民俗体育文化在新农村建设中的作用,从民俗体育文化的内涵、特征、社会作用及其制约因素等方面进行了探讨,提出了我国民俗体育文化发展的相关策略。．     

新农村休闲文化建设的发展途径

新农村休闲文化建设是社会主义新农村文化建设的重要内容,也是繁荣农村文化事业、保障农村文化权益的重要举措之一。按照社会主义新农村建设的要求,应从发挥政府的主导作用,发挥社会的辅助作用,发挥农民的自主作用,发挥农村的特色优势四个方面采取措施加强新农村休闲文化建设。     

论农村公共文化服务机制的缺失与构建

我国农村公共文化服务长期滞后于经济发展,不仅农民的文化需求得不到满足,而且影响了农村社会的和谐发展.新农村建设致力于农村社会的全面建设与协调发展,把农村文化建设和农民文化权利提高到一个新的高度.在此背景下,构建与完善农村公共文化服务机制,对于促进农村文化繁荣、社会和谐发展、推动新农村建设具有重要意义.     

The Language of Scholars as Display

Display — an expression from ethology. One thinks of a rooster in a chicken pen. Thus, the very choice of terms shows that we shall not be speaking of the professional language of the scholar at all, but rather exploring the underlying social and sociopsychological dimension of scientific language.     

Training four minute men at Vassar

The rhetorical appeal of Styron's novel as a symbolic response to contemporary American racial tensions is explicated through an examination of its strategic ramifications as a “meditation on history” and its sociopsychological implications with respect to violence, self‐definition, and social reform.     

论拓跋鲜卑民族的融合

化上的转变是完成民族融合的重要一步,这种转变促使了拓跋鲜卑民族成员社会心理与社会行为的变化。对汉化进一步“内化”的结果,使鲜卑人原初的民族意识逐渐消失、新的民族意识日益形成,当入主中原的拓跋鲜卑民族形成了与汉族相同的民族意识之后,就意味着二之间的融合已经完成,因此,民族意识的转化是考察民族融合的关键。     

A systematic procedure for constructing a valid microcomputer attitude scale

The purpose of this study was twofold: (1) to design a system for constructing Likert attitude scales as supported by the sociopsychological and measurement literature, and (2) using the design to assemble a microcomputer attitude scale for inservice and preservice teachers (n = 281). The results of the study: (1) a 15-step flow chart for designing reliable and valid attitude scales, and (2) a 23-item microcomputer Likert attitude scale with the following characteristics: (a) coefficient alpha 0.89, (b) range of adjusted item-total correlations from 0.29 to 0.62, (c) range of interitem correlations from 0.04 to 0.60, (d) correlation of 0.20 with a mathematics attitude scale and 0.02 with a reading attitude scale, and (e) favorable factor analysis and emotional intensity data.     

Home Environment and School Learning

From a systematic search of educational, psychological, and sociological literature, 18 studies of 5,831 school-aged students on the correlation of home environment and learning in eight countries over a 19-year period were selected. Correlations (the units of analysis) of intelligence, motivation, and achievement with indexes of parent stimulation of the student in the home are considerably higher than those with indexes of socioeconomic status (SES); specifically the medians (and ranges) of 92 simple correlations of home environment and learning are .37 (and .02 to .82) and of 62 multipleregression-weighted composites are .44 (and .23 to .81). Jackknifed regression estimates indicate that gender and SES of the sample affect the sizes of the correlations and suggest priorities for future primary investigations. The analyses suggest that ability and achievement are more closely linked to the sociopsychological environment and intellectual stimulation in the home than they are to parental socioeconomic status indicators such as occupation and amount of education.     

Attitudes and Cultural Background and Their Relationship to English in a Multicultural Social Context: the case of male and female Arab immigrants in Canada [1]

This study investigated the relationship between attitudes and cultural background of 52 eighth‐grade Arab students in Canada and their reading comprehension of texts with English and Arabic content. An attitudes questionnaire, semi‐structured interviews and stories with cultural content in Arabic and English were used. Contrary to predictions made by schema theory, students scored higher whenever they read texts in English, their second language, regardless of cultural content. The multicultural reality of Canada seems to have provided students from different ethnic background with wide‐ranging cultural knowledge to cope successfully with unfamiliar cultural stories presented to them in the English language. Furthermore, gender differences were found among the Canadian Arab students with regard to the type of attitudes that motivated them to study English: male students showed predominantly instrumental attitudes, while females showed predominantly integrative attitudes towards learning English and becoming integrated into Canadian society. It is concluded that sociopsychological models of second‐language (L2) learning should be expanded to take into consideration gender differences and the gains that females coming from conservative societies start to achieve by learning the language of the host country and by integrating into its society.

     

Preparing Teachers to Use GIS: The Impact of a Hybrid Professional Development Program on Teachers’ Use of GIS

This article reports the findings of a 3-year study of a hybrid professional development program designed to prepare science and mathematics teachers to implement GIS in their classrooms. The study was conducted as part of the CoastLines Innovative Technology Experiences for Students and Teachers project funded by the National Science Foundation. Three cohorts of teachers participated in the program, with each participant receiving 40 h of synchronous online instruction and 80 h of in-person instruction and support over an 8-month period. Data from surveys of participants both before and after the program were analyzed using correlation, ordinary least squares, and ordered logit regression analyses. The analyses revealed increases in the self-reported frequency of GIS use and enhanced feelings of preparation, competence, community, and comfort with respect to using GIS for instruction. A composite index of all impact variables was positively influenced as well. The statistical analyses found a strong relationship between self-reported feelings of preparation and use of GIS. Some support was found for the idea that feelings of competence, community, and comfort were related to the teachers’ sense of preparation. The findings suggest that a robust hybrid model of teacher professional development can prepare teachers to use GIS in their classrooms. More research is needed to understand how hybrid models influence the sociopsychological and other dimensions that support teachers’ feelings of preparation to implement GIS.

     

A Structural Equation Modelling on the Factors Affecting Intolerance of Uncertainty and Worry Among a Select Group of Filipino Elderly

Across the literature, the interest in the phenomenon of intolerance of uncertainty (IU) and worry has increased exponentially. However, limited empirical studies exist about the factors that affect IU and worry among older people. The purpose of the study was to examine the impact of spirituality, self-efficacy, and knowledge about aging on IU and worry. A total of 219 Filipino elderly were recruited from institutionalized and hospital care settings. A multiaspect questionnaire was utilized to measure spirituality, self-efficacy, knowledge, intolerance uncertainty, and worry. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was used to explore the dimensions of IU and worry. Moreover, structural equation modelling was used to test the hypothesized model. Results of EFA identified four factor dimensions of uncertainty, namely: perfection-driven uncertainty, apprehension-driven uncertainty, avoidance-driven uncertainty, negativism-driven uncertainty. Further, three factor dimensions of worry were also distinguished: constant worriers, obsessive-compulsive worriers, and happy-go-lucky worriers. Moreover, results of structural equation modeling (SEM) showed interaction among the variables presented. Additionally, spirituality showed a positive effect on self-efficacy. However, self-efficacy does not have an effect on IU and worry. Nevertheless, an emerging path between knowledge and IU supported the claim of Nuevo, Wetherell, Montorio, Ruiz, and Cabrera (2009). The study was able to determine the positive effect of spirituality to self-efficacy and its existing correlation with knowledge about aging in relation to elderly's IU and worry. The emerging model can serve as a reference for nurses to address the sociopsychological needs of the geriatric clients employing spirituality and psychiatric nursing.     

加州大学的治理变革及启示

从控制走向协调,以治理代替管理,既是世界高等教育改革的趋势,也是美国公立大学一直努力的方向,而加州大学则是将这种努力践行得较为彻底的一个成功典范.这种努力具体表现为加州大学一方面通过与政府签订协约、引入市场机制、寻求校外群体的支持等形式来弱化政府的管制色彩,另一方面又充分发挥董事会、学术委员会等治理机构的协调作用,为大学自治提供一系列的缓冲与保护.