我国亚热带地区普通高校大学生冬季课外体育活动调查研究

我国亚热带地区冬季湿冷,且高校处于学期末,这一特定时期内的大学生课外体育锻炼值得关注。对所处该地域的武汉、长沙、南昌、合肥、郑州、南京等六座省会城市中18所高校的2500名在校大学生冬季锻炼状况的调查发现,大学生参加冬季课外体育活动的需求较高,但受气候恶劣、场地不足、学习考试压力大等因素的影响,大学生此阶段参加课外体育活动的强度较小、持续时间较短,锻炼质量明显下降。亚热带地区高校应改善大学生冬季体育锻炼环境和条件,以保证大学生冬季身心健康。     

宁夏城市老年人参加体育锻炼现状调查与研究

运用文献资料法、问卷调查法、数理统计法对宁夏城市老年人慢性疾病、健康状况及体育锻炼的现状进行调查研究,结果表明:(1)宁夏城市老年人健康状况和体育锻炼方面有明显的性别差异(p＜0.00),而在患慢性病方面没有明显的性别差异(P＞0.00).(2)宁夏城市老年人参加体育锻炼呈现出锻炼意识强、锻炼动机明确、锻炼项目多元化、锻炼场所较集中等特点.结论:宁夏城市老年人参加体育锻炼的状况较好,参加体育锻炼的主要目的是防病治病,老年人经常选择免费场所进行锻炼.     

我国老年人生活方式和体育锻炼的现状调查

本文采用问卷调查法对全国16个省会城市老年人群的健康状况和参加体育锻炼的基本情况进行调查，调查结果发现：目前国内老年人退休后身体健康状况令人担忧，值得注意的是老年人余暇时间参加的活动大多数与体育锻炼有关系，而且大多数老年人以参加有氧运动为主，这对推行全民健身计划有十分重要的现实意义。     

我国残疾人参与体育锻炼的现状调查及对策研究

通过对我国不同地域,不同经济发展水平的十所城市残疾人参与体育锻炼现状进行调查研究,结果表明:我国残疾人对待体育锻炼的态度是积极的、高涨的,锻炼动机明确.但活动项目较单一;选择锻炼场所时以就近就地为原则,参加体育锻炼的形式呈自发、松散、无序的状态;从事体育锻炼的年限以5-8年最多,每次活动时间以15分钟、15-30分钟的人居多.针对研究结果提出了相应的发展对策,为进一步繁荣残疾人体育事业及推动残痰人参与正常社会体育活动提供实践依据.     

福建省成年人体育锻炼现状研究

对福建省9城市15120名成年人体育锻炼的现状进行问卷调查。结果表明，成年人参加体育活动的积极性较高，经常性地参加体育锻炼已经成为许多人生活方式的组成部分，体育场馆、公园等是成年人体育锻炼常去的场所，球类、健身操、舞蹈、跑等是成年人体育锻炼的常选项目，大部分成年人有较充足的体育锻炼时间，增强体质作为体育锻炼的主要目的得到了成年人的广泛认可。     

浅析体育锻炼对老年人应对方式的影响

通过对参加体育锻炼的老年人进行抽样调查并且和常模进行比较,结果表明：参加体育锻炼的老年人在应对应激时总体上较为积极,特别是女性老年人参加体育锻炼后,消极应对方式大大减少,这说明参加体育锻炼的女性老年人在应对应激时会比一般女性采取更为积极的方式去应对。     

东北城市传统体育锻炼人群参与现状调查与分析

采用问卷调查法、访谈法等对东北地区三大省会城市沈阳、吉林、哈尔滨的传统体育锻炼人群进行了调研,掌握了这一锻炼群体的传统体育行为特征和锻炼动机,了解了他们传统体育参与的现状,提出了在东北地区城市中传统体育锻炼的开展对策和建议,以期推动东北地区城市传统体育的发展.     

中国城镇与乡村居民参加体育锻炼的差异分析

对2007年中国城乡居民参加体育锻炼现状调查数据进行分析,分析中国城镇与乡村居民参加体育锻炼的差异特征.研究认为,中国城镇居民体育锻炼的参与程度高于乡村,城乡居民在参加体育锻炼的"传统"项目上存在趋同性、在"时尚、现代项目"上存在差异性,中国城镇居民在正规体育场所锻炼的人数比例高于乡村,城镇居民参加体育锻炼的实物性、观赏性消费高于乡村;在体育锻炼的意识形态领域,中国城乡居民在参加体育锻炼动机上具有人本化特征,在体育锻炼中断年龄上具有年轻化特征、中断理由呈趋同化;在体育锻炼的参与方式、兴趣形成的社会化程度上,城镇高于乡村;中国乡村居民对"群体活动组织、引导,科学健身方法"等需求高于城镇.经济发展的非平衡性是造成城乡体育锻炼水平差异的根本原因;社会设施、科技资源的非均衡性是影响城乡居民体育锻炼水平差异的关键因素;城乡居民思想意识、价值观不同是造成城乡体育锻炼水平差异的直接原因.     

江苏体育学硕士研究生就业现状调查

高等教育扩张成为新的经济增长点,大规模的毕业生走向劳动力市场面临严峻的就业问题。据江苏省人才市场的统计数据显示,2011年研究生就业率低于本科生和专科生。以区域划分、经济发达程度和就业单位类型为基本分类,沿海开放城市、省会城市等经济较发达地区,学校、国家机关和国有企业,工资收入因素等成为研究生就业主要选择。由于体育专业的特殊性,本文对研究生就业信息获取、择业需求和就业指导等有关问题的分析,为体育学硕士研究生就业及相关管理部门就业指导提供借鉴。     

甘肃省城市女性居民参加社区体育健身活动的现状

运梦南鬃柿稀⑽示淼鞑椤⒎锰浮⑹硗臣频确椒?对甘肃省城市女性居民参加社区体育锻炼的现状进行调查研究.通过对社区女性居民参加体育锻炼活动的目的、内容、时间、场所、频率、方式等方面的调查,结果发现:甘肃省城市社区体育近年来发展较快,但还是存在经费匮乏、场地不足、体育健身活动缺乏医务监督和指导等一些问题.     

对我国高等院校体育俱乐部的研究

越来越多的高校以体育俱乐部的形式进行了教学改革,但目前对高校体育俱乐部的研究存在着概念模糊、分类不准确、定性不明确等问题,结合理论与实践对以上问题进行了分析,并提出了自己的见解。     

论新生活运动正当娱乐中的体育

新生活运动历时15年,涉及到了国民生活的方方面面。娱乐作为生活的重要组成部分,也受到新生活运动的影响。为了纠正社会上根深蒂固的“烟”、“赌”和“娼”等不良风气,新生活运动组织十分重视对正当娱乐的提倡,对体育尤为重视。蒋介石本人在新生活运动周年纪念大会上专门提到过体育问题。体育活动曾被作为新生活运动的年度中心工作或者工作要点来开展。虽然最后对体育的提倡没有达到十分理想的效果,但确实引导了国民的健康观念。新生活运动组织还培养了数量不多的体育人员,为近代体育的发展注入了动力。     

Changes in repeated-sprint performance in relation to change in locomotor profile in highly-trained young soccer players

Abstract

The aim of this study was to examine the effects of changes in maximal aerobic (MAS) and sprinting (MSS) speeds and the anaerobic reserve (ASR) on repeated-sprint performance. Two hundred and seventy highly-trained soccer players (14.5 ± 1.6 year) completed three times per season (over 5 years) a maximal incremental running test to approach MAS, a 40-m sprint with 10-m splits to assess MSS and a repeated-sprint test (10 × 30-m sprints), where best (RSb) and mean (RSm) sprint times, and percentage of speed decrement (%Dec) were calculated. ASR was calculated as MSS-MAS. While ?RSb were related to ?MSS and ?body mass (r² = 0.42, 90%CL[0.34;0.49] for the overall multiple regression, n = 334), ?RSm was also correlated with ?MAS and ?sum of 7 skinfolds (r² = 0.43 [0.35;0.50], n = 334). There was a small and positive association between ?%Dec and ?MAS (r² = 0.02 [?0.07;0.11], n = 334). Substantial ?MSS and ?MAS had a predictive value of 70 and 55% for ?RSm, respectively. Finally, ?ASR per se was not predictive of ?RSm (Cohen’s = +0.8 to ?0.3 with increased ASR), but the greater magnitude of ?RSm improvement was observed when MSS, MAS and ASR increased together (0.8 vs. +0.4 with ASR increased vs. not, additionally to MSS and MAS). Low-cost field tests aimed at assessing maximal sprinting and aerobic speeds can be used to monitor ?RS performance.     

武汉市城镇居民体育消费现状的调查与分析

运用问卷调查和文献资料等方法,对武汉市居民体育消费水平、体育消费结构、体育消费影响因素、体育消费发展趋势等进行了分析研究。结果表明:居民对体育的功能和作用有深刻认识,但由于经济因素和传统习惯等影响,保守性消费观念仍占主导地位;体育消费的绝对水平较10年前大幅增长,但相对水平涨幅不大。     

2004年上海市竞技体育后备人才运动成绩比较分析

运用文献资料、专家访谈和数理统计研究方法,对上海市二、三线运动员2004年参加全国比赛前三名的成绩进行分析,并与部分省市二、三线运动员成绩比较。结果表明:上海市竞技体育后备人才部分项目在全国保持一定优势,但后备人才严重匮乏;未来几年比赛夺金人员缺乏;部分项目与其它省市有较大的差距;其它省市对上海优势项目构成较大威胁。     

Physiotherapy in Critical Care in Australia

A physiotherapist is part of the multidisciplinary team in most intensive care units in Australia. Physiotherapists are primary contact practitioners and use a comprehensive multisystem assessment that includes the respiratory, cardiovascular, neurological, and musculoskeletal systems to formulate individualized treatment plans. The traditional focus of treatment has been the respiratory management of both intubated and spontaneously breathing patients. However, the emerging evidence of the longstanding physical impairment suffered by survivors of intensive care has resulted in physiotherapists re-evaluating treatment priorities to include exercise rehabilitation as a part of standard clinical practice. The goals of respiratory physiotherapy management are to promote secretion clearance, maintain or recruit lung volume, optimize oxygenation, and prevent respiratory complications in both the intubated and spontaneously breathing patient. In the intubated patient, physiotherapists commonly employ manual and ventilator hyperinflation and positioning as treatment techniques whilst in the spontaneously breathing patients there is an emphasis on mobilization. Physiotherapists predominantly use functional activities for the rehabilitation of the critically ill patient in intensive care. While variability exists between states and centers, Australian physiotherapists actively treat critically ill patients targeting interventions based upon research evidence and individualized assessment. A trend toward more emphasis on exercise rehabilitation over respiratory management is evident.Key Words: physiotherapy, intensive care     

“体育强市”视域下上海市公共体育服务研究

公共体育服务是上海“体育强市”建设的基础支撑.“十一五”时期,上海市公共体育服务制度化建设逐渐加强,便民化设施不断增多,系列化活动初具规模,但仍面临着“制度设计”执行不力、“多元主体”供给失衡、“以需定供”尚未畅通等困境.在建设“体育强市”的过程中,应夯实公共体育服务基础,丰富公共体育服务内涵,培育公共体育服务多元主体,构建公共体育服务评价机制.     

Changes in leg kinematics in response to unpredictability in lateral jump execution

Abstract

Lateral movements like cutting are essential in many team sport disciplines. The aim of the present study was to analyse adaptations in motor control in response to task unpredictability during lateral movement execution. Twelve subjects performed lateral jumps with different landing modalities (stable, sliding or counteracting) that were either known (predictable setting) or unknown (unpredictable setting) prior to movement execution. Results revealed that regardless of the landing modality, hip joint abduction was significantly greater in the unpredictable compared to predictable setting. Furthermore, during the sliding landing modality, hip flexion decreased from 211 ± 7° to 207 ± 7° and knee flexion decreased from 26 ± 4° to 24 ± 4° at the instant of ground contact in the unpredictable compared to predictable condition. During the stable landing modality, the knee joint abduction increased from ?0.3 ± 6° to ?3 ± 6° after initial ground contact in the unpredictable compared to predictable setting. The present results support our hypothesis that pre-programmed motor activity depends on the predictability of the landing modality during lateral movements. According to its adaptation in the frontal plane and in some extent in the sagittal plane, the hip joint seems to play the major role in the modulation of the pre-programmed activity for successful lateral jump execution in an unpredictable setting. However, these kinematic adaptations are concerning since these changes were associated with higher knee abduction during the stable landing modality and therefore with possible higher risk of injury.     

论面向21世纪高等医学院校的体育改革

面对21世纪,高等医学院校体育教育改革应给学生全方位的体育教育,尤其要结合医学专业特点,提高选择和制定运动处方及指导监督他人体育健身康复的能力。