比尔·盖茨纵谈图书馆

对于信息产业界和电脑爱好者来说,著名的微软公司总裁比尔·盖茨(William H·Gates,Ⅱ)无疑是一位传奇式的英雄。他与别人联手创建的微软公司不仅在工商界创造了奇迹,而且正在掀起一场个人电脑的革命,从而在某些方面和一定程度上影响着世界的运转。1997年12月,盖茨第五次访华,再次成为人们注目的焦点。盖茨长期与图书馆打交道。他的公司曾慷慨地向一些公共图书馆捐资数百万美元以利于身处电子时代的社区居民检索信息。微软公司还拥有一座历史较长、质量优秀的图书馆。这是寰球网(World     

20世纪90年代以后欧盟公共借阅权制度的新进展

公共借阅权是指作者和其他创作者因作品在图书馆被免费出借或以其他方式使用而获得报酬的权利。欧共体理事会颁布的EC92/100,使公共借阅权制度将在欧盟全面实施。参考文献8。     

Copyright’s fair use doctrine and digital data

The digitization of works renders them not only easy to copy and distribute. It makes them easy to transform from one medium to another. Many of the same fair use questions posed by the copying or use of computer programs recur when other kinds of digital data are copied or manipulated. There are some situations in which digital copying would almost certainly be permitted as fair use, and some in which fair use defenses would be futile. This article was adapted from a column that first appeared inACM Communications. Published by permission of the Association for Computing Machinery.     

The author as agent of information policy: The relationship between economic and moral rights in copyright

A historical and theoretical analysis of the copyright environment demonstrates that both the economic rights associated with copyright and the moral rights often associated with copyright perform social functions. The latter have not been as universally embraced or adopted as the former. The lack of enthusiasm for moral rights is argued to be because the social utility of this aspect of the copyright regime has gone largely unrecognized. In fact, moral rights ensure that the information needs of the public are being met because they enhance the ability to assess the authority and reliability of information. While historically this has not been as important as enhancing the supply of information, a function performed by the economic rights of copyright, in the context of the new information environment, the role played by moral rights is becoming increasingly important. Our thesis also defines the appropriate scope of moral rights protection in copyright.     

Public information provision about policy intentions: The Dutch and Belgian experience

This paper examines the manner in which governments should inform their citizens about policy not yet adopted by the competent authority (i.e., the legislature). This is an important but often neglected issue in theory and in practice. This paper focuses on the opportunities and dangers of the public information provisions about policy intentions and presents the relevant laws, principles, and practices in the Netherlands and Belgium. Based on a case study, the paper aims to illustrate the importance of complete, timely, and factual public information provisions in the formulation stage of policymaking. Some directions for further inquiry are suggested and some lessons from the Dutch and Belgian experience are presented. The information gathered is derived from literature, from government information regulations and guidelines, from analyses of government data reports, and from a survey.     

90年代后期我国图书馆学情报学专业教育

本文把十一届三中全会以来我国图书馆学情报学专业教育的发展分为恢复、发展、巩固和调整4个阶段 ,重点是论述第四个阶段 (即90年代后期 ) ,从培养目标、课程体系和21世纪我国图书馆学情报学专业教育三个方面进行了阐述 ,并预测21世纪我国图书馆学情报学专业教育将发生根本性变化 :①在稳定中求发展 ;②在新一轮专业调整中动荡 ;③教育目标社会化、教育内容信息化、教育手段网络化     

Seeking balance: rights and exceptions in Section 108 of the US Copyright Act

The Section 108 Study Group, convened in 2005 by the Library of Congress to recommend changes to that section of the US Copyright Act to recognize the role of digital technologies in current library and archives practices, issued its Report in March 2008. The Report makes a number of recommendations that strengthen the ability of qualifying institutions to make preservation copies of both analog and digital works, including websites, to make replacement copies of works no longer commercially available, and to permit outsourcing. It recommends that museums be eligible for the Section 108 exceptions, and that the television news exception be amended to permit streaming transmission for private study, scholarship, and research. It also recommends eligible institutions be permitted to provide off‐premises digital copies to users, provided that certain requirements and restrictions be met. It also considered some other questions but came to no recommendation or conclusion, such as whether digital‐only libraries and archives should be eligible for the Section 108 exceptions.     

信息弱势群体:信息权利、信息消费和信息扶贫

在我国信息化进程中,信息弱势群体在信息权利保障方面仍存在很多问题.文章拟从信息弱势群体的信息消费和信息权利保障角度,在对信息弱势群体、信息权利、信息政策、信息消费等概念间的关系进行梳理后,分析了在信息消费过程中,我国信息弱势群体在信息权利保障方面存在的问题及原因,并针对这些问题提出了信息扶贫的对策.     

The right to know: Public access to federal information in the 1980s

This article is based on a symposium held at the University of California, Berkeley, and sponsored by the Library, University of California, Berkeley; the Librarians Association of the University of California (Berkeley Division); and the School of Library and Information Studies, University of California, Berkeley. The author examines government information controls in the context of the constitutional and statutory tradition of open access to government information in the United States. He discusses the restrictive climate in which the Reagan administration views public access and warns that restrictive national security policies may actually curtail economic growth, retard defense programs, and undermine the Constitution.     

Foil and foia compared: A comparison between the freedom of information law in israel and the u.s. freedom of information act

On May 19, 1998, the Israeli Knesset voted unanimously to pass a proposed “Freedom of Information Law.” Israel has been slow to adopt the concept of freedom of information, and although it has been acknowledged in various court rulings, it has not been embodied in legislation. The purpose of this study is to examine the Israeli Freedom of Information Law (FOIL) and to analyze it in respect to the U.S. Freedom of Information Act (FOIA). More specifically, this article looks closely at the purpose of the law, the circumstances that permit exemptions to be exercised, the provisions made within FOIL that will enable its execution, and court cases dealing with freedom of information.     

Federal information policy: Protecting the free flow of information

Federal information policy is a tangled web, woven over many decades and one which tends to trap information, rather than making it easily available. Although some of the difficulty has been caused by a lack of coherence and by some confusion among members of the Congress, the principal difficulty recently has been the lack of trust exhibited by the Reagan administration. If the United States is to regain its economic and technological health, a well-thought-out and administered Federal information policy will be the cornerstone to those ends. An informed electorate can help by assisting Congress with ideas regarding needs, both present and future. Together with an informed administration, we can, and must, create the Federal information policy that meets all our needs without jeopardizing our national security.     

Public information problems in the implementation of public policy: The long road of the reflecting license plate in Belgium

During the last ten years in Belgium, government information policies have put public information provisions at the center of policymaking. However, the contemporary daily practice of public information provision tends to be seen as incidental to the policymaking process. The introduction of the reflecting license plate in Belgium is a prime example of a case in which little attention has been paid to the quality of public information during the ongoing policy process. First, we define the notion, quality of public information, as a necessary condition for the successful implementation of policy objectives. We then chronologically outline the main policy intentions and decisions, and we describe the factors hindering the smooth introduction of the license plate, focusing on those related to information provision. Finally, we examine whether the current public management reform in the Belgian Federal administration can improve the quality of information supplied during the ongoing policy process.