Towards better information services: A framework for immigrant information needs and library services

Immigrants are among the populations in modern society that libraries are striving to serve. This study aims to develop a framework on immigrants, their information needs, and library services. Using a systematic literature review based on the grounded theory approach, 28 related articles were reviewed to identify the causes, characteristics, and the content of the information needs of immigrants. Also explored were the possible sources to satisfy these information needs and the barriers to accessing needed information. Findings indicate that personal social networks, the Internet, media sources, and institutions are the main information sources for immigrants; language, cultural differences, the digital divide, unfamiliar information systems, and psychological factors are the five major challenges for immigrants obtaining information. Based on the findings, a unified framework about immigrants, their information needs, sources to satisfy those needs, and library information services is, therefore, proposed. This framework may provide guidance for libraries and other information service agencies to better develop services and information systems for immigrants.     

不同地区老年人的日常生活信息需求

对我国不同地区老年人日常生活信息需求的分析发现,他们最关注的是新闻资讯信息、健康信息、娱乐信息、福利信息以及科普知识。     

Social inclusion of newcomers to Canada: An information problem?

This article examines how information service providers, particularly libraries, may assist effectively in meeting the information needs of immigrants. In order to understand information practices of immigrants and cater to their needs, a holistic approach is advocated that encompasses a closer examination of theories and principles of social inclusion and social capital in addition to information seeking behavior. Only through this holistic overview can one apprehend the role that information plays in the world of immigrants at various stages of their integration into their adopted society. The issues raised have implications for frontline information providers as well as for policy makers interested in programs, policies, and funding priorities concerning information provision and access strategies that enable social inclusion of newcomers and longer established immigrants into the social fabric of Canada.     

基于解释结构模型的老年人信息需求影响因素分析

[目的/意义]建立老年人信息需求影响因素解释结构模型,并对影响因素的层级关系及其对老年人信息需求的影响进行分析。[方法/过程]借鉴老年人信息需求影响因素已有科研成果,通过第一轮专家调查,确定影响老年人信息需求的20个因素,并将其归类。在此基础上,通过第二轮专家调查,确定老年人信息需求影响因素的相互关系,建立邻接矩阵;对邻接矩阵进行运算,得到可达矩阵;分解可达矩阵,将老年人信息需求影响因素划分为5个层级,建立老年人信息需求影响因素解释结构模型,并对影响因素的层级关系及其对老年人信息需求的影响进行分析。[结果/结论]老年人信息需求影响因素可分为表层因素、中层因素和深层因素。表层因素是影响老年人信息需求最为直接的因素;中层因素是影响老年人信息需求较为直接的因素;深层因素是影响老年人信息需求的根本因素。     

在线健康社区老年用户健康信息需求实证研究

[目的/意义] 目前老年用户在使用健康信息的过程中得不到满足，且有关老年用户健康信息需求的研究尚有待加强。探索老年用户健康信息需求的内容和模型并寻求相关解决途径，可丰富老年用户健康信息需求的理论研究成果，并在实践中指导老龄化社会智慧养老以及在线医疗平台服务等议题。[方法/过程] 本研究依托在线健康社区，利用先定性后定量的混合型方法开展探索性研究，首先通过访谈老年用户获取了37个健康信息需求的自由节点，继而通过问卷调研并利用因子分析方法提取了使用操作、信息搜寻、隐私与安全、诊疗行为、交互与反馈、自我实现6大类健康信息需求的树节点并进一步归纳为物理、认知和情感3类主范畴。[结果/结论] 最终构建了老年用户健康信息需求模型，并结合马斯洛需求层次理论解释老年用户健康信息需求模型的内涵并提出相应的对策和建议。     

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��[Purpose/significance] To analyze the context related to traditional Chinese medicine information behavior in the elderly, providing theoretical support and basis for effective information services.[Method/process] A grounded theory was adopted in this study. 21 older persons were in-depth interviewed face-to-face between March 2017 and June 2018. The constant comparative method and coding analysis strategies were used to analyze the data. A total of 30 concepts, 8 sub-categories, and 2 main categories was coded in this study.[Result/conclusion] The overall context of traditional Chinese medicine information behavior in the elderly consist of subject situation and personal condition which are different but working together to promote, stimulate and regulate the elderly's Chinese medicine information behavior.     

基于扎根理论的老年人中医药信息行为整体情境分析

[目的/意义] 探索和分析老年人中医药信息行为相关的情境因素,为开展更高效的中医药信息服务提供理论支撑和依据。[方法/过程] 主要采用质性研究中的扎根理论方法,于2017年3月至2018年6月,选取了22位老年人进行半结构深入访谈。针对访谈资料,采用三级编码方法,通过不断比较,对老年人中医药信息行为的情境进行深入分析。研究提出包含30个概念,8个次范畴,2个主范畴的老年人中医药信息行为情境相关概念体系。[结果/结论] 老年人中医药信息行为的情境是由主体情境和主体条件共同构建的整体情境,两个情境组成要素相互区别又共同作用,推动、激发、调节着老年人的中医药信息行为。     

美国华文报纸新探

在世界新闻传播领域里 ,华文传媒是大中华文化圈的重要媒介 ,同时是华人与所在国不可或缺的沟通桥梁 ,美国是海外华文传媒最发达的地区之一 ,本文针对华人聚集最多的加利福尼亚洲 ,透过访问及调查研究 ,分析华文报纸发展原因、现状和发展范式     

中国妇女信息需求研究

妇女占中国人口的一半。在人类已进入信息社会的今天，研究并满足妇女的信息需求应为中国图书馆工作者的一项光荣使命。本文从时代背景、现实状况、发展目标等方面对当前中国妇女的信息需求问题进行了全方位的透视，分析了妇女信息需求的特征，并指出为满足这些需求我们应该如何行动。     

老年人中医药信息处理行为的要素特征与行为路径研究

[目的/意义] 信息处理是老年人中医药信息行为过程的重要环节，对老年人中医药信息处理行为的理论探索是提升其信息处理能力和中医药信息素养的重要前提。[方法/过程] 采用质性研究设计，采取半结构式深入访谈法收集资料，并对访谈资料进行扎根理论编码分析，通过不断分析、比较，以及与现有理论对话，分析得出老年人中医药信息处理行为的要素、特征及典型路径。[结果/结论] 老年人中医药信息处理行为包括3个基本要素（目标定位、依据选择和手段选用）和19个具体要素。结合精细加工可能性模型和启发-系统模型，老年人中医药信息处理行为的目标定位及其行为路径可以划分为低认知努力（外围路径，主要采用感知、求证、比较3类信息处理手段）、高认知努力（中心路径，主要采用推理手段）和一般认知努力（两者兼有）3类。老年人中医药信息处理行为具有阶段性、困难性、处理目标时空差异性、处理过程发展性等特征。     

期待翻译软件的新突破

因特网已渗透到人们的衣食住行及社会生活各个方面, 虽然网络没有国界, 信息不分种族, 但80% 的网站和90% 的网络信息是英文的, 多数国人与世界交流受到语障制约。国家科委早已将机器翻译列入“863”计划, 近年来翻译软件成果累累, 只是这些成果与人们的要求尚有较大距离, 此项研究仍然任重道远。     

Centering Essential Immigrant Help on the Library Web site: The American Place (TAP) at Hartford Public Library

If public libraries are going to provide essential information to immigrants, they must center their efforts to help on streamlining government Web sites. The necessity for this library approach comes because of the way government agencies have chosen to communicate with immigrants and others in need of government services. This article details how Hartford Public Library developed The American Place, an electronic information center, on its Web site. In the process, staff members had to become expert in finding, analyzing, organizing and communicating information on many different kinds of immigration and refugee institutions. Other public libraries about to organize or improve the electronic information for immigrants on their Web sites will find much here to help them in their work.     

北京地区社区卫生服务人员文献信息需求分析与对策研究

调查显示,社区卫生服务人员在日常诊疗过程中的信息需求主要是"疾病基本诊疗信息"和"药品信息",占总需求的92.8%,当前满足率为41%;在科研、学习和论文写作过程中的信息需求主要集中在中文图书、中文期刊、教材、指南和规范等方面,占总需求的69.6%,当前满足率为35.1%。指出建立以社区卫生信息系统为基础、以本地区医院图书馆(室)为依托、以现有NSTL、CALIS、BALIS等为补充的文献保障体系是解决信息需求满足率不高这一问题的根本途径。     

Health literacy and health information-seeking behavior of immigrants in South Korea

Health disparities are a significant source of inequity between immigrants and native people in South Korea. The present study investigated how immigrants seek health information for their different purposes according to their health literacy ability and sociodemographic backgrounds. The study assessed immigrants' health literacy skills with the Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Medicine (REALM) and conducted surveys (N = 310) in districts with high immigrant populations. Overall, there were significant associations between health literacy ability, sociodemographic characteristics, and health information-seeking behavior among participants. The findings of the study extend the literature by addressing the association between health literacy and health information-seeking behavior in diverse sociodemographic contexts. Understanding the dynamics between the three factors provides insights for developing effective health information services and public policies to mitigate health disparities experienced by immigrants, ensuring the critical roles of online health information and health professionals as preferred or credible sources.     

关于消减我国城市信息分化问题的研究

我国城市已经形成了明显的信息分化。本文首先分析了我国城市信息贫弱者的信息需求和信息获取状况,探讨了存在的信息获取障碍。基于有关消减信息分化的理论研究,分析了发达国家消减城市信息分化的措施,总结了相关的成功经验。最后从制度、社会资本,以及信息贫弱者认知能力三个层面,提出了消减我国城市信息分化的建议。     

美国公共图书馆代际项目的认知调查

文章调研美国公共图书馆、图书馆行业协会、代际专家和代际组织对公共图书馆代际项目的认知。图书馆界普遍缺乏对代际项目的理解与关注,但未来开展代际项目的倾向明显;代际项目开展的最普遍原因是,基于馆员对社区中存在问题或未满足的需求与社区可利用资源之间的有效匹配;图书馆具有开展代际项目的多元优势;图书馆可开展的代际项目类型多种多样。公共图书馆可从推广代际服务理念、评估社区代际项目需求和条件、探索非相关性老年人和年轻人代际项目、重视并收集积极老年人形象的馆藏资源入手,推动代际项目实践的发展。     

Factors influencing information needs among cancer patients: A meta-analysis

Receiving the right information is extremely important for cancer patients as they move through the illness trajectory. However, according to previous research, not all patients are alike in the amount of information they need. A meta-analysis was conducted to study the aggregate influence of demographic and situational variables on the amount of information cancer patients need. The intent was to provide those individuals involved in information exchanges with indicators – patient characteristics and/or patient – to avoid overwhelming patients who need less information as well as to satisfy the higher needs of patients who need greater amounts of information. The pooled effect sizes produced show that younger cancer patients need more information (r = −0.26) and patients who preferred active roles in treatment decision-making express greater need for information (r = 0.38). Cancer patients' gender, thier education, time elapsed since diagnosis of cancer, and the stage of their illness may not be related to their information needs. In particular, it may be important to probe further the reasons for the lower need for information among elderly cancer patients because if their lower needs are due to their feelings of inhibition, efforts should be made in all contexts of health information transfer to enhance their information seeking.     

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调查数据表明,市民具有丰富和广泛的信息需求,并大量地利用个人和大众媒介等多种信息源,这种现象为图书情报机构提出了扩展服务范围和发展服务能力的强烈要求。     

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根据排队论的基本原理,分析了图书馆阅览服务系统的运营结构,提出了判断该系统服务工作质量的数量指标体系,建立了读者流、阅览室服务能力、服务系统效益之间的合理关系,得到了相应的数学模型,并阐明了应用该模型优化系统的途径。为图书馆整体设计和有效地运行阅览随机服务系统提供了必要的理论依据和科学手段。