大数据赋能科技馆客流分析——以中国科技馆观众大数据分析平台为例

近年来,随着信息技术的高速发展和科技馆管理要求的不断提高,为更好地了解和掌握观众所需,提升科技馆的管理和服务能力,采用大数据等先进的信息技术手段,创新更加人性化的贴身服务,已成为科技馆的迫切需求。本文以中国科技馆观众大数据分析平台为例,介绍了如何通过移动终端信号监测解决场馆内精准定位问题,并运用运营商大数据实现对科技馆客流统计、观众画像和行为分析,为大数据在科普场馆智慧化应用方面提供参考。     

The European commission's online public databases

In the context of its role in providing the day-to-day administration of the European Union, the European Commission is responsible both for stimulating the development of interactive electronic information services in Europe and for providing public online databases of information on the Union's activities. Following a brief survey of the background to the Commission's activities, this article outlines the Union's current telecommunications policy and the ongoing transition towards closer integration of the various telecommunications networks in Europe. It then describes the various practical arrangements for obtaining access to the Commission's online services, presents two of its programmes, which are intended to stimulate the professional use of electronic information services, and lists the various databases that it provides for public access.     

我国科技服务业的发展研究

基于两次经济普查数据,采用定量比较分析方法,研究我国科技服务业规模特征及发展态势。研究发现, 我国科技服务业总体规模偏小,但增长迅猛。产值及投资规模、机构及资产规模、从业人员规模等多项指标增速赶超 信息技术服务业,预计可提前实现8万亿元的既定目标。同时,存在企业规模实力不足、行业人均工资低等问题,在此 基础上提出相关建议。     

科技智库的信息服务能力及服务模式研究

智库是国家软实力的重要组成部分。科技智库具有鲜明的科技特色,在推动科技发展,提升国家科技战略 谋划和实施能力方面均具有十分重要和独特的作用。提高科技智库的信息服务能力并完善其服务模式,能让集体智慧 更好地服务于科学决策,并在服务经济社会中发挥重大作用。在分析科技智库的硬件与软件要素的基础上,探讨科技 智库的4类信息资源需求,并从服务路径、服务特点和机制等方面归纳提炼科技智库的3种信息服务模式,为我国科技 智库建设提供借鉴。     

The World Wide Web as an information system in Spain's regional administrations (1997–2000)

As a citizen's information system, the World Wide Web (Web) has led to a revolution in the information providing use of government services. It has also led to major changes in the very relationships that citizens have with their governments. The present work is an empirical analysis of the Web sites maintained by the Spanish regional government administrations. The aim is to determine the current degree of development of the technological application, the alternative service that the citizen is offered, and its evolution since 1997. The results show there to be different degrees of regional development, a notable advance in the number of new entities offering Internet-based services. They also demonstrate a slow evolution in the introduction of substantial changes into Web sites that have already been created and a great heterogeneity with respect to services provided (personnel directories, that is, addresses of functionaries and political appointees working in an Administration, press releases, tourist information, statistics, etc.). This study forms part of a broader investigation of the incidence of Internet technology within the Spanish Administration, that is, the hierarchy of organizations that administer Spain's public services.     

Information technology courses and their relationship to faculty in different professional ranks in library and information science programs

This study investigated information technology (IT) courses offered in American Library Association–accredited library and information science (LIS) programs and the role of faculty with different professional ranks in teaching those courses. More than 20% of the courses offered in 42 programs in the academic year 2002 are IT-related, and 57% of the programs require one particular IT course as part of their core requirements for the master's degree. The contents of the IT courses range widely and go beyond traditional library settings. Faculty with different professional ranks teach significantly different subject areas of the IT courses. Almost half of the junior faculty and more than half of the senior faculty are from multidisciplinary fields; others have a traditional LIS background. Junior faculty's predominant research areas are as follows: information issues; information needs, information-seeking behavior, and information services; cognitive science; systems analysis and evaluation; and information organization.     

The Client Satisfaction Survey as a Tool for Evaluating Library Fee-Based Information Services

ABSTRACT

Fee-based services deliver information to a library's non-primary clientele by providing products such as document delivery and research services, usually on a cost-recovery basis. A client satisfaction survey is one method of evaluating a fee-based information service's effectiveness in meeting its clients' needs and of learning new ways to serve customers better. To gain the most benefit and insight from the survey's results, the survey must be carefully planned and implemented. Compiling, Interpreting, and reporting the results are equally important. Finally, the staff modifies or improves services based on the survey results.     

科技信息机构服务自主创新体系

本文从建立以企业为主体,官产学研紧密结合的自主创新体系谈起,重点探讨科技信息工作如何助力自主创新.首先谈到科技信息机构为自主创新体系提供支撑资源,包括科技信息资源、科技信息网络平台、科技信息人才等.其次介绍科技信息机构为自主创新体系提供的特色服务和主动性服务.最后探讨科技信息机构应该如何完善自身建设,才能更好地服务自主创新体系.     

The ICPSR and Social Science Research

ABSTRACT

The Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research (ICPSR), a unit within the Institute for Social Research at the University of Michigan, is the world's largest social science data archive. The data sets in the ICPRS database give the social sciences librarian/subject specialist an opportunity of providing value-added bibliographic information. Access to the data sets is by membership in the consortium. This article gives an overview of the ICPSR database and of other services provided by the ICPSR, including sample usage statistics and reports. Research has shown that use of electronic resources, such as that provided by the data sets of the ICPSR, leads to an increase in publications by scholars. Librarians from a variety of disciplines—economics, political science, education, sociology, criminal justice, and social work—can help their researchers use the ICPSR's data sets to help further the goals of social science.     

Disability and accessibility in the library and information science literature: A content analysis

The library profession is a strong and vocal proponent of increased information access for people with disabilities. With the discipline's longstanding interest in the subject of services to people with disabilities, questions arise about how the profession perceives the phenomenon. How is library and information science (LIS), as a discipline, conceptualizing disability and accessibility? A content analysis of the LIS literature was conducted to examine this question. The literature provides a fertile ground for study as it reflects the profession's approaches to, and perceptions of, a topic. This research identifies the major issues and trends in the research about accessibility and disability in the LIS literature throughout a 10-year period, 2000–2010. The strongest theme in the literature is accessibility as it relates to web, database, and software, while the prevailing disability of focus is visual disabilities. The overall environment emphasizes technology more than attitudinal aspects associated with disabilities. The research could benefit from increased direct participation of people with disabilities.     

Transitioning from Print to Electronic Information Delivery: An Update from the National Research Council Canada Institute for Scientific and Technical Information

Canada's national science library, the National Research Council Canada Institute for Scientific and Technical Information, is in the process of transforming its traditional document delivery services to meet the emerging needs of users. As such, the Canada Institute for Scientific and Technical Information has developed a suite of Web-based services, partnerships, and collaborations to better serve its users. These components have been brought together to create new service offerings such as Discover, and the National Research Council Canada Institute for Scientific and Technical Information Standards Store. Quicker, more flexible and convenient access to the world's scientific, technical, and medical information from the Canada Institute for Scientific and Technical Information and from sites where users congregate across the Web is the goal of Canada Institute for Scientific and Technical Information's new breed of information delivery services.     

Assessing web services of emerging economies in an Eastern country — Taiwan's e-government

Accessibility of much country-level information and many web services, originating from governments are a global standard. The governments of emerging economies in the eastern countries especially need to adopt, without undue delay, the advanced technologies for providing better web services to their citizens. However, consideration and evaluation of the effectiveness and efficiency of governments' web services is currently lacking in previous literature. Thus, this study first adopts a computational approach suggested in the literature to measure the effectiveness of Taiwan's established, city- and county-level (25 cities and counties, and 1411 governmental units) governments' websites. Then, by considering the IT-related input and output resources as suggested by the experts of e-government during several in-depth interviews, data envelopment analysis (DEA) evaluates the efficiency of Taiwan's governmental web services. This study reveals that the well-developed web services provided by Taiwan's government are apparent in two geographically dispersed cities (north and south) and one county in the northern region of Taiwan. In addition, six cities and counties appear to be ineffective and inefficient in providing web services to Taiwan's citizens due to their geographical remoteness from the capital and small regional populations. An additional finding confirms the significant effect of population size on Taiwanese services for e-government in each city and county. Finally, this study suggests applying more attention to website designs for different levels or regions of governments and building alternative communication channels for citizens with different backgrounds. Consequently, providing citizens' most-requested services becomes easier, and the resources' distribution becomes effective and efficient for those in different geographical locations. This study's findings represent a reference for providing better electronic publically accessible services, and a benchmark for scholars conducting further research in this area.     

National library for Bangladesh

This paper gives a comprehensive account of the development of library and information science education in Africa. Ghana was first to start any kind of library education in 1944 but the formal education started at Ibadan, Nigeria in 1959. By 1970 there were six library schools; four new schools started during 1970s and another six during 1980s. Two Regional Schools with Master's programme in Information Science started in 1990. Two new schools are likely to start soon. Nigeria alone has eight schools providing professional education at all levels including PhD (which is only available in Nigeria) and an exclusive programme of Master in Information Science at ARCIS, Ibadan. Several schools, realizing the importance of new developments in information science and technology, are planning to incorporate this component into their curriculae. The existing programmes need to be assessed in context of information needs of Africa.     

Development of Library and Information Science Education in Africa

This paper gives a comprehensive account of the development of library and information science education in Africa. Ghana was first to start any kind of library education in 1944 but the formal education started at Ibadan, Nigeria in 1959. By 1970 there were six library schools; four new schools started during 1970s and another six during 1980s. Two Regional Schools with Master's programme in Information Science started in 1990. Two new schools are likely to start soon. Nigeria alone has eight schools providing professional education at all levels including PhD (which is only available in Nigeria) and an exclusive programme of Master in Information Science at ARCIS, Ibadan. Several schools, realizing the importance of new developments in information science and technology, are planning to incorporate this component into their curriculae. The existing programmes need to be assessed in context of information needs of Africa.     

Coat of arms: Dovetailing the needs of outdoor sculpture and military assets to develop more durable and adaptable paint systems

The requirements for paints used on outdoor sculpture and military vehicles are similar: overall protection for the underlying substrate, and the ability to withstand prolonged outdoor exposure and recurring physical contact. Aesthetic requirements are different but stringent for both categories of coatings and include maintaining appearance over time. Building on prior work undertaken by the United States Department of Defense (DoD) Army Research Laboratory (ARL) to modify military coating systems into a matte black paint suitable for outdoor sculpture, a long-term interdisciplinary collaboration is under way between the ARL, the Getty Conservation Institute, Mack Art Conservation, and NCP Coatings, that aims to develop and evaluate a wider range of robust paint systems with novel attributes for both the DoD and outdoor painted sculptures. For the latter, this includes coatings with a broader range of gloss, formulated with a much more varied palette. New low-gloss coatings used on military assets were used to paint sculptures by Alexander Calder, Tony Smith, and Louise Nevelson, designed to an aesthetic standard based on approved colour and gloss levels by the relevant artists’ foundations and estates, and formulated to enhance durability. These new coatings offer the ability to match or meet a range of artists’ aesthetic preferences, and to use a variety of polymeric flattening agents to control gloss levels, reduce marring, and eliminate volatile and hazardous pollutants. The use of low molecular weight (LMW) resins provides 4–8 hour pot life to assist in the application process. Compared to current resins, the LMW systems reduce organic solvent levels, are low viscosity, and permit far easier application. In addition, the replacement of typical pigments with low solar absorbing (LSA) pigmentation provides higher reflection which ‘shields’ the resin/binder system and reduces degradation. A particular advantage to conservators from this collaboration is that the coatings on DoD assets provide a convenient indicator of the paint's performance and durability. The outcome will be a unique coating system to provide enhanced durability and maintain the original coating properties for a period of 6–10 years.     

图书馆作为ISP著作权侵权责任豁免分析

图书馆作为网络服务提供者,主要功能是提供网络文献信息、网络平台服务,随之则有复制（包括临时复制）、浏览、缓存、信息传播侵权风险。图书馆（ISP）具有公益性、非营利性;图书馆与著作权法有共同价值目标：促进人类文学艺术和科学技术的进步和发展。因此,图书馆（ISP）提供网络服务,应享受“适当”的著作权豁免。     

KPO的兴起与我国科技情报服务创新

KPO的兴起与发展为我国科技情报服务业带来新的机遇。分析企业KPO需求,从科技情报机构开展KPO的条件和优势出发,分析科技情报机构面向KPO的业务内容的深化,进而从战略、体制和业务三大层面探索KPO市场环境下我国科技情报服务创新的新思路。     

基于SKOS 的国防科学技术叙词表向本体的转换研究

本文对通过<国防科学技术叙词表>来构建国防科技领域本体进行了研究.文章简要介绍了几种本体描述语言,在详细描述W3C 新推出的本体描述语言标准SKOS 的基础上,结合<国防科学技术叙词表>分析了SKOS 对于概念、属性、映射的描述方法.SKOS 具有简单、系统、全面的特点,使得本体的构建更为方便、高效,为国防领域的知识共享和重用奠定了基础.在本文的实例部分,介绍分析了<国防科学技术叙词表>,尤其是词表中的字顺表所包含的主要语义关系,之后节选了词表的枪械部分段落,在详细分析枪械体系中的概念和其中的关联关系等的基础上完成了本体的转换.