深度学习及其对图书情报学的启示

深度学习是一种新颖的机器学习方法,它已经在图像识别、语音识别、信息检索等诸多领域广泛应用并取得了巨大成功。然而,笔者参阅了近年来国内主流的情报学文献,并未发现有关深度学习的研究成果。因此,本文旨在图书情报领域引入深度学习技术,重点探讨深度学习的基本理论、应用、下一步研究重点以及对情报学的启示等问题,以期为解决图书情报学研究面临的诸多问题提供重要参考。     

美国高校图书馆参与机构学习分析研究与启示——基于IMLS《图书馆机构学习分析整合》报告的解读与思考

近年来,在图书馆价值评估活动的影响下,越来越多的美国高校图书馆开始参与到学习分析项目中来。《图书馆机构学习分析整合》是美国博物馆和图书馆服务研究所基于三次全国图书馆学习分析整合信息论坛讨论结果发布的报告,内容涉及图书馆机构学习分析整合形式,支持图书馆参与学习分析的策略方法,图书馆机构学习分析整合障碍及未来努力方向等。该报告对于指导图书馆员如何参与学习分析及应对学习分析带来的挑战具有重要的价值和意义。     

An exploratory study of the relationship between the use of the Learning Commons and students' perceived learning outcomes

This study proposes and empirically tests a model explicating the impact of the Learning Commons on university students' learning behaviors and skills development. Adapting the information literacy instruction model that is based on expectation disconfirmation theory, a series of hypotheses were developed, and data were collected through an online survey at a Hong Kong university. Responses from 388 students were subjected to a partial least squares structural equation modeling analysis. The results suggest that expectation disconfirmation theory can be applied in the domain of the Learning Commons, and that the degree to which students' expectations are confirmed affects their degree of perceived quality of and satisfaction with the Learning Commons. Perceived quality in turn influences satisfaction. Both perceived quality and satisfaction lead to psychological outcomes that produce behavioral changes and possible benefits, including time savings, effort reduction, better grades, advanced problem-solving skills, and improved learning outcomes.     

The Cognitive Learning Measure: A Three-Study Examination of Validity

Instructional communication scholars have long been interested in creating and testing alternative approaches to measuring cognitive learning. One of the existing measures, the Cognitive Learning Measure (Frisby & Martin, 2010), has not yet been fully validated. This series of three studies examined the factorial and concurrent validity of the scale. Results revealed that a three-factor measurement model was a better fit to the data than the original unidimensional factor model. Concurrent validity was established with respect to student motives, affective learning, student interest, classroom participation, and out-of-class communication with their instructors. The measure is discussed as a viable option for both operationalization of cognitive learning and as a complement to other learning tests.     

高校图书馆学习共享空间建设初探

学习共享空间是信息共享空间发展到新阶段的产物,是为满足学生对协作式学习环境的需要而兴起的一种以学生为中心的服务模式。文章简要介绍了学习共享空间的概念、构成和特征,并探讨了学习共享空间的建设原则以及实体环境、虚拟环境和支持环境的建设思路。     

公共图书馆业务转型与发展探索——东莞学习中心的建设理念与实践

学习中心是图书馆业务转型与发展的重要形态,是城市学习空间构建的核心。学习中心的建设应体现泛在学习、虚实结合、体系化和细分读者的理念,从技术、资源、服务、空间、管理等多个方面进行创新、完善和提升,构建以学习为中心的工作体系。文章介绍了东莞学习中心网络平台的开发和应用情况,并对东莞学习中心的建设发展提出进一步努力的方向和意见。     

新媒体构建创造性学习环境与模式——《广告摄影》课程采用多媒体教学手段的思考

本文依照建构主义学习理论的基本观点和思路,结合现代教育技术的发展趋势和多年来的教学实践,分析《广告摄影》课程教学的规律及特点,探讨在《广告摄影》教学中运用多媒体教学手段,实现学生的自主性学习和创造性学习的可行性。     

面向学习障碍的高校图书馆MOOC学习支持服务研究

学习障碍是影响MOOC学习者学习效能与学习持续性的主要因素。MOOC学习者主要面临MOOC选择障碍、MOOC学习自制力障碍、MOOC学习交流障碍、MOOC学习参考资源障碍、MOOC学习信息技能障碍。高校图书馆可利用自身优势,在课程选择、学习空间、学习资源、学习技能、学习反馈方面有针对性地开展MOOC学习支持服务,通过树立服务意识、健全管理制度、提升馆员素质、开展需求调研、寻求协同合作等策略帮助MOOC学习者突破障碍,提升学习支持服务质量。     

学术期刊编辑的学习力:意蕴、活化与拓展——基于知识的社会建构视角

学习是人作为高级生灵的本质特征,也是学习型社会对学术期刊编辑的客观要求。从知识的社会建构理论视角审视,学术期刊编辑既是学术传播的发现者、加工者与传承者,也是学习者与知识建构者。学术期刊编辑必须充分认识、把握学习力的意蕴,并借助编辑工作不断活化自己的学习力。通过有效学习与思维训练、注重个人知识管理、构建学习共同体、延展人际社交网络等路径,不断拓展自己的学习力。     

Understanding the Role of Instructor Rapport in the College Classroom

ABSTRACT

This study examined the discriminant validity between rapport and immediacy and tested a model using instructor rapport as the mediator between immediacy and learning. Participants (N = 146) completed measures of nonverbal immediacy, instructor rapport, perceived cognitive learning, and anticipated final course grade. Results revealed that immediacy and rapport were two distinct constructs. In testing the model, the enjoyable interaction dimension of instructor rapport mediated the relationship between immediacy and perceived learning but not anticipated final grades. The personal connection dimension of rapport mediated the relationship between immediacy and both perceived learning and anticipated final grade. These results explore the mechanism through which immediacy may lead to cognitive learning.     

打造用户学习中心:图书馆学习共享空间构建研究

学习共享空间在构建主义学习理论的影响下具有支持学习的内涵,是确立图书馆学习中心地位的重要服务模式。在充分发挥用户学习中心的功能的基础上,从物理共享空间、虚拟共享空间、文化共享空间三个维度构建学习共享空间。学习共享空间将朝参与E-learning和功能整合的趋势发展,使图书馆成为用户学习中心。     

Crafting Museum Experiences in Light of Research on Learning: Implications of the National Research Council’s Report on Informal Science Education

Abstract In this article, the editors of the recent National Research Council report Learning Science in Informal Environments: People, Places, and Pursuits discuss the report’s implications for museum professionals. The report is a synthesis of some 2,000 studies and evaluations of learning in non‐school settings such as museums. Here we focus on three specific topics discussed in the full report, which we see as particularly important for museum professionals. These are: a framework for developing and studying science learning experiences; cultural diversity as an integral resource for learning; and assessment of learning. Many museums include “learning” among their goals and many researchers concern themselves with how museums and other settings can be organized to support learning. Yet this wealth of research is rarely brought into focus and offered as guidance to the museum community.     

Learning commons: Bridging the academic and student affairs divide to enhance learning across campus

The University of Guelph Learning Commons brings student affairs professionals and librarians together to offer students a coherent and integrated approach to learning, writing, research, and technology support. It is distinguished by three characteristics: (1) a partnership model between academic and student affairs; (2) a solid foundation of theoretical perspectives to guide program development; and (3) a conceptual model to frame services. These characteristics have placed the Learning Commons in a position to play a leadership role in facilitating and enhancing learning across the university. This article describes the Learning Commons, as well as the theoretical perspectives and conceptual framework upon which the programs and services are based.     

An instructor self‐disclosure scale

This ‐paper introduces the Instructor Self‐Disclosure Scale and reports on two initial studies that address the reliability and validity of the scale. The Instructor Self‐Disclosure Scale is an 18‐item measure of the amount of instructor self‐disclosure. In Study One, instructor self‐disclosure was positively related to the student motives of relational, excuse‐making, and sycophancy. In Study Two, instructor self‐disclosure was positively related to out‐of‐class communication, the student interest dimensions of meaningfulness and impact, and cognitive learning. Additionally, the Instructor Self‐Disclosure Scale appears to be a unidimensional, internally reliable measure.     

一体化虚拟学习环境的设计与实现

介绍了一体化虚拟学习环境DLIVE的设计与实现。分析了一体化虚拟学习环境的主要功能及体系结构,从统一认证、系统的资源推荐及资源共享与无缝链接等方面探讨了系统的设计及子模块的工作流程,并讨论了该系统的发展方向。     

基于社会网络视角的学习共享空间研究

技术、信息和学习环境的革命性变化逐渐削弱了图书馆作为获取信息和知识的首要机构的地位。学习共享空间是社会网络环境下支持学生协同学习、个性化学习的学习社区和学习资源中心。图书馆员要将服务融入大学生学习的过程之中,明确交互关系、网络规模、认同感等影响大学生社会学习过程的因素,引导学生合理利用基于标签的分众分类法,使之构建交互关系,发现、讨论、评价、注释和推荐他们自己的学习资源。     

The Distance Learning Project

Abstract

The Distance Learning Project (DISLEAP) was designed to give the OCLC Office of Research a fundamental understanding of the technologies underlying current distance learning capabilities. In particular, Internet and World Wide Web-based systems were studied. A primary goal of the study was to determine what the short- and long-term impacts of distance learning might be on libraries and what role OCLC might play in supporting libraries in their involvement with distance learning. In conjunction with this study, we undertook a parallel technology assessment to support the Regional OCLC Network Director's Advisory Committee (RONDAC) Distance Learning Task Force. The latter led to the demonstration of interactive, Internet-based conferencing capabilities to the OCLC Users Council in February 1998. We then purchased and deployed White Pine Software's MeetingPoint Conferencing Server and Microsoft's NetMeeting conferencing client. This report gives the details of the results of the assessments of distance learning technologies.     

Constructing narratives of success in the introductory communication course: Using written self-assessments to understand students’ perceptions of learning

Learning outcomes assessments are an important aspect of course administration. However, these efforts tend to prioritize the perspective of instructors/administrators. This study seeks to understand how students perceive their learning gains after taking the introductory communication course. In qualitatively analyzing a sample of more than 2,500 student self-assessments, we found that students crafted narratives of success that focused on verbal and nonverbal improvements, provided accounts of growth in confidence, and demonstrated mastery of course principles. These findings incorporated student perceptions of learning and closed the assessment loop by highlighting learning outcomes that need to be better emphasized in the introductory course.     

公共图书馆学习共享空间的构建研究

学习共享空间是信息共享空间发展到新阶段的产物,其目标是通过协作的方式,多方面地为学习者的知识创造提供更快更准确的学习支持以及一体化的信息服务。文章在总结公共图书馆的社会使命的基础上,结合公共图书馆与大学图书馆在开展学习共享空间方面的对比研究,来探讨公共图书馆构建学习共享空间的必要性、可行性,并提出相应的构建模式与构建策略。     

图书馆员的团队学习

应用学习型组织理论,从团队学习的目的、意义、方法、环境文化建设等方面探讨了图书馆员的团队学习,意在提高馆员整体团队智商,发挥整体效益。