国外图书馆职业能力研究综述

[目的/意义] 分析国外图书馆职业能力研究进展,为国内相关研究提供适当参考。[方法/过程] 通过检索与“图书馆职业能力”相关的网络文献和国外全文数据库收录的学术期刊论文与学位论文,筛选出53篇核心文献,分为图书馆职业能力相关概念、图书馆职业能力类型与要素、特殊岗位图书馆员能力、图书馆职业能力调查、图书馆职业能力标准、图书馆职业能力教育6个主题进行综述。[结果/结论] 现有研究表明,人们对图书馆职业能力类型未形成共识,但整体上可分为专业能力与个人能力两大类,每类能力要素在不同学者看来是不同的;特殊岗位图书馆员职业能力明显不同;国外特别是美国颁布了许多图书馆职业能力标准;图书馆职业能力教育在国外受到高度重视,美国图书馆协会（ALA）认可的绝大多数LIS教学计划是与ALA核心能力一致的。     

美国图书馆协会《参考与用户服务馆员专业能力要求》介绍

2003年1月，ALA下属的参考与用户服务协会(RUSA)颁布了《参考与用户服务馆员专业能力要求》指引。指引将参考与用户服务馆员的能力分为获取、知识基础、营销宣传、合作、评估评价五大项，每大项下细分若干子项及其目的和实现策略。这份文献对于我国参考馆员专业素质发展与评估具有参考价值。     

Library and Informatics Skills Competencies Statements from Major Health Professional Associations

Every major health profession now provides competency statements for preparing new members for their respective professions. These competency statements normally include expectations for training health professions students in library/informatics skills. For purposes of this article, searches were conducted using various sources to produce a comprehensive 32-page Compendium <https://repository.unm.edu/handle/1928/15363> that inventories library/informatics-related competency statements. This compendium should aid readers in integrating their library/informatics skills training into various health professions education curricula.     

Integrating Information Literacy into Academic Curricula: A Professional Development Programme for Librarians at the University of Auckland

Integrating information literacy into the academic curriculum has been a core role for the University of Auckland Library for at least 10 years. The role of subject librarians is evolving from that of being service providers to being educators who are active contributors in curricular design in higher education. However, a research project conducted by the Library found that many of its subject librarians were uncertain how to promote the integration of information literacy to academic staff, and that they felt they lacked the pedagogic knowledge and skills to do so. This paper will explore the development of a programme for subject librarians which focuses on the practical aspects of how to integrate information literacy into an academic curriculum. The theoretical basis of the programme is largely based on the doctoral research of Dr. Li Wang who developed a systematic model for integrating IL into an undergraduate programme at the University of Auckland. Elements of the programme are explained and outcomes, after two years of running the programme, are explored.     

科技情报行业定位和核心业务探讨

在建设创新型国家战略的实施中,科技情报工作的地位和作用将更加重要,为此必须正确认识和解决体制和业务的定位问题,面向未来的竞争,培养其核心业务.本文认为,科技情报机构应当定位为公益性服务的研究机构,其业务内容可以沿着三条主线、两个层次展开.三条主线,一是为政府和决策部门提供战略情报研究服务和决策、管理辅助服务;二是进行科技情报资源平台建设;三是利用自身优势,参与市场竞争.两个层次,一是研究人才和研究能力的建设;二是技术人才和资源、服务体系的建设.信息资源与服务平台建设、高层次情报研究、科研项目/成果的管理和服务、科技型文化产业,则是培养未来核心业务的着力点.     

图书馆从业人员职业道德测试试题设计之我见

通过图书馆职业道德建设内涵的分析,析出图书馆从业人员职业道德测试的要素有基本知识、行为习惯、态度取向、能力应用、馆员道德、综合要素等六个方面.并提出命题的思路与注意事项.参考文献2.     

李国豪关于上海市苏州河上桥梁的意见书

李国豪为德国达姆施培特工业大学博士,是国内研究悬索桥的专家.1947年,时任上海市工务局工程师的李国豪对正在建造中之恒丰路桥、成都路桥等的设计提出意见,并就桥梁建筑风格与周围环境协调问题提出看法,指出在选择桥梁样式时还必须考虑桥与周围建筑物及邻桥的协调,苏州河自四川路桥以上河面宽度不过六七十公尺,且两岸建筑物紧靠河边,故苏州河上新建桥梁,外表为拱桥样式而实际为直梁的桥最为适宜.     

美国高校图书馆专业馆员职业能力调查与分析——高校图书馆招聘视角

文章以美国图书馆协会JobLIST网站发布的高校图书馆专业馆员招聘信息为数据源,基于高校图书馆招聘视角,就美国高校图书馆专业馆员职业能力展开调查与分析。研究发现:美国高校图书馆专业馆员的职业能力可以归纳为4大类:学历、经验、知识与技能、能力,调查的183个职位均要求至少具备4类能力中的3类;美国高校图书馆重视专业馆员的图情专业教育,图书馆从业经验是招聘专业馆员的重要条件。针对我国高校图书馆专业馆员职业能力发展,提出加强职业能力教育、制定专业馆员的职业能力要求、重视专业馆员的图情专业继续教育、专业馆员积极提升职业能力等建议。     

高校图书馆专业性纸质期刊利用效率的调查分析

本文通过调查遵义医学院近两年专业纸质期刊利用情况,评估了期刊利用成本,分析了期刊利用成本高的原因,并提出了降低成本的相应措施.     

Publishing in Scotland: Reviewing the Fragile Revival

A comparison of analyses of the Scottish publishing industry carried out in 1992, 2002 and 2007 underscores the fragility of the sector within a small country within the English-language community. A number of indices reveal either stability or stagnation and the picture emerges of the remarkable tenacity of publishing in Scotland. Although there is already a significant and vital element of state support for publishing in Scotland, further intervention will be necessary to ensure fulfilment of its potential.

Interview: Ben Lillie on Science and the Storytelling Revival

Ben Lillie is the co‐founder and host of the Story Collider, a live storytelling series, podcast, and online magazine devoted to presenting true, personal stories about the effect of science on people's lives. Since 2010, scientists and non‐scientists alike have told stories at events held at bars and other casual venues in Brooklyn and Manhattan, as well as other cities. They can be heard on the Story Collider podcast, available on iTunes and at the organization's website: storycollider.org . Lillie is also a writer and contributing editor at TED. He earned his Ph.D. in high‐energy physics at Stanford University. Peter Linett recently spoke with Lillie about the broader storytelling revival and the changing culture of science communication.     

Core Competencies to the Rescue: Taking Stock and Protecting Institutional Knowledge

What happens when the only staff member who knows how to do a particular task is no longer available? Using NASIG’s Core Competencies for Electronic Resources Librarians, the Electronic Resources and Serials Department of Auburn University set out to tackle the problem of the indispensable staff person, and discovered that expertise is never fully achieved, and competence is always a work in progress.     

Web 2.0 and Information Literacy Instruction: Aligning Technology with ACRL Standards

The purpose of this article is to report on how Web 2.0 tools in an online information literacy instruction course aligned with ACRL's Information Literacy Competency Standards for Higher Education. A qualitative case study was undertaken on an online graduate course related to information literacy instruction. Data collected included: course activities, assignments, emails, online discussions, and surveys. The educational theory of constructivism and its adherence to reflection, active learning, and social interaction was used to find patterns in the data. Activity theory provided a framework for data analysis and interpretation related to the patterns of activities that took place while students used each Web 2.0 tool. Web 2.0 was found to enhance all five information literacy standards. These standards related to collaboration, information organization, creativity, discussion, and technology education.     

预印本在网络环境下的复兴与发展

网络信息技术为预印本的发展提供了适宜的土壤,同时现有出版体制的弊端促使预印本作为交流系统时效性一种平衡机制的开发和利用。本文以arXiv为例剖析了预印本的运行机制,通过统计数据分析了其在学术信息交流中的作用。文章最后指出预印本的使用与Ingelfinger编辑政策、研究峰值相关。     

The Reality of Reference: Responsibilities and Competencies for Current Reference Librarians

Academic reference services face great challenges as they cope with the pace of technological change, competition from other information service providers, and tight budgets. In fact, some critics suggest that reference services are no longer relevant or necessary as more information moves online. This study examines a nationwide survey that reveals that reference librarians are indeed engaged in a wide variety of activities requiring a range of competencies and skills. Results of this study suggest that reference services are not dying but are evolving, with most academic reference librarians engaged in multifunction positions involving both traditional and nontraditional reference activities.     

Alternatives to the Term Paper:

The inadequacies of the traditional term paper are well-known to reference and instruction librarians. Term papers often fail to develop appropriate and mature research habits in undergraduates. Unless carefully monitored by teaching faculty, students procrastinate, do not formulate appropriate search strategies, fail to think critically about library sources consulted, and, in some cases, engage in academic dishonesty. Librarians can offer teaching faculty alternative assignments to the traditional term paper, assignments that encourage better use of library materials, stimulate student interest, develop a more holistic perspective on the artificial divisions of academia, and perhaps most important, facilitate growth in critical thinking. Robert Ennis' critical thinking goals are offered as a foundation for planning alternative library assignments - goals that include such behaviors as focussing on an issue, analyzing arguments, asking clarifying questions, evaluating reliability of sources, and examining assumptions. Alternative library assignments should be designed with these overarching goals in mind, so that students are challenged to grow intellectually. Library assignments that encourage critical thinking will foster multiple perspectives on "real world" issues, increased awareness of the assumptions used by various academic disciplines, and a questioning, thoughtful attitude toward printed information. Librarians who develop such assignments will contribute greatly to the current movement to revitalize undergraduate education.     

Aligning library instruction with the needs of basic sciences graduate students: a case study

Question:

How can an existing library instruction program be reconfigured to reach basic sciences graduate students and other patrons missed by curriculum-based instruction?

Setting:

The setting is an academic health sciences library that serves both the university and its affiliated teaching hospital.

Methods:

The existing program was redesigned to incorporate a series of seven workshops that encompassed the range of information literacy skills that graduate students in the basic sciences need. In developing the new model, the teaching librarians made changes in pedagogy, technology, marketing, and assessment strategies.

Results:

Total attendance at the sessions increased substantially in the first 2 years of the new model, increasing from an average of 20 per semester to an average of 124. Survey results provided insight about what patrons wanted to learn and how best to teach it.

Conclusion:

Modifying the program''s content and structure resulted in a program that appealed to the target audience.     

信息管理专业课程设置的规范化和特色化问题

信息管理课程设置中的规范化和特色化是当前信息管理专业教育的发展趋势,笔者分析导致专业课程设置规范化和特色化的相关因素,并提出保证专业课程设置规范化和特色化趋势沿着健康轨遂发展的若干措施。