贵州早泥盆世刺镰蕨的新观察

 刺镰蕨在早泥盆世是一种广布于世界的植物，尽管报道自许多地点，但远未完全地了解它，其主要原因是能育材料罕见。我们观察的标本采自贵州早泥盆世的丹林组。它显示具柄的孢子囊侧生于靠近叶腋的轴上，我们的标本近似球形的孢子囊和它的形态略小于雷诺的肾形孢子囊外，其它方面如：带状的营养轴上具有疏螺旋排列的镰刀状叶，具短柄的孢子囊侧生于轴上以及管胞具穿孔壁等性状与雷诺修订后的刺镰蕨完全一致。我们同意雷诺的观点，将镰蕨目升为纲，与工蕨纲和石松纲并列。它的系统位置是介于工蕨纲和石松纲之间。其下包含一目、一科三个属——镰蕨属、巴拉格瓦纳彻属和星木属。这种植物的生殖部分在中国尚属首次报道。     

中国蕨类植物的一些新分类群

在编写《中国植物志》第五卷过程中，发现三叉蕨科、实蕨科和藤蕨科的一些新分类群，预   先发表。模式标本均存中国科学院植物研究所。       

薄鳞蕨属的分类研究

在野外考察和室内标本研究的基础上，对薄鳞蕨属（中国蕨科）的分类进行了研究。 将2种 (华西薄鳞蕨和察隅薄鳞蕨) 和2变种（大叶薄鳞蕨和宽叶薄鳞蕨）进行了归并处理， 承认该属有4种1变种。     

蹄盖蕨科的亚科划分

 蹄盖蕨科的建立对蕨类植物的分类起了很大的推动作用，然而，即使按秦仁昌的狭义概念，它仍然是一个极其复杂的大科。自秦仁昌把该科划分为21个属以后，属级水平上的分类问题比较清楚了，但亚科、亚属和组的划分至今仍不成功。本文主要根据该科三个染色体基数X=42、41和40，结合孢子囊群着生的位置及其它形态特征，将其划分为3个亚科：冷蕨亚科、蹄盖蕨亚科和双盖蕨亚科。     

中国岩蕨科植物研究(二)——成熟孢子体的比较形态解剖

本文报道了国产岩蕨科19个种l变种的比较形态解剖研究结果，其中10个种为我国 特有。  通过对根、根状茎、叶轴和叶柄关节的解剖，对叶、毛状体和孢子囊群的比较形态观察，及对20种孢子扫描电镜观察，扼要讨论了它们与系统发育和分类的关系。     

中国产瘤足蕨属植物形态解剖特征及其分类学意义

文章通过查阅瘤足蕨属馆藏标本,同时结合野外不同居群及同一居群不同个体的形态解剖特征比较分析后认为,该属分类时所采用的植株大小、羽片数目、叶柄和叶轴绒毛的有无、叶柄上瘤的多少及有无等特征在不同个体中变异较大,不宜作为物种划分的依据;叶柄中部横切面、叶片为羽裂还是羽状、叶片顶部为奇数羽状还是羽状深裂、叶为革质还是草质、叶片下面是否灰色或白色、基部羽片是否缩短及是否向下反折等特征在不同个体中较稳定,这些形状可以用于种的分类。此外,瘤足蕨、耳形瘤足蕨、镰羽瘤足蕨和峨嵋瘤足蕨的叶片为羽裂,其基部羽片缩短或突缩短成耳形,基部羽片也向下反折或强向下反折;这些种的叶片的羽裂与基部羽片缩短或基部羽片向下反折是相关的;密叶瘤足蕨、灰背瘤足蕨、华中瘤足蕨和华东瘤足蕨的叶片为羽状,其基部羽片为不缩短也不向下反折,这些种类的叶片的羽状与基部羽片不缩短或基部羽片不向下反折是相关的;这些性状的相关性在不同居群或同一居群同一种的个体中是稳定的,对种的分类和野外识别也有重要价值。     

中国珠蕨属的分类修订

对国产珠蕨属Cryptogramma R.Br.的分类进行了修订，承认2种1变种，即稀叶珠蕨C.stelleri（Gm l.）Prantl，高山珠蕨C.brunoniana Wall.ex Hook.&Grev.和珠蕨C.bru noniana var.sinensis（Christ）G.M.Zhang。将峨眉珠蕨C.emeiensis Ching&K.H.Shing并入高山珠蕨。同时对该属的系统位置进行了讨论。     

毛榛复合体（桦木科）多变量形态学研究及分类学处理

Corylus mandshurica Maxim. & Rupr. 和 C. sieboldiana Blume 在中国和俄罗斯一直被处理为独立的种。本文对来自不同标本室的这两个种的腊叶标本及野外采集的大量叶片进行了形态学分析，以确定形态分化是否足够成为建立种的依据。对采自中国、韩国和日本覆盖两个种分布区的153份标本的18个形态学性状进行了统计，以构建数据矩阵用于主成分分析。结果表明，包含C. sieboldiana 复合体的数据单位（entities）在所有的形态学性状上均呈现出广泛的重叠区域。叶片和果实性状分析结果表明类群间缺乏分异性。基于形态学性状不足以把 C. mandshurica 从C. sieboldiana 中分离出去，并给予种的等级,也就是说这两个类群在形态上没有完全分化，而且它们的分布区也是相连的。 因此，应该把C. mandshurica作为C. sieboldiana 的种下分类群处理。C. sieboldiana在韩国南部和日本的具短总苞的植物常常被处理为独立的种或变种，但实际上应该作为C. sieboldiana 内的变型处理，因为总苞性状高度变异，即使在同一个体上也是如此。     

中国铁角蕨的种下分类学研究

综合运用孢粉学、细胞学、生态学和形态学的证据,处理了中国产铁角蕨Asplenium trichomanes L． 的种下分类问题,将其划分为4个亚种和1个变种：原亚种A．trichomanes L．ssp．trichomanes,喜钙亚种 A．trichomanes L. ssp．inexpectans Lovis,四倍亚种A．trichomanes L．ssp. quadrivalens D．E．Meyer emend． Lovis,粗轴亚种A．trichomanes L．ssp.pachyrachis(Christ)Lovis et Reichst．和哈如变种A．trichomanes L. var．harovii Moore emend．Midle,并提供了它们在中国的分布情况。查阅研究中国科学院植物研究所 (PE)的标本时发现,一些定名为A．trichomanes L．var．centrochinense Christ(华中变种)的模式标本碎片在形态上和倍性上均不同于已知分类群,认为应给予其新种的分类地位。     

中国凤尾蕨属细胞学的初步研究

本文报道了中国产10种凤尾蕨属植物和2种蕨属和栗蕨属植物的细胞学研究结果。  在凤尾蕨   属中，8种是多倍体或具有多倍体细胞型，4种是无性孢子繁殖的后代，6种实际上是种复合体或种复合   体成员，单纯有性生殖的二倍体只有2种。凤尾蕨至少具有9条孢子发生路线，在其同一个体上除了产   生二倍孢子外，还可能产生少量加倍或多倍孢子；广义的蜈蚣草实际上是个种复合体，其祖先的二倍体   细胞型广泛分布于中国亚热带地区说明这里可能是该复合体的起源中心；岩凤尾蕨具有不寻常的染色  体数目n＝55，这说明在本属和本科中可能存在着非整倍体进化。     

两种蕨类植物的新命名

 The fern genus Diplaziopsis C. Chr. of Index Filicum has long been considered as a monotypic one, with the sole species, D. javanica (B1.) C. Chr. from tropical Asia.  In 1906, H. Christ described a second species, Allantodia cavaleriana Christ (=D. cavale- riana C. Chr.) from Kweichow, West China, but this was since not fully recognized by fern students in general, being often considered as a variety of the first species.  This is certainly a mistake, as is shown by ample herbarium specimens today.  In the recent work on the genus, the writer has found among the herbarium material two additional new species from China, thus bringing the genus up to four species in Asia, mainly from China, where, as it is, the genus has its center of development from the long past.      Phylogenetically, Diplaziopsis C. Chr. represents one of the offshoots from the great stock of diplazioid ferns, of which the genus Diplazium Sw. constitutes the main body of the group and from which our genus differs chiefly in its leaves of a thin texture with reticulated venation, but not so much in its type of indusium as it has generally been emphasized by most botanists in the past, for, as it is, the type of indusium in Di- plaziopsis also prevails in many species of Diplazium, for which C. B. Clarke (Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2, Bot. I:495, 1880) created, but really superfluously, a subgenus Pseudal- lantodia, about which the writer will dwell in another paper in the near future.  Suffice it to say here that the indusium in Diplaziopsis as revealed by the species treated here is, indeed, typical of diplazioid ferns, only often, as it happens, with  its  adaxial  edge pressed so tight under the expanding sorus that it is unable to open freely along its upper free edge and, as a result, its thin vaulted back bursts open from the pressure of the ex- panding sorus underneath.      As a result of the present study, following four species of the genus have been re- cognized.      Diplaziopsis javanica (B1.) C. Chr. Ind. Fil. (1905) 227.      Wide spread in tropical Asia, northwardly to Bakbo and the southern part of Yun- nan, China.      D. cavaleriana (Christ) C. Chr. Ind. Fil. Suppl. I (1913) 25.      Ranges from West China through northern part of Fukien of East China to Japan.      D. intermedia Ching, sp. nov.      Endemic in West China:  Mt. Omei, Szechuan, and Kweichow.      D. hainanensis Ching, sp. nov.      In conclusion, it may be pointed out that with the modern plant taxonomy pursued in a more efficient manner than in the past, and especially by the introduction of the cytotaxonomic methods, the so-called “monotypic genera”, as conceived by the orthodox systematists, will continue to prove, to a great extent, to be lack of  enough  scientific ground.  The fact that the “monotypic genus” of Diplaziopsis C. Chr. is now found to be a genus of four well-defined species is once again an instance to illustrate the pointat issue.     

关于亚洲东北部产细齿蹄盖蕨的分类位置问题

  The fern Athyrium crenulato-serrulatum  Makino  is  found  in  the  whole  of  Northeastern Asia embracing Northeastern China, Korea, Japan, Ussuri and the Far  East USSR. It is similar to the European Athyrium distentifolium, formerly known as A. alpestre, in having exindusiate round or  ovate  sori,  but  differs in  several  essential characters, such as the well-spaced fronds are biseriately arranged along a  thick and long-creeping rhizome, the base of stipe is thickened and not attenuated to- wards the point of attachment, the deltoid-ovate lamina with the basal pinnae as long as those next above, which all are distinctly petiolate and the rachis, costis and espe- cially the costules of pinnules clad in fine pale-colored generally septate hairs under- neath.  All these clearly show that the fern in question is not an Athyrium sen. str. neither Pseudoathyrium Newman  to which latter the fern was referred by Nakai. However, we have been long suspicious of its proper systematic position. In his recent monograph on the genus Cornopteris (Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 30: 104. 1979.) Kato has pointed out that C.crenulato-serrulata (Makino)  Nakai  “has  the  northernmost destribution in the genus and exhibits a few characteristics similar to Athyrium, the swollen base of stipes with projections and cartilaginous  lamina  margin.  By  these characteristics the species is clearly discriminated from other species”.  According to Kurita (1964), Mitui (1970) and Karo (1978) the species in question has chromosome numbers n=40, the base number of the subfamily Athyrioides instead of x=41, the base number of the subfamily Diplazioides including  Cornopteris  Nakai.  Since  thefern in question fits no other athyrid genera, hence a new genus is proposed.     

崇澍蕨属(Chieniopteris Ching)——中国蕨类植物的一新属

 A new fern genus, Chieniopteris Ching, based upon  Woodwardia  harlandii Hook. from South China, is here proposed.  Its systematic position seems to be apparently inter- mediate between Lorinseria Presl of the east North America and Woodwardia  Sm.  of the Old World, from the former the genus is distinguished by its upland habitat, by the uniform fronds of chartaceous or rather subcoriaceous texture  with  straw-colored stipe and rachis of the leaves; from the latter by the long  creeping  rhizome with  distant fronds, by the simple trilobed or generally simply pinnate lamina with a few pairs of entire or sometimes irregularly lobated lateral pinnae, which are connected at the base by a narrow wing on each side of the rachis, by the superficial and longer sori and by the veins anastomosing between the sori and the leaf margin.      While describing the plant as a Woodwardia, Hooker properly noted that it is very distinct from the oriental Woodwardia japonica (Linn. fil.) Sm. and W. prolifera Hook. Later Baker transferred Hooker's species under Woodwardia sect. Lorinseria in Synopsis Filicum in a juxtaposition with Woodwardia areolata (Linn.)  Moore, the type of the genus Lorinseria Presl.  It is J. Smith, who referred the southern Chinese plant to Lorin- seria Presl, with which it is somewhat similar in habit, but differs in characters diagnosed above, besides a distinct habitat and geographic area.      The new genus is now represented by two species, C. harlandii (Hook.) Ching and C. kempii (Cop.) Ching, all indigenous in South China, extending  southwardly  to  the northern part of Vietnam and eastwardly to the islands of southern Japan.      The new genus is named after professor S. S. Chien, director of the Institute of Botany, Academia Sinica, and president of the Botanical Society of China, to celebratehis 80th. birthday last year.     

四川早泥盆世植物群的研究

本文首次系统地记述了四川下泥盆统平驿铺组的植物化石，共计9属13种，其中包括一个新属 和三个新种。它们分属于苔藓植物(?)和早期维管植物的四大类(Rhyoiophytina、Zosterophyllo-phytina， Trimerophytina和Lycophytina)。根据植物组合的面貌，还讨论了平驿铺组的地质时代相当于欧洲的西根期(Siegenian)，并可能包括部分吉丁期(Gedinnian)和最早的埃姆斯期(Emsian)。     

法斗观音座莲——一个假定的属间杂交种

  Angiopteris sparsisora Ching, sp. nov.      Species nova ab omnibus affinibus adhuc cognitis recedit rhizomate repente, dorsi- ventrali, habitu minore stipite tenui, levi, paleis  brunneis  lineari-lanceolatis  margine irregulariter fimbriatis peltati-fixis, pinnulis basi cuneatis vel late cuneatis, distincte breviterque petiolulatis, soris longitudine variis, inter se separatis a margine magis re- motis, paraphysibus rudimentalibus brevibus sparse praesentibus.      Tota planta 1—1.2 m alata, rhizomate repente, carnoso, cylindrico, dorsiventrali, 5— 6 cm diametro, radicoso, apice frondes 2—3 emittente, stipite 35—70 cm longo, 4—8 mm crasso, levi viridi, supra medium uni-geniculato (in frondibus pinnatis usque subbipin- natis), paleis brunneis lineari-lanceolatis basi rotunda peltati-fixis margine varie fimb- riatis sparse vestito; lamina stipite longiore, bipinnata aut subb ipinnata raro superne simpliciter pinnata; pinnis 2—3(—7)-jugis, ,alternis vel suboppositis, oblongis, 45— 55 cm longis, 18—23 cm latis, petiolo 4—16 cm longo suffultis, basi tumidis, pinnatis vel interdum simplicibus vel basi pinnatifidis; pinnulis plerumque 8—12-jugis, alternis vel suboppositis, patentibus, 8—18 cm longis, medio 1.5—3cm latis, lanceolatis, acuminatis, basin versus cuneatis vel late cuneatis, breviter petiolatis, pinnula terminali confomi paulo majore, petiolulata, hasi baud in alas decurrente, margine serrulatis; venis utrin- quo distinctis, patentibus, simplicibus vel furcatis, prope marginem curvatis; pagina frondis textura in sicco virescente, chartacea, rachi, costis, costulis venisque subtus sparsim minuteque paleaceis.  Soris breviter linearibus, 2—4 mm longis,  10—32-spo- rangiatis, inter se separatis, a margine 2—3 mm, remotis; paraphysibus sparsis brevibusrudimentalibus.  Sporis globulosis, suparficie dense tubuculatis.       Yunnan austro-orientalis:  Xichou Xian, Fadou, S. K. Wu 4203 (typus, PE), 4198, 8, October, 1962; ibidem, Z. R. Wang 566-1, 566-2, 566-3, 566-4, 566-5, 15, January, 1978; ibidem V. M. Chu 8212, 15, January, 1978. in valley under evergreen broad- leaved forests, alt. 1500—1550m.       In the tropical rain forest in southeastern Yunnan, China, the members of Angiopte- ris Hoffm. and Archangiopteris Christ et Gies. are often growing side by side in great abundance.  In January 1978 the second writer made a botantical trip there and col- lected in one locality ample herbarium material of an Angiopteris, which is identical with A. sparsisora Ching (ined.), based upon type specimens gathered by Mr. S. K. Wu from the same locality in 1962.  To our great surprise, however, this distinct taxon reveals a number of important morphological characteristics intermediate between An- giopteris and Archangiopteris as diagnosed above.       The present species resembles Archangiopteris in small build with creeping dorsi- ventral rhizome, unigeniculate, thin, smooth stipe in pinnate to bipinnatifid fronds, spa- ringly clad in linear-lanceolate peltately affixed scales with variously fimbriate margin, lamina 1—2 pinnate or subbipinnate, pinnules distinctly and shortly stipitate, base cuneate or broadly cuneate, sori of different length separated from each other by broad spaces, and rather far away (2—3 mm) from the margin, paraphyses few, rudimentary and short, but, on the other hand, it also similar to Angiopteris in usually bipinnate fronds, the petiole of pinnae with swollen base (blackish upon drying), short (2—4 mm long) linear sori consisting of 5—16 pairs of sporangia and globulax spores with densely tubucular sporoderms.  All the above characteristics combined clearly indicate the spe- cies is in all likelihood a natural hybrid between  Angiopteris  and Archangiopteris, pending cytological investigation and the reason for presently placing it in Angiopteris rather than in Archangiopteris is because of the fact that in overall impression the newtaxon appears more like the former than the latter.     

中国盾蕨属的订正研究

 本文根据近四十年来积累的丰富标本材料，对盾蕨属Neolepisorus Ching分   类的正确与否进行了研究。  本属从原来只有3个种的一个小属发展到今天的   11个种的中等属，有力地说明了我国植物资源的丰富，并从一个侧面反映了四   十年代以来我国植物分类学研完取得了巨大进展。  特别有意义的是，这个属的   许多种各自显示着形态变异的多样性，即一个种的叶型往往从正常的全缘单叶   能发展为各种不同程度的畸形分裂，对它们分类上的鉴定造成一定的困难，同  时，对他们的形态发生的研究也提供了一个新课题。     

中国金腰属的研究(续)

This paper deals with the taxonomy and geographic distribution of the ge- nus Chrysosplenium L. in China.      Based on the characters and evolution of the seed, capsule, disk, ovary and leaf, the species of this genus can be grouped into 2 subgenera, 5 sections and 16 series.  There are 2 subgenera, 5 sections and 11 series in China.  They are as follows:      I.  Subgen. Gamosplenium Maxim. emend. J. T. Pan      Leaves alternate.      Lectotype: Chrysosplenium carnosum Hook. f. et Thoms.      1.  Sect. Alternifolia Franch. emend. J. T. Pan      Seeds smooth and glabrous.      Type: Chrysosplenium alternifolium L.       (1)  Ser. Nudicaulia Maxim. emend. J. T. Pan      Disk obscure or absent; ovary nearly half-inferior, sometimes mostly inferior; cap- sule generally subtruncate and emarginate at top and bilobed with equal and horizontal- ly divaricate or suberect lobes; seeds smooth and glabrous.      Type: Chrysosplenium nudicaule Maxim.       (2)  Ser. Alternifolia Maxim. emend. J. T. Pan      Disk 8-lobed; ovary nearly half-inferior; capsule generally subtruncate and emar- ginate at top, and bilobed with equal and horizontally  divaricate lobes;  seeds smooth and glabrous.       Type: Chrysosplenium alternifolia L.      2.  Sect. Nephrophylloides Turcz.      Seeds minutely papillose or pilose.      Type: Chrysosplenium sedakowii Turcz.       (1)  Ser. Macrophylla Franch. emend. J. T. Pan      Disk obscure or absent; ovary nearly half-inferior; capsule nearly truncate and em- arginate at top, and bilobed with equal lobes; seeds minutely papillose.      Type: Chrysosplenium macrophyllum Oliv.       (2)  Ser. Ovalifolia Maxim. emend. J. T. Pan      Disk generally 8-, rarely 4-, lobed, papillae absent around disk; ovary mostly infe- rior; capsule subtruncate and emarginate at top; seeds minutely papillose or pilose.      Type: Chrysosplenium ovalifolium M. Bieb. ex Bunge       (3)  Ser. Lanuginosa Hara, emend. J. T. Pan      Papillae numerous, brown around reduced disk; ovary mostly inferior; capsule ne- arly truncate and emarginate at top; seeds minutely papillose.      Type: Chrysosplenium lanuginosum Hook. f. et Thoms.        II.  Subgen. Chrysosplenium      Leaves opposite.      Type: Chrysosplenium oppositifolium L.      1.  Sect. Trichosperma J. T. Pan, sect. nov.      Capsule not truncate at top, and bilobed with subequal, suberect or divergent lobes.      Type: Chrysosplenium trichospermum Edgew. ex Hook. f. et Thoms.      This section is divided into 4 series in the world, with only 1 in China.      (1)  Ser. Nepalensia Maxim. emend. J. T. Pan      Disk obscure or absent; ovary generally mostly inferior;  cassule not truncate at top, and bilobed with subequal and suberect or divergent lobes; seeds smooth and gla- brous.       Type: Chrysosplenium nepalense D. Don      2.  Sect. Grayana J. T. Pan, sect. nov.      Capsule bilobed with distinctly unequal and ascending lobes.      Type: Chrysosplenium grayanum Maxim.      This section consists of 4 series in the world, with 3 series in China.       (1)  Ser. Sinica Maxim. emend. J. T. Pan      Disk obscure or absent; ovary nearly half-superior; capsule bilobed with distinctly unequal and ascending lobes; seeds minutely papillose.       Type: Chrysosplenium sinicum Maxim.       (2)  Ser. Esulcata Franch. emend. J. T. Pan      Disk (4)-8-lobed; ovary generally half-inferior; capsule bilobed with unequal and ascending lobes; seeds minutely papillose or pilose.      Lectotype: Chrysosplenium dubium J. Gayex DC.       (3)  Ser. pilosa maxim. emend. J. T. Pan      Disk obscure or absent; ovary nearly half-inferior; capsule bilobed with distinctly unequal and ascending lobes; seeds distinctly longitudinally ll-18-costate and minu- tely papillose or tuberculate on the ridge.       Type: Chrysosplenium pilosum Maxim.       3.  Sect. Chrysosplenium       Capsule nearly truncate and emarginate at top, and bilobed with equal and horizon- tally divaricate lobes.       Type: Chrysosplenium oppositifolium L.       (1)  Ser. Romosa J. T. Pan, ser. nov.       Disk distinctly 8-lobed, papillae sparse, brown around disk; ovary mostly inferior; ca- psule nearly truncate and emarginate at top, and bilobed with equal and horizontally divaricate lobes; seeds smooth and glabrous.       Type: Chrysosplenium ramosum Maxim.       This series is monospecific one, also occurring in China, namely C. ramosum Maxim.       (2)  Ser. Delavayi Hara       Disk distinctly 8-lobed, Papillae sparse, brown around the disk; ovary mostly infe- rior; capsule nearly truncate and emarginate at top, and bilobed with equal and hori- zontally divaricate lobes; seeds distinctly longitudinally 10-16-costate and transverse- ly striate on the ridge.       Type: Chrysosplenium delavayi Franch.         This series can be considered as the most advanced one in the Chrysaspleninm L.       So far, the Chrysosplenium L. comprises 64 species in the world, among which 1 spe- cies is found in North Africa, 2 in South America, 4 in Europe, 5 in North America, 56 in Asia, of which 3 occur in Sikkim, 5 Bhutan, 5 Mongolia, 6 north Burma, 6 Korea, 7 north India, 8 Nepal, 12 Japan, 17 U.S.S.R. (of which 3 also in Europe), 34 China (in- cluding 22 endemic species and 3 new species).       In China, Fujian and Guangdong Provinces and Zhuang Autonomous Region of Gu- angxi each has only 1 species, Taiwan, Zhejiang, Shanxi and Hebei Provinces and Uy- gur Autonomous Region of Xinjiang each has 2, Anhui, Jiangxi and Hunan Provinces each has 3, Qinghai Province 4, Heilongjiang, Liaoning and Guizhou Provinces each has 5, Jilin and Hubei Provinces each has 6, Gausu Province 8, Shaanxi Province and Xi- zang (Tibet) Autonomous Region each has 10, Yunnan Province has 11, Sichuan Provi- nce has 14.      Thus the distribution centre of this genus should be in the north temperate zone of Asia, and the region covering Shaanxi Gansu, Sichuan, Yunnan and Xizang may be regarded as an important part of this centre.      The 7 species of Ser.  Nudicaula Maxim. emend. J. T. Pan can be considered as the most primitive ones in this genus. They are mostly distributed in Shaanxi (Qin Ling), south Gansu, southeast Qinghai, southwest Sichuan and nothwest Yunnan of China. This region may be considered as the centre of the origin (or at least differentiation) of this genus.      The new species and the new varieties described in this paper are as follows: C. hy- drocotylifolium Levl. et Vant. var. emeiense J. T. Pan, C. taibaishanense J. T. Pan, C. lixianense Jien ex J. T. Pan, C. qinlingense Jien ex J. T. Pan.