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1.
解析中国现代化进程中的城市贫困   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
改革开放以来,经济社会的持续发展和人民生活水平的不断提高成为全社会发展的主流。然而,随着经济的发展、改革的深入,城市居民中贫困人口与日俱增,贫富差距日益扩大。因此,城市贫困问题引起了政府和社会各界的极大关注,城市贫困问题已成为中国改革和发展中急需解决的重要问题。本文从城市贫民的生活现状和特点着手,分析城市贫民致贫的原因,提出了操作性较强的解决方法。  相似文献   

2.
通过教育阻断贫困代际传递有助于脱贫成效的可持续,已有相关研究多聚焦基础教育,而对继续教育阻断农村贫困代际传递问题缺乏关注。通过分析中国扶贫网“人物·故事”专栏中的60位脱贫农民案例发现,经由职业技能培训提升人力资本、态度观念教育优化心理资本、合作互助行为养成扩展社会资本,继续教育能有效阻断农村贫困代际传递。其作用机理体现为:“源头造血”干预让贫困农民致贫因素快速消解,“多维资本”协同阻断经济性、心理性和社会性贫困,“边际收益”扩展使继续教育收益惠及家庭成员,“场域惯习”互促将阻断效应扩散至农村社区。为进一步阻断农村贫困代际传递,推进巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果同乡村振兴有效衔接,需要制定“接续进阶”的继续教育目标,确立“共益普惠”的继续教育理念,打造“多元联动”的继续教育主体,开发“多维可及”的继续教育内容,采用“多途并进”的继续教育方式。  相似文献   

3.
In this paper, we investigate the gender gap in education in rural northwest China. We first discuss parental perceptions of abilities and appropriate roles for girls and boys; parental concerns about old-age support; and parental perceptions of different labor market outcomes for girls’ and boys’ education. We then investigate gender disparities in investments in children, children's performance at school, and children's subsequent attainment. We analyze a survey of 9–12-year-old children and their families conducted in rural Gansu Province in the year 2000, along with follow-up information about subsequent educational attainment collected 7 years later. We complement our main analysis with two illustrative case studies of rural families drawn from 11 months of fieldwork conducted in rural Gansu between 2003 and 2005 by the second author.  相似文献   

4.
城市贫困群体的就业质量研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
就业质量作为就业活动不可或缺的重要组成部分,它是在整个就业过程中劳动者与生产资料结合并取得报酬或收入的具体状况之优劣程度的综合性范畴。就业质量的高低,直接制约着就业数量的扩大,影响就业工作的全局。因此,我国转轨时期城市贫困问题的解决不仅要依赖就业数量的扩大,同时取决于就业质量的提高。  相似文献   

5.
对我国16所高校的实证研究结果显示,近30年来我国城乡子女在高等教育入学机会数量方面的差异一直在缩小,到2010年时差异已基本消失。就入学机会的质量而言,重点高校中城乡子女间的入学机会差异是先扩大后缩小;而普通本科和专科院校中的入学机会差异一直呈现出缩小的态势。今后政府应采取各种措施努力提高农村基础教育的质量,增加农村子女入读重点高中的机会,同时提升普通本科和专科院校尤其是高等职业院校的办学质量。唯有如此,才可以提高城乡子女在高等教育入学机会质量方面的均等化程度。  相似文献   

6.
从非线性动力学的视角出发,运用混沌理论的方法对贫困进行度量.通过建构贫困模型和贫困的影响力模型,描述了贫困的变化趋势,精确预测了贫困对社会系统的影响程度.  相似文献   

7.
侧重于从理论上进行认识探讨国家级贫困县社会不和谐现状、和谐社会建设的战略地位、加强和谐社会建设中应该重点解决的问题,希望这些问题能够引起人们广泛的关注,并使人们共同努力来寻求解决途径。  相似文献   

8.
Little is known about how and when preschoolers master the concept of teaching, particularly in relation to the acquisition of theory of mind (ToM). We investigated the relationship between the two in children aged 3-6 years old. One hundred and seventeen French preschool pupils answered questions about different teaching situations illustrated in ten stories involving knowledge differences and/or false belief. Four change-of-location ToM stories were also administered. Our results indicate a developmental progression from understanding teaching situations to grasping the notion of knowledge gaps. Moreover, they confirm that ToM seems to be involved in understanding more complex teaching situations.  相似文献   

9.
关于儿童死亡认知发展的研究   总被引:5,自引:1,他引:5  
死亡是一种应激源,它会引起人们强烈的心理应激反应。国内外心理学家研究发现,儿童对死亡的认知水平是随年龄发展而提高的,这种认知既依赖于成熟,又依赖于后天的学习,影响儿童死亡认知的因素是多方面的。  相似文献   

10.
识字教学与儿童认知发展有密切的关系。探讨影响儿童识字的诸多因素,如儿童心理特征、汉字字音、字形、字义的特点等,总结一些识字教学方法的成功经验,对提高识别教学的效率,促进儿童认知水平的提高,都是很有益的。  相似文献   

11.
肇始于上世纪80年代后期的农村教育综合改革与当前正在兴起的统筹城乡教育综合改革既有区别又有联系:两者提出的背景不同,改革的内容不同,改革的具体方式不同,但两者都是综合性的改革,都采用统筹的策略,两次改革的终极目标趋于一致。基于以上分析,我们认为农村教育综合改革与统筹城乡教育综合改革应相互衔接,共同推动我国农村教育又好又快的发展。  相似文献   

12.
我国在历史上就是自然灾害多发的国家,特别是近年,地震等重大自然灾害的频发,严重影响着我国国民经济的正常发展。自然灾害与贫困之间呈现出正相关性。自然灾害不仅对社会经济循环系统产生重大影响,而且导致大量的贫困人口出现,灾后的扶贫救助就成为一个新型的研究课题。本文借鉴国际社会经验并结合我国实际情况,从制度治理、扶贫救助模式、资金运用及NGO参与、创建地震保险制度等方面提出了的相应的灾后扶贫对策。  相似文献   

13.
开展产业扶贫就是为了改善贫困社区的经济发展环境,提升社区发展能力。但从社会风险的视角来看,在少数民族的贫困社区,产业扶贫政策则可能产生一些非预期的风险。因此,发展少数民族社区产业扶贫需要在认识其风险的基础上进行规避和调适。  相似文献   

14.
Despite requirements of and support for universal education up to grade 9, there are concerning reports that poor rural areas in China suffer from high and maybe even rising dropout rates. Although aggregated statistics from the Ministry of Education show almost universal compliance with the 9-year compulsory education law, there have been few independent, survey-based studies regarding dropout rates in China. Between 2009 and 2010 we surveyed over 7800 grade 7, 8, and 9 students from 46 randomly selected junior high schools in four counties in two provinces in North and Northwest China to measure the dropout rate. We also used the survey data to examine factors correlated with dropping out, such as the opportunity cost of going to school, household poverty, and poor academic performance. According to the study's findings, drop out rates between grade 7 and grade 8 reached 5.7% and dropout rates between grade 8 and grade 9 reached 9.0%. In sum, among the total number of students attending junior high school during the first month of the first term of grade 7, 14.2% had left school by the first month of grade 9. Dropout rates were even higher for students that were older, from poorer families (and families in which the parents were not healthy), or were performing more poorly academically. We conclude that although the government's policy of reducing tuition and fees for junior high students may be necessary, it is not sufficient to solve the dropout problem.  相似文献   

15.
选取广州市1200名流动儿童进行问卷调查,研究结果表明,目前广州市流动儿童的社会适应性总体处于良好发展水平,但也存在一些不容忽视的适应问题与障碍。目前存在的城乡二元制度是流动儿童社会适应性问题的根本性原因,促进城市流动儿童社会适应性发展应从两方面努力,当前尤其需要国家、政府以及流动儿童家庭、学校与社会等多方面协同参与,从制度、文化层面形成流动儿童社会适应与融合的良性发展机制。  相似文献   

16.
建设社会主义新农村是我国现代化建设进程中的重大历史任务。中央对新农村建设提出了要达到的总体目标,即:“生产发展、生活宽裕、乡风文明、村容整洁、管理民主”。其中的“生活宽裕”是新农村建设的核心目标。要达到这一目标除了建立和开辟各种增收渠道以外,还应该高度重视保护农民的社会保障权利,通过健全农村社会保障体系,增加农民的社会福利,改善其生活水平。本文就保护农民的社会保障权利的重要性和可行性进行了分析,提出了健全农村社会保障体系的政策建议。  相似文献   

17.
This paper discusses the challenges teachers and ethnic minority students face living in rural North-western Vietnam and how social entrepreneurship can mitigate these. The data was gathered through 33 interviews (teachers N = 10; students N = 20; parents of a student N = 2; social entrepreneur N = 1). The data were analysed using thematic analysis, drawing from Fraser’s (2010) justice model. The paper also links to Granovetter’s (1985, 2005) social embeddedness concept, to emphasise how social enterprise enabled socio-economic networks can support ethnic minority students to overcome redistribution, representation and recognition problems. The paper makes an original contribution by showing how socio-economic networks enhance weak-ties and bridge resources to empower the socially disadvantaged to achieve educational inclusion.  相似文献   

18.
农村社会的变革与调整影响着每一位农村居民.乡村医生作为农村社会有机的一员,他们身上亦在发生深刻复杂的变化.传统的乡土社会中,他们是农村差序格局中的精英,居于农村社会分层的中高层.当前农村社会转型期,农村居民的异质性凸显,农村社会分层不断调整.这一时期乡村医生的社会地位已不若传统乡土社会中的社会地位,这深刻影响着乡村医生的行为方式;同时,他们肩负着农村的基本医疗卫生事业,和新时期农村医改密切相关.把握他们的角色变迁,对于推进新时期农村医改有着重要的参考价值.  相似文献   

19.
    
This study seeks to assess the impact of economic factors on sexual, emotional, and physical violence on Nigerian children and adolescents aged 13–24 years. Data collected from the Nigerian Violence Against Children Survey (VACS), a national, cross-sectional household survey of females and males aged 13–24 years were used to examine sexual, emotional, and physical violence victimization. Data were collected on household economic status, e.g., flooring and roofing materials, transportation. A poverty index was developed using the Simple Poverty Scorecard for Nigeria to determine the impact that economic factors have on these violence measures. Children aged 13–17 years in households with high economic status (ES) were 1.81, 1.78, and 4.91 times, more likely to experience sexual, emotional, and physical violence, respectively, within the last 12 months than those in the lowest ES. Individuals aged 18–24 years in households with high ES were 1.62 and 1.41 times more likely to experience emotional and physical violence, respectively, prior to age 18 than those in the lowest ES. Individuals aged 18–24 years in households with middle or high ES were 1.65 and 1.96, respectively, times more likely to experience physical violence prior to age 18 than those in the lowest ES. Highest tertile ES was significantly associated with sexual, emotional, and physical violence among Nigerians aged 13–24 years. Further research is needed to determine the cause of increased violence amongst high ES households. Targeted interventions towards this ES class are recommended to reduce violence against children in Nigeria.  相似文献   

20.
Educational materials often present general concepts or strategies via specific people. Although this practice may enhance interest, it may also have costs for learning and transfer. Linking a strategy to a person (e.g., “Molly’s strategy”) could result in narrower transfer because students infer that the strategy is specific to the person, rather than a general strategy they should adopt. The present study tested this hypothesis among middle school students (N = 191) who learned a novel strategy for solving a mathematics story problem. For some students, the strategy example was presented via a specific person, and for others it was not. Students then solved posttest problems and rated the generality of the strategy. Students who saw the example without the person were more likely to transfer the strategy to new problems, and this effect was mediated by students’ perceptions of the strategy’s generality. Thus, associating information with a person substantially limits the extent to which students transfer their knowledge.  相似文献   

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