An Initial Examination of the Post-Auricular Reflex as a Physiological Indicator of Appetitive Activation during Television Viewing

Previous research has demonstrated the post-auricular (PA) reflex to be a potentially valid measure of emotional response during mediated stimuli. However, the PA reflex has not been examined during television viewing. The goal of this study was to examine whether the PA reflex may serve as a useful indicator of emotional responding to television content. PA reflexes were measured while experimental participants viewed television advertisements varying in emotional valence (pleasant and unpleasant) and arousal (high and low). The PA reflexes were greatest during viewing of pleasant television advertisements that were highest in arousal. The findings replicated recent results and provided further validation that the PA reflex may indicate strength of activation in the human appetitive motivational system. The results provide new evidence demonstrating the measure's potential validity for mass communication researchers.     

Examining the Eyeblink Startle Reflex as a Measure of Emotion and Motivation to Television Programming

This study examines the reliability and validity of the eyeblink startle reflex as a measure of emotional and motivational responding to television content. A pretest uses continuous response measurement to identify pleasant, neutral, and unpleasant scenes from a television drama. Acoustic startle probe methodology and facial electromyography are used to measure responding to these scenes during an experiment. Although past research has suggested that the startle reflex is a reliable measure of emotional responding to television and film content, there is reason to expect that this effect may be obfuscated if the probe falls close to a camera change or scene change. The startle reflex data offer convergent validity with the continuous response data and concurrent validity with the facial electromyographic data. However, the presence of a camera change or scene change within 500 ms of the startle probe did disrupt the emotional modulation of the reflex. These data show that the startle reflex can be a valid and reliable temporally precise measure of emotional responding to television programming if proximity to scene changes and camera changes is controlled.     

Negative video as structure: Emotion,attention, capacity,and memory

This paper uses a limited capacity information processing theory of television viewing to investigate the effects of graphic negative video at four levels of processing (attention, capacity, encoding, and retrieval) and on two dimensions of emotional experience (arousal and valence). Results indicate that the presence of negative video in news stories increases attention, increases the amount of capacity required to process the message, increases the ability to retrieve the story, facilitates recognition of information presented during the negative video and inhibits recognition for information presented before the negative video. Results also indicate that the introduction of negative video increases the self‐reported negative emotional impact of the story — making it more arousing and more negative.     

浅谈少年儿童图书馆的情感服务

人的情感对行为具有支配作用。儿童是情感丰富的精灵,他们的情感对其行为的支配能力更强。儿童图书馆是培养儿童早期阅读能力的重要场所。鉴于孩子的情感特点,如何为孩子提供无微不至的情感服务,让孩子爱上图书馆,爱上阅读,并实现快乐阅读,本文作了阐述和讨论。     

R U with Some1? Using Text Message Experience Sampling to Examine Television Coviewing as a Moderator of Emotional Contagion Effects on Enjoyment

Viewers regularly watch television with others, but the role of coviewing is often overlooked in entertainment effects models. Further, the models are rarely investigated in natural settings, limiting their ecological validity. The current study used experience sampling via text message to examine college students’ daily coviewing behaviors. Momentary assessments were taken 3 times a day for 1 week. Respondents reported their happiness during viewing and the enjoyableness of their experiences. Consistent with emotional contagion theory, data suggest that increases in emotional intensity mediated the effect of emotional contagion on program enjoyment, but only among respondents who reported coviewing with someone else. These results provide preliminary evidence that social context is partially responsible for contagious transfer of affect during entertainment experiences.     

That Sounds Familiar: The Relationship Between Listeners’ Recognition of Celebrity Voices,Perceptions of Vocal Pleasantness,and Engagement with Media

The human voice is a major component of popular media, yet its role in people’s media experiences has received minimal research attention. To address this gap, we investigated how recognition of celebrity voices interacted with perceptions of and engagement with audio-only media. After listening to famous actors reading stories, participants indicated whether they recognized each voice, rated its pleasantness, and completed parasocial interaction and narrative transportation measures. Results indicate that recognized voices were perceived as more pleasant. Additionally, vocal pleasantness was associated with increased parasocial interaction and transportation. Findings partially support the prediction that vocal recognition enhances parasocial interaction.     

Multicomputer system for optical character recognition in web library creation

The described optical character recognition system is based on a multicomputer environment. It performs faster character recognition from printed media and their forwarding to a web library. Software on the server side enables the setting of execution conditions, mapping of pictures with characters to clients and execution monitoring. The developed MOCR mechanism has been implemented on every client. Experimental results enable evaluation of timing performance and recognition accuracy. By increasing the number of machines engaged, makespan is decreased almost linearly. Although more time-demanding, for as many as several engaged machines, MOCR additionally reduces processing time and increases accuracy of recognition.     

Emotion Trumps Attention: Using Prepulse Startle Probe Methodology to Assess Cognitive Processing of Television

The evoked startle reflex (SR) has proven effective in measuring attention to simple stimuli; however, an initial investigation of the SR during television viewing found that emotion dominated the responses. This article reports an experiment that paired the acoustic startle probe with a sub-startle threshold acoustic prepulse. The interval between these two acoustic stimuli was varied while participants watched emotional television. When a startle probe closely follows the prepulse (< 500 ms), the SR is attenuated (known as prepulse inhibition). Previous work with simple stimuli demonstrated that at short intervals, the degree of inhibition indexes attention, and at longer intervals, the SR indexes emotion. Current data show a strong effect for emotion and for prepulse inhibition, but there is no evidence of attentional modulation during television viewing. SRs were largest during unpleasant scenes at every interval, which accords with the emotion-driven pattern. This replicates previous findings suggesting that startle probe methodology is a reliable measure of emotional responding to television. However, unlike simple stimuli, the SR appears not to index attention to television. The larger effect of emotion corresponds with past work suggesting that emotional responses to television are greater in magnitude than those to affective pictures.     

Choosing and Reading Online News: How Available Choice Affects Cognitive Processing

A within-subjects experiment explored how the number of online, hyperlinked stories available for individuals to choose from affects cognitive processing of a selected story. Participants chose and read unpleasant online news stories from a Web page containing either 5 or 15 headline/photo hyperlinks. Heart rate data indicated more cognitive resources were allocated to reading stories selected from the larger array of hyperlinks. This increased allocation of cognitive resources also led to more accurate story recognition. Results of this study provide insight into information processing of interactive, online news as well as limited suggestions for the design of news Web sites.     

Responses to unpleasant work relationships

The likelihood of use in Rusbult's (e.g., Rusbult & Zembrodt, 1983) typology of exit, voice, loyalty, and neglect responses to romantic relationships was assessed for its general applicability to unpleasant work relationships. Correlational analysis revealed that one's own orientation to an unpleasant work relationship and the perception of the other person's orientation to the problematic relationship were associated with the voice response. Loyalty was associated with one's own orientation to the problematic relationship, as was the neglect response. Status relative to the unpleasant person was found to shape one's responses to the relationship as well. Some correlations varied by gender.     

Public support for facial recognition via police body-worn cameras: Findings from a list experiment

Emerging technologies like facial recognition have the potential to change the delivery of public services, but also to reshape the notion of citizenship. The factors influencing the consent of the governed matters to gauge if this specific surveillance technology might be deployed further. The Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) has identified social norms as a contributor to technology adoption. We test social norms for the adoption of facial recognition technology based on an experiment with a sample of residents of New Hampshire through a phone survey, and with a sample of Americans via a web survey. The experiment estimates the overt and real support for facial recognition through police body-worn cameras. Our results are that gender, age and political affiliation matters to explain support for facial recognition via BWC, as females and non-Trump voters harbor reticence that they only express when provided with a measure of anonymity.     

突发公共卫生事件中微博谣言的识别

[目的/意义] 在"新冠"疫情这类突发公共卫生事件中,网络社交媒体上迅速产生大量关于疫情的言论,其中包含不少蓄意传播的谣言,不仅危害公众心理健康,而且会影响应对公共卫生事件的方案实施。识别突发公共卫生事件的谣言能够使民众正确面对危机,为社会安定、网络治理起到积极的维护作用。[方法/过程] 首先对采集到的疫情期间已被证实的谣言进行深度分析,提取谣言文本的主要特征,包括上下文特征、话题类别特征、情感程度特征、关键词特征等;然后针对文本分类模型中的文本特征表达较为单一的问题,利用不同的模型对提取的谣言文本特征进行向量化,并对各类文本特征进行加强和融合。其中通过TF-IDF计算的词向量权重在捕获上下文特征的同时,能够加强词粒度的关键词特征信息。最后,使用BiLSTM+DNN模型对融合的特征向量进行分类判别。[结果/结论] 实验结果表明,话题类别、情感程度等特征对谣言识别均有贡献,特别是经过强化后的词向量与其他特征融合后对识别准确率有明显提升,召回率、F1值等指标均达到90%以上,效果超过其他的谣言识别模型,说明笔者所构建的方法能够很好地实现对突发公共卫生事件背景下的谣言识别。     

高校图书馆微信服务用户契合影响因素的识别分析

[目的/意义]引入关注用户互动体验和情感投入的用户契合理论，为提升图书馆微信服务水平和用户活跃度提供新的路径。[方法/过程]基于LDA对知乎社区中有关微信用户参与的回答文本进行分析，提取用户契合的特征词，并结合用户访谈对高校图书馆微信服务用户契合的影响因素进行识别，进而获取"双一流"高校图书馆微信用户的调研数据进行实证分析。[结果/结论]研究得出，高校图书馆微信服务用户契合的影响因素包括平台内容质量、平台系统质量、互动参与意识和用户感知价值，其中用户感知价值的影响最大，而平台系统质量并不对用户契合产生直接影响。     

割裂的扁平化:网络语言与青少年情感体验

网络语言正日益成为当代青少年情感传达和表征的重要文化符号.文章旨在探讨当网络语言经由数字化传媒的高强辐射性嵌入青少年的日常生活后,青少年情感体验的迁移与改变.研究发现,网络语言使情感的表达方式呈现出"横宽纵短"的扁平化特征.以扁平化的内涵意蕴参照青少年日常生活中网络语言情感表达时,发现其呈现出一系列矛盾特质:一方面,青少年依据全新的情感逻辑权衡情感分寸,敏锐捕捉生活中的谐趣和夸张,灵活调度丰富的情感表征储备;另一方面,对于情感的洞悉、情感虚实空间的转换和嫁接,青少年不可避免地产生了陌生和弱化.这一看似对立的特质相互依傍和制衡,产生出持续的张力,使得青少年的情感体验在互联空间中呈现出"割裂的扁平化".     

基于CRFs自动构建维吾尔语情感词语料库

提出维吾尔语情感语料库的构建规范,设计和实现维吾尔语情感语料库辅助整理系统。该系统结合维吾尔语情感语料的具体特点,多方面分析维吾尔语情感词汇的特征,利用条件随机场(CRFs)模型进行维吾尔语情感词汇的自动识别。测试结果验证该系统能够大幅度降低人工劳动,高效快速地标注维吾尔语情感词语料。     

网络舆情管控工作机制研究

网络舆情是由于各种事件的刺激而产生的通过互联网传播的人们对于该事件的认知、态度、情感和行为倾向。网络舆情管控工作机制对了解民众思想动态、加强文化建设和管理、促进公共决策科学化和民主化、促进社会主义政治文明以及保持国家政权长治久安等意义重大。为构建高效的网络舆情管控工作机制,必须要提高舆情重要性认识、制定应急预警法案、利用网络舆情规律、完善网络监控体制、改善国家社会关系以及加强理论应用研究等。     

基于Word2vec的情感分析在品牌认知中的应用研究

[目的/意义]通过基于Word2vec的文本情感分析技术对某显示器品牌的产品与服务的在线评论进行分析,研究消费者的品牌认知和品牌口碑,为管理者建立更科学的品牌管理体系提供有针对性的建议。[方法/过程]首先利用自然语言处理技术,对评论语料库进行预处理,结合深度学习的Word2vec词向量技术构建产品特征词和情感词词库,进一步构造情感概念对进行情感评分,并将其用于分析品牌产品特定特征的用户情感。[结果/结论]通过Word2vec构建的情感词典相较于传统方法（例如一般的情绪词表）进行情感分析,在情感分析的准确率上有所提高,再结合有效的情感概念对构造与情感评分,可以有效地理解用户的品牌认知。     

A study of emotional labor in librarianship

Librarianship, like many occupations, requires emotional labor, which is an awareness of job requirements for emotional expression and the strategies used to express those emotions. Research on emotional labor suggests that performing emotional labor results in both positive and negative effects on individual outcomes, such as job satisfaction and job burnout. Since affective events are prevalent in library work and evidence suggests positive outcomes from emotional labor can be fostered, the ways emotional labor is performed in libraries should be studied. This research explores the key components of emotional labor: perceptions of display rules and the emotion regulation strategies of surface and deep acting. Data were collected from a sample of American librarians in 46 states from public, academic, special, and K–12 libraries who completed a survey. Bi-variate and multi-variate correlations, as well as ANOVAs, were used to test relationships among emotional labor constructs, job satisfaction, and job burnout. Results show evidence of significant associations with emotional labor among library employees in both the perception of display rules, as well as in surface and deep acting. Perception of display rules showed mixed results with job burnout and job satisfaction. Surface acting was found to be associated consistently with job burnout and decreased job satisfaction, while deep acting strategies were less strongly associated with negative outcomes. Findings suggest that library managers should clearly communicate display rule expectations to employees and work to build staff support to help meet those expectations. Library employees should be aware of occasions when they use surface acting and work to develop stronger deep acting techniques. The study contributes to an understanding of the influence of emotion management in the library workplace.