跑台运动预干预对睡眠剥夺大鼠行为学改变、前额叶皮质氧化应激及c-fos表达的影响

目的观察4周中等强度跑台运动预干预对睡眠剥夺大鼠焦虑样行为及空间学习记忆能力、血清皮质酮含量和前额叶皮质(prefrontal cortex,PFC)氧化应激水平及c-fos表达的影响。方法将40只大鼠随机分为4组,即正常对照组、运动组、睡眠剥夺组(sleep deprivation,SD)及睡眠剥夺运动组(SD+E)。除正常对照组及睡眠剥夺组大鼠,运动组大鼠进行4周跑台运动预干预,运动结束后睡眠剥夺组及睡眠剥夺运动组大鼠睡眠剥夺建立大鼠72h SD模型(小平台水环境法),然后运用开场实验及明暗箱探索实验评估所有大鼠焦虑样行为,八臂迷宫实验测试大鼠空间学习记忆能力;行为学测试结束后检测所有大鼠血清皮质酮及前额叶皮质自由基水平,用免疫组织化学结合图像半定量方法计算前额叶皮质c-fos神经元的分布。结果 (1)与正常对照组比较,开场实验(open field test,OFT)测试中,SD组大鼠穿越格数(crossing numbers)、直立次数(rearing numbers)及中央格停留时间百分比均显著减少,粪便颗粒增多;明暗箱探索实验中(Light-dark,LD),SD组大鼠明箱停留时间及穿越次数均显著减少;八臂迷宫实验(eight arm maze tests,ERM)中SD组大鼠学习记忆能力下降,血清皮质酮水平显著增高,前额叶皮质SOD及GSH-px活性显著下降,MDA含量增加,c-fos表达显著增强。(2)与SD组大鼠比较,OFT测试中,SD+E组大鼠穿越格数、直立次数及中央格停留时间百分比均显著增加,粪便颗粒减少;LD探索实验中,SD+E组大鼠明箱停留时间显著延长,ERM实验中大鼠学习记忆能力显著改善;SD+E组大鼠血清皮质酮水平显著下降,前额叶皮质SOD活性显著上调,GSHpx活性无显著性差异,MDA含量下降,c-fos表达显著下降。结论结果显示,跑台运动预干预可以减弱睡眠剥夺对学习记忆的影响、改善睡眠剥夺大鼠焦虑样行为,可能与跑台运动改善HPA轴功能失调、增强前额叶皮质抗氧化能力及下调前额叶皮质c-fos的过度表达有关。     

对女子足球运动员睡眠剥夺后部分运动表现能力变化的研究

目的:研究女子足球运动员剥夺睡眠前、睡眠剥夺后以及休息一定时间,部分运动表现能力的变化,希望可以通过研究睡眠剥夺后和睡眠剥夺正常休息后运动能力的变化,给予女子足球运动员出发外地赛场时间选择上的一些建议。方法:随机选取11名受试者作为对照组,随机选取11名受试者作为实验组进行睡眠剥夺实验。在剥夺睡眠实验前均进行30m冲刺跑测试。结果:实验组睡眠剥夺后,30m冲刺跑显著性下降(P<0.05);结论:女子足球运动员睡眠剥夺后,速度能力下降显著。     

CREB/BDNF信号通路激活在游泳提高认知能力中的作用机制

目的:观察有氧运动对认知的影响,探索相关分子机制。方法:雄性SD大鼠适应性喂养后随机分为C、E5和E5P组。C组常规饲养不运动,E5、E5P组进行5周游泳运动,E5P组完成运动后延迟1周进行测试。Morris水迷宫测认知能力;免疫荧光法测齿状回神经发生;试剂盒测血清BDNF、MDA水平和SOD活性;免疫印迹法测海马BDNF、TrkB、CREB和p-CREB蛋白表达。结果:E5、E5P组在目标象限游泳时间百分比、穿越平台次数显著高于C组(P<0.01 or P<0.05);血清BDNF、MDA水平和SOD活力组间无显著差异;E5、E5P组新生神经细胞数、海马BDNF、TrkB、p-CREB蛋白表达显著高于C组(P<0.01 or P<0.05),CREB蛋白的表达组间没有显著差异。结论:5周中等强度的游泳运动通过激活CREB/BDNF信号通路,促进海马齿状回颗粒下层神经发生,进而提高认知能力。     

沙苑子补充对疲劳训练大鼠力竭运动后机能状态及有氧运动能力的影响

目的:观察沙苑子补充对力竭运动后大鼠运动后机能状态及有氧运动能力的影响。方法:10周龄雄性SD大鼠40只,随机分为安静对照组(C)、沙苑子补充组(A)、运动组(E)和沙苑子运动组(AE),每组10只;A组和AE组分别灌服沙苑子生理盐水溶液(50 mg.kg-1.d-1),C组和E组灌服同体积生理盐水。补充期间各组大鼠先进行2周适应性游泳训练,然后E组与AE组进行4周递增负荷游泳训练并于第4周末进行力竭运动实验。结果:1)AE组大鼠游泳至力竭的时间显著高于E组2;)力竭运动后E组及AE组大鼠血清乳酸浓度均显著高于C组,AE组血清乳酸浓度显著高于E组;3)力竭运动后E组及AE组大鼠骨骼肌MDA浓度均显著高于C组,但AE组大鼠骨骼肌MDA浓度显著低于E组;4)力竭运动后E组及AE组大鼠血清睾酮含量均较C组显著降低,血清皮质酮含量均较C组显著提高,T/C比值较C组显著降低。AE组血清睾酮含量显著高于E组,血清皮质酮含量显著低于E组,T/C比值显著高于E组。力竭运动后AE组大鼠血清LH含量显著高于C组和E组。结论:长期补充沙苑子可以改善疲劳训练大鼠力竭运动后的机能状态,提高有氧运动能力。     

运动疲劳小鼠皮层-纹状体突触可塑性受损的机制研究

目的:前期研究发现,运动疲劳后小鼠皮层-纹状体通路的突触可塑性受损。皮层-纹状体突触可塑性受谷氨酸(glutamate,Glu)能系统和多巴胺(dopamine,DA)能系统的双重调控,因此旨在进一步围绕Glu能系统和DA能系统揭示小鼠运动疲劳后皮层-纹状体通路突触可塑性受损的分子机制。方法:成年C57BL/6雄性小鼠,随机分为对照组(Control)和运动疲劳组(EF)。利用电动跑台,使小鼠进行连续7天的力竭跑台运动,创建运动疲劳的小鼠模型;采用高效液相色谱分析技术,检测两组小鼠纹状体脑区Glu和DA的浓度;采用免疫印迹技术,检测小鼠纹状体膜蛋白中AMPA受体、代谢型谷氨酸1型受体(metabotropic glutamate receptor 1,mGluR1)、多巴胺1型受体(dopamine 1 receptor,D1R)和多巴胺2型受体(dopamine 2 receptor,D2R)的表达含量。结果:1)与Control小鼠相比,EF小鼠纹状体Glu的浓度升高(P<0.05);2)EF小鼠纹状体AMPA受体GluR1亚基和GluR2亚基的表达含量与Control小鼠相比均无差异(P>0.05);3)EF小鼠纹状体mGluR1的表达含量显著降低(P<0.01);4)EF小鼠纹状体DA的浓度降低(P<0.01);5)EF小鼠纹状体D1R和D2R的表达含量均显著降低(P<0.001)。结论:小鼠运动疲劳后纹状体Glu的浓度升高,mGluR1的表达下调;DA的浓度降低,D1R和D2R的表达下调。纹状体Glu能系统和DA能系统的双重异常可能是小鼠运动疲劳后皮层-纹状体突触可塑性受损的分子机制之一。     

钙网蛋白参与钙调节对离心运动后骨骼肌微损伤的保护

目的:探讨钙网蛋白CRT参与钙调节对骨骼肌微损伤的保护作用。方法:利用离心运动至力竭模型为研究手段,40只SD大鼠随机分成安静对照组(C)、运动即刻组(E1)、运动后24小时组(E2)、运动后48小时组(E3)和运动后6天组(E4)。结果:运动后血清CK、LDH活性升高,并在24小时后达到峰值,其中E1、E2和E3组均较C组呈显著性升高(分别为P<0.01、P<0.01和P<0.05)。运动后E1组肌质网Ca2+浓度最高,其中E1和E2组均较C组呈显著升高(均为P<0.05)。运动后E2组线粒体Ca2+浓度最高,其中E1、E2和E3组均较C组呈显著升高(分别为P<0.05、P<0.01和P<0.05)。运动后E1、E2组骨骼肌中CRT的表达显著上升。结论:CRT表达在运动后的变化显示骨骼肌在运动后可能通过产生钙网蛋白来维持钙平衡,减轻骨骼肌的微损伤。     

一次性力竭运动对大鼠苍白球外侧部神经元自发放电活动的影响

目的观察一次性力竭运动后大鼠苍白球外侧部神经元自发放电活动的变化,探讨苍白球在运动疲劳中枢调控中的作用。方法选取雄性SD大鼠为研究对象,随机分为对照组和运动疲劳组;采用跑台递增负荷运动方式建立运动疲劳动物模型。随后结合在体玻璃微电极单细胞记录技术,采集安静和运动疲劳状态下大鼠苍白球神经元自发放电信号,分析神经元放电形式、放电频率、爆发式放电峰峰间隔、爆发指数等指标变化。结果苍白球外侧部神经元主要表现高频间隔放电(HFP)和低频爆发放电(LFB)两种放电形式;运动疲劳后,HFP神经元比例显著降低(P<0.05),LFB神经元比例显著增多(P<0.05),其中LFB神经元放电频率较对照组显著增加77%,峰峰间隔显著降低41%(P<0.01),爆发串频率、平均峰电位个数及爆发指数显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论运动疲劳后苍白球LFB神经元放电频率显著增加,比例显著增高,神经元爆发活动得到增强,提示苍白球LFB神经元在运动疲劳中枢调控中发挥着重要作用;运功疲劳状态下,GPe与基底神经节其它核团网络连接更加紧密,神经元放电趋于规则同步化。     

高校女生睡眠质量与运动的相关性

通过应用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)和运动时间及强度的调查,探讨高校女生睡眠质量与运动频率、运动强度的关系。通过睡眠质量与运动时间和强度的相关调查和统计分析,发现睡眠质量与运动规律、运动量有很强的相关性。有规律性的进行一定强度运动的女生睡眠质量普遍较好,而低强度或无规律运动对女生睡眠质量无明显影响,其睡眠质量与很少运动的女生相比无显著性差异;而睡眠质量评分较低的大多是运动较少的女生。结论:规律性的一定强度的运动有助于改善女生的睡眠质量。     

中等强度有氧运动对高血脂患者血脂水平影响的元分析——基于随机对照试验的证据

目的: 评价中等强度有氧运动对高血脂患者血脂水平的影响效果。方法: 检索Google Scholar、PubMed、Web of Science(WOS)、EMBASE、维普、知网和万方数据库中关于中等强度有氧运动干预高血脂患者血脂水平的随机对照试验(RCT),检索期限从各数据库收录时间起至2020年12月。采用Stata 14.0 软件进行meta分析。结果: 共纳入13个RCT,826例患者。与对照组相比,中等强度有氧运动对高血脂患者总胆固醇(TC)(SMD=-0.94,95% CI-0.15~-0.74, P<0.001)、甘油三酯(TG)(SMD=-0.95,95%CI:-1.41~-0.50, P<0.001)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)(SMD=0.95(95%CI: 0.79~-1.11,P<0.001),低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)(SMD=-1.36(95%CI:-1.53~-1.19,P< 0.001)水平均有显著影响。结论: 中等强度有氧运动降低了血清中TC总量、TG和LDL-C水平,升高了HDL-C水平。每周6~7次、每次30~90分钟、坚持24~48周的中等轻度有氧运动可以作为高血脂患者改善血脂水平的运动处方。鉴于该研究还存在一定的局限性,仍需高质量的RCT予以论证。     

不同游泳运动对大鼠血清MDA、SOD、T-AOC的影响

研究目的是探讨不同持续时间和运动频率的游泳运动对大鼠血清MDA、SOD、T-AOC的影响。将2月龄雄性SD大鼠分为安静对照组、运动1h(6次/周)组、运动2h(6次/周)组和运动1h(3次/周)组,运动组进行了14周无负重游泳训练。运动后分别测定了血清MDA、SOD和T-AOC。结果表明,运动后大鼠血清MDA的变化与运动持续时间和频率有关,每周运动6次的大鼠血清MDA含量下降,而每周运动3次MDA含量没有变化;运动后大鼠血清SOD活性没有变化,但是SOD/MDA有升高的趋势;运动各组血清T-AOC的浓度均升高。提示长期适量的游泳运动,可以提高血清T-AOC,从而降低MDA含量,提高SOD/MDA比值,有利于氧自由基的清除。     

Hormonal responses to exercise after partial sleep deprivation and after a hypnotic drug-induced sleep

The aim of this study was to determine the hormonal responses, which are dependent on the sleep wake cycle, to strenuous physical exercise. Exercise was performed after different nocturnal regimens: (i) a baseline night preceded by a habituation night; (ii) two nights of partial sleep deprivation caused by a delayed bedtime or by an early awakening; and (iii) two nights of sleep after administration of either a hypnotic compound (10 mg zolpidem) or a placebo. Eight well-trained male endurance athletes with a maximal oxygen uptake of 63.5 +/- 3.8 ml x kg(-1) x min(-1) (mean value +/- s(x)) were selected on the basis of their sleeping habits and their physical training. Polygraphic recordings of EEG showed that both nights with partial sleep loss led to a decrease (P< 0.01) in stage 2 and rapid eye movement sleep. A delayed bedtime also led to a decrease (P < 0.05) in stage 1 sleep. Zolpidem had no effect on the different stages of sleep. During the afternoon after an experimental night, exercise was performed on a cycle ergometer. After a 10-min warm-up, the participants performed 30 min steady-state cycling at 75% VO(2-max) followed by a progressively increased workload until exhaustion. The recovery period lasted 30 min. Plasma growth hormone, prolactin, cortisol, catecholamine and lactate concentrations were measured at rest, during exercise and after recovery. The concentration of plasma growth hormone and catecholamine were not affected by partial sleep deprivation, whereas that of plasma prolactin was higher (P < 0.05) during the trial after an early awakening. Plasma cortisol was lower (P < 0.05) during recovery after both sleep deprivation conditions. Blood lactate was higher (P < 0.05) during submaximal exercise performed after both a delayed bedtime and an early awakening. Zolpidem-induced sleep did not affect the hormonal and metabolic responses to subsequent exercise. Our results demonstrate only minor alterations in the hormonal responses to exercise after partial sleep deprivation.     

Effects of total sleep deprivation on endurance cycling performance and heart rate indices used for monitoring athlete readiness

ABSTRACT

This study investigated effects of total sleep deprivation on self-paced endurance performance, and heart rate (HR) indices of athletes' “readiness to perform”. Endurance athletes (n = 13) completed a crossover experiment comprising a normal sleep (NS) and sleep deprivation (SD) condition. Each required completion of an endurance time-trial (TT) on consecutive days (D1, D2) separated by normal sleep or total sleep deprivation. Finishing time, perceived exertion (RPE), mood, psychomotor vigilance (PVT), and HR responses were assessed. Time on D2 of SD was 10% slower than D2 of NS (64 ± 7 vs 59 ± 4 min, P < 0.01), and 11% slower than D1 of SD (58 ± 5 min, P < 0.01). Subjective to objective (RPE:mean HR) intensity ratio was higher on D2 of SD compared with D2 of NS and D1 of SD (P < 0.01). Mood disturbance and PVT mean response time increased on D2 of SD compared with D2 of NS and D1 of SD. Anaerobic threshold and change in TT time were correlated (R = ?0.73, P < 0.01). Sleep helps to optimise endurance performance. Subjective to objective intensity ratios appear sensitive to effects of sleep on athletes’ readiness. Research examining more subtle sleep manipulation is required.     

Optimizing recovery to support multi-evening cycling competition performance

Road criterium and track bicycle racing occur at high speeds, demand repeated high power outputs, last 10–90?min, and offer little chance for recovery after the event. Consecutive evenings of criterium and track racing are respectively known as speed-week or six-day events and take place in evening hours over the course of a week. Given the schedule and timing of these competitions, return to homeostasis can be compromised. No recommendations exist on how to optimize recovery for cyclists participating in these types of repeated evening competitions. Criterium and track cyclists spend considerable time, near and above the individual lactate threshold and therefore mostly utilize carbohydrate as their chief energy substrate. Henceforth, pre – and post-race nutrition and hydration is examined and recommendations are brought forward for carbohydrate, protein, and fluid intake. As evening high-intensity exercise perturbs sleep, strategies to optimize sleep are discussed and recommendations for an optimal sleep environment are given. Active recovery is examined, and the benefits of a short duration low intensity exercise reviewed. Passive recovery methods such as compression garments and cold water immersion are recommended, while evidence for massage, pneumatic compression devices, and neuromuscular electrical stimulation is still lacking. Optimizing recovery strategies will facilitate a return to the resting state following strenuous night competition.     

Sleep quality improved following a single session of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise in older women: Results from a pilot study

BackgroundPoor sleep quality is associated with adverse effects on health outcomes. It is not clear whether exercise can improve sleep quality and whether intensity of exercise affects any of the effects.MethodsFifteen healthy, non-obese (body mass index = 24.4 ± 2.1 kg/m², mean ± SD), sedentary (<20 min of exercise on no more than 3 times/week) older women (66.1 ± 3.9 years) volunteered for the study. Peak oxygen consumption (VO_2peak) was evaluated using a graded exercise test on a treadmill with a metabolic cart. Following a 7-day baseline period, each participant completed two exercise sessions (separated by 1 week) with equal caloric expenditure, but at different intensities (60% and 45% VO_2peak, sequence randomized) between 9:00 and 11:00 am. A wrist ActiGraph monitor was used to assess sleep at baseline and two nights following each exercise session.ResultsThe average duration of the exercise was 54 and 72 min, respectively at 60% (moderate-intensity) and 45% VO_2peak (light-intensity). Wake time after sleep onset was significantly shorter (p = 0.016), the number of awakenings was less (p = 0.046), and total activity counts were lower (p = 0.05) after the moderate-intensity exercise compared to baseline no-exercise condition.ConclusionOur data showed that a single moderate-intensity aerobic exercise session improved sleep quality in older women.     

Combined effects of sleep deprivation and strenuous exercise on cognitive performances during The North Face® Ultra Trail du Mont Blanc® (UTMB®)

This study investigated the effects of combined sleep deprivation and strenuous exercise on cognitive and neurobehavioral performance among long-distance runners completing one of the most difficult ultramarathons in the world. Seventeen runners participated. Each had a wrist-worn actigraph throughout the race to record their sleep time. In addition, each individual’s performance in 10-min response-time tests before and after the race was recorded and a questionnaire enabled participants to report any difficulties they experienced during the competition. During race completion times of 27 to 44 h, combined acute lack of sleep (12 ± 17 min of rest during the race) and strenuous exercise (168.0 km) had marked adverse effects on cognitive performances ranging from mere lengthening of response time to serious symptoms such as visual hallucinations. This study suggests that regardless of rest duration and time in race, cognitive performances of ultramarathoners are adversely affected.     

不同负重强度运动对去势大鼠股骨生物学指标的影响

目的:以去卵巢大鼠为研究对象,通过动物实验观察不同负重强度游泳运动对去势大鼠骨密度、骨矿物质含量及骨生物力学指标的变化,以探讨运动对骨质疏松症的治疗机制。方法:取10月龄雌性SD大鼠50只,随机分为A假手术安静组(正常对照组)、B模型安静组(实验对照组)、C低强度运动组、D中强度运动组、E高强度运动组,每组10只。除假手术组外,其余各组大鼠均行双侧卵巢切除术,假手术组按相同手术方法操作,但不切除卵巢。术后第10周分别给予游泳训练共12周。观察12周后不同负荷强度运动对各组大鼠右侧股骨骨密度及骨矿物质含量的变化,并取左侧股骨,进行骨生物力学指标检测。结果:游泳运动组大鼠股骨骨密度显著高于模型组(P<0.05),与假手术组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。中强度运动组最大应力、断裂应力均明显优于模型组;各组最大伸长无显著差异。结论:适宜强度的游泳运动能明显抑制去势大鼠股骨骨密度及骨钙矿物质含量的降低及对大鼠的骨生物力学指标有良性调整作用。     

6周有氧运动改善不同程度肥胖青少年体质健康的研究

目的:研究有氧运动对不同程度肥胖青少年形态、机能、糖脂代谢及身体素质的影响,探索非医疗运动手段治疗青少年肥胖的可行性方法。方法:招募50名13~19岁肥胖青少年,依据BMI值分别纳入中度或重度肥胖组,每组25人。两组受试者进行6周有氧运动(5days/week,50min/day),在运动前、运动3周和6周后分别测试受试者的身体形态、基础生理机能、糖脂代谢和身体素质等指标,并对以上数据进行统计学分析。结果:3周和6周运动均显著降低两肥胖组的体重、BMI、腰围、臀围、脂肪量、体脂率、血脂、甘油三酷、血清胰岛素水平和胰岛素抵抗指数(P＜0.05或P＜0.01),下调重度肥胖组的低密度脂蛋白水平(P＜ 0.01),提高两组肺活量、肺活量指数和50 m跑、俯卧撑、坐位体前屈成绩(P＜ 0.05);6周运动还能进一步提高两组的1 000 m跑、平衡能力以及重度肥胖组的瘦体重和高密度脂蛋白水平(P＜0.05或P＜0.01),下调两组的基础代谢率(P＜0.05)。结论:3周有氧运动就能有效改善肥胖青少年的体质健康,运动改善体质健康的效应呈时间依赖性增加的模式,并且重度肥胖者相比中度肥胖者对有氧运动更加敏感。     

Females exposed to 24 h of sleep deprivation do not experience greater physiological strain,but do perceive heat illness symptoms more severely,during exercise-heat stress

There is limited and inconclusive evidence surrounding the physiological and perceptual responses to heat stress while sleep deprived, especially for females. This study aimed to quantify the effect of 24 h sleep deprivation on physiological strain and perceptual markers of heat-related illness in females. Nine females completed two 30-min heat stress tests (HST) separated by 48 h in 39°C, 41% relative humidity at a metabolic heat production of 10 W · kg^?1. The non-sleep deprived HST was followed by the sleep deprivation (SDHST) trial for all participants during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle. Physiological and perceptual measures were recorded at 5 min intervals during the HSTs. On the cessation of the HSTs, heat illness symptom index (HISI) was completed. HISI scores increased after sleep deprivation by 28 ± 16 versus 20 ± 16 (P = 0.01). Peak (39.40 ± 0.35°C vs. 39.35 ± 0.33°C) and change in rectal temperature (1.91 ± 0.21 vs. 1.93 ± 0.34°C), and whole body sweat rate (1.08 ± 0.31 vs. 1.15 ± 0.36 L · h^?1) did not differ (P > 0.05) between tests. No difference was observed in peak, nor rise in: heart rate, mean skin temperature, perceived exertion or thermal sensation during the HSTs. Twenty-four hours sleep deprivation increased perceptual symptoms associated with heat-related illness; however, no thermoregulatory alterations were observed.