花江纳朵洞滴水 Ca2＋与 Mg2＋、 Sr2＋的时空变化

对贵州关岭县花江纳朵洞内4个滴水点（D4、D5、D7、D8）和1个池水点（DC）,及洞顶上方的泉点（NDS）和降水（NDR）的水文水化学特征进行1个水文年的观测,其结果表明：（1）纳朵洞内4个滴水点Ca2＋在2012年12月至2013年11月这段时期内,变化的趋势基本一致,在6月开始迅速上升,9月达到高峰,然后缓慢下降,其特点是夏秋高冬春低。（2）4个滴水点 Sr／Ca 主要与降水有关,表现出雨季低,旱季高的特点。     

下伏土洞加筋地基条形荷载下应力扩散计算

通过大变形有限元分析,对下伏土洞加筋地基条形荷载下应力扩散的作用机理和沉降进行研究,分析了条形基础置于土体上的土体附加应力扩散、土洞区内应力及沉降变化规律。结果表明,土洞区内出现应力集中,下伏土洞地基沉降主要是由于土洞区内软弱土体变形造成。加筋体会增强应力扩散从而减小沉降,加筋体长度和埋深均存在最佳值;多层加筋较单层加筋更利于应力扩散,且层间会出现未完全拱形应力集中区域;相同加筋范围,层数增大对应力扩散影响较小,增大加筋范围更有助于应力扩散。     

南京汤山地区的洞穴和旅游

汤山葫芦洞是在早更新世时期地下水位稍下处,由混合溶蚀作用形成的,中更新世被抬升到地下水位以上并被揭开,堆积了来自近源的堆积物,其中已发现两具颅骨化石。与洞穴堆积一起组成了具有特色的洞穴文化旅游的珍贵资源。 由于开发中洞穴文化旅游的内涵深度不足,建议:对洞穴旅游资源再深入评议,丰富洞穴文化旅游内涵、协调和作好洞穴、阳山碑材和温泉三大资源的整合工作。     

旋喷桩在多溶洞地基中的应用

结合工程实践 ,介绍某高层建筑采用旋喷桩加固地基 ,处理后达到石灰岩裂隙溶洞含水层止水 ,石灰岩表面溶沟、溶槽及浅层溶洞充填密实的效果 ,从而说明旋喷桩对多溶洞地基处理在技术上是可行的     

Investigation of iodine concentration in salt,water and soil along the coast of Zhejiang,China

Objective: We aim to describe the environment iodine concentration in salt, water and soil along Zhejiang Province coast in the China foreland. It will be helpful for us to judge whether this area is insufficient in iodine and universal iodized salt is necessary or not. Methods: We collected iodized salt samples, drinking water samples (tap water in the towns, and well water or spring water in the villages), water samples from different sources (ditches, lakes, rivers) and soil samples through random sampling in June, 2005. Salt, water and soil iodine was detected by arsenic-cerium redox method. Statistical analysis was expressed as mean±SEMby Windows SPSS 13.0. Results: (1) The iodine concentration in salt was 27.9±4.33 mg/kg (n=108). (2) Seventy-five water samples were collected. The water iodine value was 0.6～84.8 μg/L (mean of 11.66 μg/L). The watershed along the Qiantang River has significantly higher iodine content than the water in Lin'an in mountain area (P＜0.01). The iodine content and mean iodine content of tap water, well or spring water and natural water sources were 4.30±2.43 μg/L (n=34), 23.59±27.74 μg/L (n=19)and 12.72±10.72 μg/L (n=22) respectively. This indicated that among environmental water sources, the ditch iodine content was the highest with river water iodine being the lowest (P＜0.01). (3) Soil iodine value was 0.11～2.93 mg/kg (mean of 1.32 mg/kg).Though there was no statistical difference of soil iodine in different districts (P=0.131), soil iodine content correlated positively with water iodine content. Conclusion: Iodine concentration in salt accords with national policy of adding iodine in salt. Foreland has more iodine in water than mountain area. The data reflected that water and soil iodine in foreland area was not high, which suggests universal iodized salt should be necessary. Environment iodine has relatively close association with pollution.     

The relative effects of pre- and postattention directing devices on learning from a “walk-through” museum exhibit

Twenty-eight seventh and eighth grade students were randomly assigned to two treatments and a control as they entered the Florida State Museum. All subjects were given set induction materials saying in effect: (1) Treatment-Study the wall panel which is part of the cave exhibit and describes the many biologic relationships and organisms in the cave at the cave entrance. Continue into the cave and study the habitat. When you exit the cave you will be given a test to see how much you learned; (2) Treatment II-Enter the cave and study that habitat. When you exit at the other end, study the wall panel which is part of the cave exit and describes the many biologic relationships and organisms in the cave. After studying this panel you will be given a test to see how much you learned; (3) Control-You will take a walk through exhibits depicting a variety of Florida Habitats and later see a film on the Habitats of Florida that are represented in the museum. Then you will be given a test to determine how much you know about one type of habitat. Both treatments and the control spent equivalent time at their tasks and were confronted with either the cave exhibit as described or the equivalent control experiences. A 25 item criterion test was designed to measure the acquisition of conceptual and factual knowledge and specific attentional factors relative to both the cave and the instructional panel. A Kr-20 indicated that this instrument had a reliability coefficient of 0.80. It was anticipated that the panel, used as an attention directing and controlling device prior to entering the cave (Treatment I) or upon exiting the cave (Treatment II), would function as a forward-shaping or backward review prompting adjunct, hence both should be significantly more effective than the control. This was confirmed (df 2,28; F 8.09) p < 0.01. It was also expected that the forward shaping panel would be more effective than the backward review panel in the tradition of inserted questions in prose research. Although the differences were in this direction, they were not significant (p≤ 0.10).     

水晕墨章--谈山水画的用水

本文通过对中国山水画创作中用水技法的论证分析,详细阐释出水法的妙用,可使"笔生墨活"、"墨韵无穷",达到画面"水墨淋漓"、"气韵生动"之艺术效果,营造出"神境生"、"妙境成"之意境.     

凯里市不同土壤马尾松林的大型真菌调查

贵州省凯里市有3种土壤类型,它们适于马尾松生长.通过对不同土壤马尾松林大型真菌的调查研究,发现当地有155个大型真菌种类,其中黄壤上分布有103个种,白云岩石灰土上有98种,碳酸钙石灰土上有83种.     

Children’s Ecoliterature and the New Nature Study

This essay explores how nineteenth-century nature study principles inform a twenty-first century New Nature Study movement, and gives examples of a trend toward nature writing in recent picture books. The pedagogical principles of nineteenth-century nature study, ascendant at the turn of the twentieth century and implicit in interwar children’s literature, yielded to a model founded on Cold War competition rather than environmental stewardship. In mid-century narratives for children, technological progress prevailed. In the 1990s, the ideals of the first nature study movement reemerged in a call for meaningful conservation to sustain future generations. Like the original nature study, the New Nature Study arises from anxieties about industrial development, habitat loss and extinction, and hazards to childhood itself. The New Nature Study treats children as agents for change and citizens being denied their full human rights when their land, soil, water, and lives are bought and sold.     

窑洞——中国生态民居之寄

窑洞是古人类住宅的建筑活化石,作为黄土高原最具代表性的民居,确实蕴含着北方民族穴居的历史遗风。体现了中华民族与自然和谐相处的哲学精神,蕴含着天地自然亲亲融合的环境意识,包含了顺应自然的生存意识,天圆地方的审美造型特征,是一种人性化的人居场所。其建筑形式蕴含了丰富的生态节能理念,近年来受到了人们高度的关注。窑洞是我国生态节能建筑的典范,冬暖夏凉和节材节地是它节能性的充分体现,所透析的生土文化足以让人类享受永恒。总结和提炼这些生态建筑美学元素、经验,并结合现代技术将其转化和重构以适应返本开新,是它的轴心地位的需要。     

不同灌溉模式对小麦产量及生育性状的影响

研究了5种不同灌溉模式对小麦产量及生育性状的影响。结果表明,在安阳市的生态条件下,如果从高产的角度考虑,5种灌溉模式中,以处理⑤模式即底墒水+越冬水+春1水较为适宜。但在底墒水充足,冬前墒情较好的情况下,也可采用处理④的模式即底墒水+春2水模式。如果水资源短缺,灌水成本较高,则为了达到节水灌溉和提高水分利用率的目的,可以采用处理③的灌溉模式即底墒水+春1水模式。这种模式尤其适用于安阳市西部丘陵区。     

Study on constructive system of green cave dwelling in Loess Plateau Interpretation with the ＂regional gene＂ theory

This article reveals the inherent evolution adjusting mechanism of regional architecture by means of considering the concept and method of "regional gene" as the research approach of regional architecture construction system, and in the mean- while establishes the "gene database" of regional architecture and optimum technology, on the basis of the principle of sustainable development and scientific evaluation system. In addition, this article chooses the planning of model villages of cave dwellings in Loess Plateau and the construction of ecological cave dwellings for case study to prove the feasibility of the research approach.     

大型溶洞旅游开发中三维建模测绘技术及应用

溶洞旅游是旅游行业的一个重要组成部分,其具有稀缺性与不可复制性的特点。溶洞旅游开发过程中需要注意开发与保护的统一,传统测绘手段只能为设计单位提供2D数字绘图,不能详细反映溶洞内部细节情况,因此设计单位在设计时可能出现在某些空间上把握不准确,造成空间浪费甚至溶洞内部资源损坏的情况。借助地面三维激光扫描系统,通过前期控制测量,将扫描仪安置在控制点上对溶洞内部进行高精度扫描。以云南某溶洞旅游景区开发项目为例,阐述三维激光扫描技术在地下溶洞旅游开发中的具体应用,包括前期现场准备及作业方法、点云数据处理、复杂表面3D建模、精度评定、作业效率分析及经验总结等,以期为溶洞旅游开发提供一定参考。     

速止对鼻息肉摘除术后治疗作用的观察

目的 :探讨速止对鼻息肉摘除术后的止血疗效。方法 :对 46例 (3 0例双侧 )鼻息肉手术患者术后应用速止 0 4静脉滴注 ,并与 2 0例 (9例双侧 )鼻息肉应用止血敏滴注作对照 ,观察术后抽除纱条鼻出血情况。结果 :46例中显效 5 9侧 (77 6 3 %) ,有效 1 5侧 (1 9 74%) ,无效 2侧 (2 6 3 %) ,总有效率 97 3 7%。止血效果与对照组相比 p <0 0 5 ,差异有显著性。结论 :速止具有能够更迅速、疗效更确切的止血 ,可作鼻息肉术后常规用药。     

静力触探技术在黄土地区工程勘察中的应用

静力触探技术经过70余年的发展及日趋完善,其操作简单,智能化程度高,是岩土工程勘察常用的原位测试手段之一。静力触探基本原理就是通过探头传感器实现一系列量的转化,并由仪器记录下来,达到测定土强度和其它指标之目的。本文一方面重点论述了静力触探技术在黄土地区勘察中的应用：根据地区黄土地层特点和经验建立了确定地基土承载力的经验公式及其它有关力学参数;详细地论述了如何依据静力触探参数判别土的类别、划分地层界线、确定地下水位埋深和地下洞穴等。特别是依据静力触探参数和曲线形态判别地下洞穴和确定地下水位是本领域的创新和发展。     

二河高速公路工程建设项目水土保持及监测

公路工程具有“点多、线长、面广”,所经地域跨度大、地质地貌复杂,工程建设扰动土地面积广,水土流失影响范围大、危害重等特点,为了加强公路工程开发建设项目的水土保持管理,切实遏制人为造成新的水土流失,保护水土资源,就需要对工程建设项目的水土流失及其防治情况实施全程监测监控,以便于在实践中建立一套成熟完善的监测技术和评价指标体系及标准。     

Effects of reducing river flow on pulse residence time in Little Manatee River, USA

Residence time is an important indicator for river environmental management. In this paper, a 3D hydrody-namic model has been successfully applied to Little Manatee River to characterize the mixing and transport process and residence time. The model employs horizontal curvilinear orthogonal grids to represent the complex river system that consists of branches and bayous. The model has been satisfactorily calibrated and verified by using two continuous data sets. The data sets consist of hourly observations of all forcing boundaries, including freshwater inputs, tides, winds, salin-ity and temperatures at bay boundary, and air temperatures for model simulations. The data sets also consist of hourly observations of water levels, salinity, and temperature at several river stations. The calibrated and verified hydrodynamic model was used to predict residence time in the Little Manatee River. Under the minimum flow of 0.312 m3/s, the pulse residence time (PRT) is 108 days. Model simulations were also conducted for 17 flow scenarios. Empirical regression equations have been satisfactorily derived to correlate PRT to freshwater inflow. Correlation coefficient R2 is 0.982 for PRT.     

The relative effects of experimenter and subject generated questions on learning from museum case exhibits

Fifty-five undergraduate education majors were randomly assigned to one of three treatment conditions as they entered the “walk-through” cave exhibit at The Florida State Museum. Subjects in treatment I received set induction materials directing them to enter the cave, to observe the cave carefully, and finally to read the information in five case exhibits after exiting the cave. Subjects in treatment II observed the cave exhibit, read the information in the five case exhibits, and answered two experimenter generated questions about each case exhibit immediately after reading the information in it. Subjects in treatment III observed the cave exhibit, read the information in the five case exhibits, and generated two questions about each case exhibit and answered them immediately after reading the information in each exhibit. All subjects received an immediate 20-item posttest. Seven of these items focused on observations from the “walk-through” portion of the cave exhibit. The remaining 13 items covered the information in the case exhibits. Analysis of variance indicated no significant differences between groups on the observation questions; however, a significant difference was detected for the case exhibit questions (p < 0.02). Follow up analyses indicated that subjects who answered the experimenter generated questions performed significantly better than subjects who did not answer any questions. Although no other differences were detected at the 0.05 level, the trend of results indicated that subjects who answered experimenter generated questions performed better than subjects who generated their own questions. These latter subjects performed better than subjects who read the case exhibits without answering any questions.     

水土保持的市场机制与行为体系

除去自然因素的作用之外,从经济学的角度来分析,当水土资源的市场价格信息发生偏差的情况下最容易发生水土流失。在水土保持中存在市场失灵的现阶段,政府的调节作用至关重要。由于传统的“命令加控制”政府管理手段的局限性,政府需要通过建立水土保持的经济机制和连续的政策与管理体系以及保护性生态伦理,促使作为农村水土保持主体的农户积极地采取符合生态友好的行为方式,实现政府、企业与农户效益目标一致基础上有效的水土保持。     

工业控制系统中工控软件的拓展与系统仿真

以复方丹参滴丸自动灌装线的测控系统设计为例 ,研究了在典型工业控制软件中嵌入其他应用软件进行功能扩展的方法 ,及在一种软件的界面操作下进行多种软件无缝挂接的设计要点 ,并探讨了软件在测控系统中的仿真技术应用原理 .这些软件技术与仿真原理的应用 ,增强了工控软件编制的灵活性 ,达到了软件间的优势互补 ,拓展了自动线中测控系统的功能 ,提高了其智能化程度与工作的可靠性指标 .