重订羌活属的分类

在野外实地观察和标本整理的基础上,检查了羌活属各个分类群的分类问题,考证了它们的名 称。通过性状分析,主要以小总苞片的形状及其相关特征作为属下分类的依据,将卵叶羌活N．oviforme 改隶于宽叶羌活之下作为亚种处理,支持张盍曾在1975年将 N.franchetii  与N.forbesii合并为1种。如 此,该属共5种,其中1种含1亚种。描述了两个新组,对属的特征和地理分布作了补充。近年该属新增加2种,因此分种检索表也作了相应的修改。     

膜萼藤属——我国新记录属

The present paper reports the first record of the genus Hymenopyramis in China. H. cana is a new record on Hainan Island of Guangdong Province. It grows in deciduous mon- soon forests or shrubby savanna (western Hainan) at 50 to 150 m alt.     

湖北泽泻属植物的细胞分类学研究

本文对湖北省三种泽泻属 Alisma L. 植物进行了核型分析和形态研究。  结果表明：     泽泻 A．plantago-aquatica L. 和东方泽泻1) A. orientale (Sam．) Juzep．  2n=2x=14，窄叶     泽泻 A．canaliculatum A．Br. Bouche 2n=6x=42。  其中东方泽泻的核型是未报道过的新     类型，这与前人所提出的该属植物核型为同型的结论不同，且泽泻和东方泽泻在形态方面亦有     很大差异，因而支持将泽泻和东方泽泻分立两种的观点。又结合前人的工作，讨论了该属植物 核型变异的三种式样。     

鹅绒藤类群的化学分类

 本文通过形态学和植物化学的比较研究探讨了鹅绒藤类群的分类等级问题。  化学资料表明，广义鹅绒藤属的地梢瓜组含有萝藦科中甚为独特的黄酮醇成分，而未检出普遍存在于这一类群的C21甾体化合物。  作者认为黄酮醇是新等级地梢瓜属的特征成分。  通过对狭义鹅绒藤属、白前属、地梢瓜属、隔山消属和杯冠藤属的分析，认为隔山消组和杯冠藤组也应恢复其属级地位。     

中国种子植物特有属的数量分析

Chinese flora with many endemic elements is highly important in the world’s flora. According to recent statistics there are about 196 genera of spermatophytes, be- ing 6.5% of total Chinese genera.  These endemic genera comprising 377 species belong to 68 families, among which the Gesneriaceae (28 genera), Umbelliferae (13), Compo- sitae (13), Orchidaceae (12) and Labiatae (10) are predominant.  The tropical type containing 24 families and 80 genera is dominant. After it follows the temperate type with 23 families and 50 genera.  There are also 4 families endemic to China, i.e. Gin- kgoaceae, Bretschneideraceae, Eucommiaceae and Davidiaceae.  It shows that genera endemic to China are obviously related to the tropical and temperate flora in essence.      The endemic monotypic genera (139) and endemic obligotypic genera (48) combin- ed make up more than 95% of the total number of genera endemic to China.  Phylo- genetically more than half of them are ancient or primitive.  The life forms of all ende- mic genera are also diverse.  Herbs, especially perennial herbs, prevail with the propor- tion of about 62%, and trees and shrubs are the next, with 33%, and the rest are lianas.       Based upon the calculated number of genera endemic to China in each province and the similarity coefficents between any two provinces, some conclusions may be drawn as follows:       Yunnan and Sichuan Provinces combined are the distribution centre of genera en- demic to China and may be their original or  differentiation area,  because  numerous endemic genera, including various groups, exist in these two provinces.  The second is Guizhou where there are 62 endemic genera.  Others form a declining order, south China, central China and east China. But towards the north China endemic genera de- crease gradually, and the Qinling Range is an important distributional limit.       The largest simitarity coefficient, over 50%, appears between Shaanxi and Gansu probably because of the Qinling Range linking these two provinces.  But between any other two provinces it is less than 30% and it is generaly larger between two south pro- vinces than between two north provinces.       These characteristics mentioned above are correlated with topography and climate, and they may be resulted from the diversification in geography and climatic influence for a long time.     

菊科福王草属的分类界限及中国菊科植物一新属——紫菊属

After having examined all specimens of the genus Prenanthes L. of Compositae in the Herbarium of Institute of Botany, Academia Sinica, I find that the classic concept on the genus Prenanthes established by G. Bentham in 1873 has not been held exactly by some of Euro- pean, American, Japanese and Chinese botanists. For example, W. B. Hemsley, S. T. Dunn, A. Franchet, S. Kitamura and C. C. Chang placed plants from China which belong to other groups into the genus; I also find that the classic concept of the genus is not clear.  The present paper makes a revision not only on the classic concept of the genus, but also on its concept assumed by the above-mentionded botanists.      With the combination of numerous (25-35), white or yellow ligular florets, numerous ribs of achenes, Prenanthes alba L. (Nabalus albus (L.) Shih, comb. nov.) is distinctly different from Prenanthes purpurea L., which has the combination of purple, few (5-15) ligular flo- rests and few ribs of achenes.  Nabalus Cass., as a genus established early (1825) by H. Cassini, should be restored.  It is not reasonable to treat Nabalus as a subgenus (E. B. Babcock et al. 1947) or a section (S. Kitamura, 1956) or as a synonym (G. Bentham, 1983) of the genus Preanathes L.       The present author recognizes seven species in the new revised genus  Prenanthes L.  in China, 4 of which are described as new.  In the genus Nabalus Cass.  only one species, N. ochroleuca Maxim., is distributed in Northeast China.       As Lactuca melanantha Franch. (1895), Prenanthes henryi Dunn (1903), P. glandulosa Dunn (1903), Lactuca triflora Hemsl. (1888) (it was transferred to Prenanthes L. by C. C. Chang in 1934), Prenanthes formosana Kitam. (1934) and P. wilsoni Chang (1934) all have campanulate involucres, purple phyllaries, purple dorsi-ventrally compressed achenes, longitu- dinal rids 6-9 on each side of achene truncate and beakless at its apex and pilose tubes of co- rollae, they should be placed neither into the genus Prenanthes with obtusely tri-or pentagonous, subterete achenes and glabrous tubes of corollae, nor into the genus Lactuca with beak achenes. Besides the above-mentioned species misnamed by some of foreign and Chinese botanists, 6 other species also have the same structure in achenes and corollae.  Evidently, they fall into a new genus with the name Notoseris Shih.       The new genus Notoseris Shih of the tribe Lactuceae of Compositae seems to be more re- miniscent of Lactuca L. than of Prenanthes L. emend.       All the 12 species of the genus Notoseris Shih are endemic to China and distributed in the area of south of Yantze River. Of them 6 are new combinations and 6 are described as new.     

泰国茜草科粗叶木属植物的分类学研究

在详细检查了K，BM，E，P，AAU，L，KEP，BKF，BK，SING，PSU等标本馆馆藏茜草科粗叶本属Lasianthus Jack.植物标本基础上，研究了泰国产粗叶木属植物的分类学，共归并7个种名，建立3个新种，3 个新变种，1个新等级，以及8个泰国分布新记录种及8个泰国分布新记录变种，确认泰国共有粗叶木属植物52种，1亚种，12变种；讨论了易于混淆的种的界线、它们可能的亲缘关系以及识别要点。     

云南鳞毛蕨属植物分类概要

本文研究云南产鳞毛蕨属植物的属下分类并列出所有的种类。该属植物在云南现知至少有88种，属下可划分为3个亚属和12个组。为了使这些类群之间的特征轮廓清晰，本文提供了分亚属及分组的检索表。     

中国实蕨属的分类修订

对实蕨属Bolbitis的17种植物的孢子进行了扫描电镜观察。根据孢子周壁特征,中国产实蕨属的孢子明显可分为3种类型：A型孢子具网状周壁,B型孢子具鸡冠状-波状周壁,C型孢子具平滑的波状周壁。孢子周壁特征、叶脉式样和叶片顶部的形态是实蕨属中最有价值的分类学性状。根据标本检查,结合野外调查和孢子形态观察,对中国产实蕨属的分类进行了修订,确定中国有实蕨属植物20种和3杂交种,其中包括2个新组合B. fengiana (Ching) S. Y. Dong和B. medogensis (Ching & S. K. Wu) S. Y. Dong,以及2个中国新分布B. costata Ching ex C. Chr.和B. hookeriana K. Iwats.。将B. latipinna Ching、B. media Ching & Chu H. Wang、B. yunnanensis Ching、Egenolfia crassifolia Ching、E. crenata Ching & P. S. Chiu、E. fengiana Ching、E. medogensis Ching & S. K. Wu和E. ×yunnanensis Ching & P. S. Chiu等8个名称处理为新异名。文中给出了分种检索表、每个种的生境和分布资料、大多数种的特征集要和孢子扫描电镜照片。     

柑桔植物的数值分类学研究

本文用系统聚类法和对应分析法对59份柑桔及其近缘植物枳和金柑三个属的分类群进行了数值 分类学研究。  结果表明，在栽培柑桔中，枸橼Citrus medica、柚Citrus grandis、宽皮柑桔Citrusreticulata是三大基本类型。  本文还对些种类的分类地位作了探讨。     

马铃苣苔属(苦苣苔科)的分类

按本文处理，马铃苣苔属Oreocharis包括27种、5变种，其中有5个新种、4个新变     种。文中分析研究了该属的外部形态和地理分布; 在扫描电镜(SEM)下，对22个种的花粉     外壁和16个种的种皮进行了观察。结果认为花冠有三个类型，花药有两个类型，花粉和种皮     的外壁纹饰也可各分为三个类型。花冠的各种类型是稳定的，它们与花粉粒和种皮的特征明     显相关。其相关性是该属次级划分的主要依据。该属分为四个组。以O．bodinieri建立的 属，Dasydesmus  Craib被并入Oreocharis。     

河北堇菜属植物的进一步研究

本文着重运用聚类分析的方法，对河北地区堇菜属植物进行研究，确定本属中组和亚     组的划分界限，并通过对形态学特征和地理分布式样的分析，确认蒙古堇菜(V. mongolica     Franch．)和北京堇菜(V．pekinensis(Regel) W．Beck．)实属同一个种，北京堇菜不应作为     独立的种存在。通过将美丽堇菜组(Sect．Melanium Ging．)与其它类群进行比较，发现差异     很大，超出了组和组间的相似性范围，因而支持Juzepczuk(1949)将它提升为亚属的分类处    理。     

猕猴桃科的花粉形态及其系统位置的探讨

本文作者用光学显微镜和扫描电镜(少数种类用透射电镜)对猕猴桃科Actinidia-     ceae(按照Cronquist 1981和Dahlgren 1983的概念)的猕猴桃属Actinidia(15种)、藤山柳     属Clematoclethra(5种)和水东哥属Saurauia(3种)植物的花粉形态进行了观察，并与山茶科     Theaceae(7属9种)和山柳科Clethraceae(1属1种)的花粉进行了对比分析。根据花粉的     资料，并综合分析有关的外部形态、胚胎和化学方面的特征，讨论了猕猴桃科的范围，以及这个 科的系统位置。     

田麻属的分类学研究

本文对田麻属植物的分类进行了研究，确认1种2变种，归并了1种3变种1变型，降级1种。     

木原均,Á.洛夫与小麦族(禾本科)的现代遗传学属的概念

分类学是认识生物体的一种工具,对生物体间系统关系的理解,种质资源利用的指南,也是一种交流用的普通语言。因此,分类处理需要反映这些关系的近期认识。在自然界,生物体只有两个绝对的单位：个体与种。一个种是一群个体被不可缺少的生殖关系相互联系成为的一个绝对单位。生殖隔离是种与种间的基本界限,同时也是生物演化过程中形成独立基因库(gene pools)的惟一因素。既然在种以上的分类群没有绝对界线,在种以上的任一分类处理都不可能避免人为性。虽然如此,仍然必须作出某些分类适应它们的描述、利用与(或)研究。这篇文章对小麦族分类群间生物系统关系的划分是基于遗传学的研究。我们分类处理的原则是：(1)反映这些种系统演化现今的理解;(2)便于种质资源的利用;(3)避免与传统处理有不必要的剧烈改变。     

竹亚科酸竹属的研究

在对竹亚科散生竹全面研究基础上，本文对酸竹属进行了系统的整理和研究，讨论了本属与相近属之间亲缘和区别。本文确认有6种，其中有1新组合和5个新异名。     

裂瓜属的研究

The classical and numerical taxonomy, palynology and the geographical dis- tribution of the Genus Schizopepon are dealt with in the present paper.  Having comme- nted on various opinions regarding the systematic position of the genus, the present au- thors consider that C. Jeffrey’s treatment of Schizopepon as a new and monogeneric tri- be, Schizopeponeae, should be supported.      The gross morphological characters in the genus are assessed from the taxonomic point of view.  Some characters, such as stamens with an elongated connective or not, different insertions of ovules and various forms of ovaries and fruits, may be used for distinguishing subgenera.      The pollen grains of all the species were observed under light microscope (LM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM).  The results show that a strong differentiation has taken place in the pollen of the genus, and in consequence it may be regarded as an important basis for dividing subgenera and species. Especially it should be pointed out that degrees of development of colpi and positions of ora are positively correlated with the external characters used for distinguishing subgenera.      According to the morphological and palynological characters, the genus Schizopepon may be divided into three subgenera and eight species: 1. Subgenus Schizopepon: 5 spe- cies, S. bryoniaefolius Maxim., S. monoicus A. M. Lu et Z. Y. Zhang, S. dioicus Cogn., S. longipes Gagnep. and S. macranthus Hand.-Mazz.; 2. Subgenus Rhynchocarpos A. M. Lu et Z. Y. Zhang: 1 species, S. bomiensis A. M. Lu et Z. Y. Zhang; 3. Subgenus Neoschi- zopepon A. M. Lu et Z. Y. Zhang: 2 species, S. bicirrhosus (C. B. Clarke) C. Jeffrey and S. xizangensis A. M. Lu et Z. Y. Zhang.      The 8 OTU’s including all the species of this genus and 31 characters, of which 16 are morphological characters and 15 palynological characters, were used in the numerical taxonomic treatment.  After standardization of characters, the correlation and distance matrices were computed.  The correlation matrices are made to test the various clustering methods.  At last, the UPGMA clustering method was selected and its result is shown in the form of phenogram.  The result of numerical analysis is similar to that of the classical classification.      Schizopepon Maxim. is a genus of East Asia-Himalayan distribution. China has all 8 species and 2 varieties, of which 6 species are endemic. Based on the statistics of spedies number, the distribution centre of the genus is considered to be in the Hengduan Mountains (Yangtze-Mekong-Salwin water divides) and the adjacent areas of the southwest China.     

中国金腰属的研究(续)

This paper deals with the taxonomy and geographic distribution of the ge- nus Chrysosplenium L. in China.      Based on the characters and evolution of the seed, capsule, disk, ovary and leaf, the species of this genus can be grouped into 2 subgenera, 5 sections and 16 series.  There are 2 subgenera, 5 sections and 11 series in China.  They are as follows:      I.  Subgen. Gamosplenium Maxim. emend. J. T. Pan      Leaves alternate.      Lectotype: Chrysosplenium carnosum Hook. f. et Thoms.      1.  Sect. Alternifolia Franch. emend. J. T. Pan      Seeds smooth and glabrous.      Type: Chrysosplenium alternifolium L.       (1)  Ser. Nudicaulia Maxim. emend. J. T. Pan      Disk obscure or absent; ovary nearly half-inferior, sometimes mostly inferior; cap- sule generally subtruncate and emarginate at top and bilobed with equal and horizontal- ly divaricate or suberect lobes; seeds smooth and glabrous.      Type: Chrysosplenium nudicaule Maxim.       (2)  Ser. Alternifolia Maxim. emend. J. T. Pan      Disk 8-lobed; ovary nearly half-inferior; capsule generally subtruncate and emar- ginate at top, and bilobed with equal and horizontally  divaricate lobes;  seeds smooth and glabrous.       Type: Chrysosplenium alternifolia L.      2.  Sect. Nephrophylloides Turcz.      Seeds minutely papillose or pilose.      Type: Chrysosplenium sedakowii Turcz.       (1)  Ser. Macrophylla Franch. emend. J. T. Pan      Disk obscure or absent; ovary nearly half-inferior; capsule nearly truncate and em- arginate at top, and bilobed with equal lobes; seeds minutely papillose.      Type: Chrysosplenium macrophyllum Oliv.       (2)  Ser. Ovalifolia Maxim. emend. J. T. Pan      Disk generally 8-, rarely 4-, lobed, papillae absent around disk; ovary mostly infe- rior; capsule subtruncate and emarginate at top; seeds minutely papillose or pilose.      Type: Chrysosplenium ovalifolium M. Bieb. ex Bunge       (3)  Ser. Lanuginosa Hara, emend. J. T. Pan      Papillae numerous, brown around reduced disk; ovary mostly inferior; capsule ne- arly truncate and emarginate at top; seeds minutely papillose.      Type: Chrysosplenium lanuginosum Hook. f. et Thoms.        II.  Subgen. Chrysosplenium      Leaves opposite.      Type: Chrysosplenium oppositifolium L.      1.  Sect. Trichosperma J. T. Pan, sect. nov.      Capsule not truncate at top, and bilobed with subequal, suberect or divergent lobes.      Type: Chrysosplenium trichospermum Edgew. ex Hook. f. et Thoms.      This section is divided into 4 series in the world, with only 1 in China.      (1)  Ser. Nepalensia Maxim. emend. J. T. Pan      Disk obscure or absent; ovary generally mostly inferior;  cassule not truncate at top, and bilobed with subequal and suberect or divergent lobes; seeds smooth and gla- brous.       Type: Chrysosplenium nepalense D. Don      2.  Sect. Grayana J. T. Pan, sect. nov.      Capsule bilobed with distinctly unequal and ascending lobes.      Type: Chrysosplenium grayanum Maxim.      This section consists of 4 series in the world, with 3 series in China.       (1)  Ser. Sinica Maxim. emend. J. T. Pan      Disk obscure or absent; ovary nearly half-superior; capsule bilobed with distinctly unequal and ascending lobes; seeds minutely papillose.       Type: Chrysosplenium sinicum Maxim.       (2)  Ser. Esulcata Franch. emend. J. T. Pan      Disk (4)-8-lobed; ovary generally half-inferior; capsule bilobed with unequal and ascending lobes; seeds minutely papillose or pilose.      Lectotype: Chrysosplenium dubium J. Gayex DC.       (3)  Ser. pilosa maxim. emend. J. T. Pan      Disk obscure or absent; ovary nearly half-inferior; capsule bilobed with distinctly unequal and ascending lobes; seeds distinctly longitudinally ll-18-costate and minu- tely papillose or tuberculate on the ridge.       Type: Chrysosplenium pilosum Maxim.       3.  Sect. Chrysosplenium       Capsule nearly truncate and emarginate at top, and bilobed with equal and horizon- tally divaricate lobes.       Type: Chrysosplenium oppositifolium L.       (1)  Ser. Romosa J. T. Pan, ser. nov.       Disk distinctly 8-lobed, papillae sparse, brown around disk; ovary mostly inferior; ca- psule nearly truncate and emarginate at top, and bilobed with equal and horizontally divaricate lobes; seeds smooth and glabrous.       Type: Chrysosplenium ramosum Maxim.       This series is monospecific one, also occurring in China, namely C. ramosum Maxim.       (2)  Ser. Delavayi Hara       Disk distinctly 8-lobed, Papillae sparse, brown around the disk; ovary mostly infe- rior; capsule nearly truncate and emarginate at top, and bilobed with equal and hori- zontally divaricate lobes; seeds distinctly longitudinally 10-16-costate and transverse- ly striate on the ridge.       Type: Chrysosplenium delavayi Franch.         This series can be considered as the most advanced one in the Chrysaspleninm L.       So far, the Chrysosplenium L. comprises 64 species in the world, among which 1 spe- cies is found in North Africa, 2 in South America, 4 in Europe, 5 in North America, 56 in Asia, of which 3 occur in Sikkim, 5 Bhutan, 5 Mongolia, 6 north Burma, 6 Korea, 7 north India, 8 Nepal, 12 Japan, 17 U.S.S.R. (of which 3 also in Europe), 34 China (in- cluding 22 endemic species and 3 new species).       In China, Fujian and Guangdong Provinces and Zhuang Autonomous Region of Gu- angxi each has only 1 species, Taiwan, Zhejiang, Shanxi and Hebei Provinces and Uy- gur Autonomous Region of Xinjiang each has 2, Anhui, Jiangxi and Hunan Provinces each has 3, Qinghai Province 4, Heilongjiang, Liaoning and Guizhou Provinces each has 5, Jilin and Hubei Provinces each has 6, Gausu Province 8, Shaanxi Province and Xi- zang (Tibet) Autonomous Region each has 10, Yunnan Province has 11, Sichuan Provi- nce has 14.      Thus the distribution centre of this genus should be in the north temperate zone of Asia, and the region covering Shaanxi Gansu, Sichuan, Yunnan and Xizang may be regarded as an important part of this centre.      The 7 species of Ser.  Nudicaula Maxim. emend. J. T. Pan can be considered as the most primitive ones in this genus. They are mostly distributed in Shaanxi (Qin Ling), south Gansu, southeast Qinghai, southwest Sichuan and nothwest Yunnan of China. This region may be considered as the centre of the origin (or at least differentiation) of this genus.      The new species and the new varieties described in this paper are as follows: C. hy- drocotylifolium Levl. et Vant. var. emeiense J. T. Pan, C. taibaishanense J. T. Pan, C. lixianense Jien ex J. T. Pan, C. qinlingense Jien ex J. T. Pan.     

木原均,Á.洛夫与小麦族(禾本科)的现代遗传学属的概念

分类学是认识生物体的一种工具,对生物体间系统关系的理解,种质资源利用的指南,也是一种交流用的普通语言。因此,分类处理需要反映这些关系的近期认识。在自然界,生物体只有两个绝对的单位：个体与种。一个种是一群个体被不可缺少的生殖关系相互联系成为的一个绝对单位。生殖隔离是种与种间的基本界限,同时也是生物演化过程中形成独立基因库(gene pools)的惟一因素。既然在种以上的分类群没有绝对界线,在种以上的任一分类处理都不可能避免人为性。虽然如此,仍然必须作出某些分类适应它们的描述、利用与(或)研究。这篇文章对小麦族分类群间生物系统关系的划分是基于遗传学的研究。我们分类处理的原则是：(1)反映这些种系统演化现今的理解;(2)便于种质资源的利用;(3)避免与传统处理有不必要的剧烈改变。