重订羌活属的分类

在野外实地观察和标本整理的基础上,检查了羌活属各个分类群的分类问题,考证了它们的名称。通过性状分析,主要以小总苞片的形状及其相关特征作为属下分类的依据,将卵叶羌活N．oviforme改隶于宽叶羌活之下作为亚种处理,支持张盍曾在1975年将 N.franchetii  与N.forbesii合并为1种。如此,该属共5种,其中1种含1亚种。描述了两个新组,对属的特征和地理分布作了补充。近年该属新增加2种,因此分种检索表也作了相应的修改。     

膜萼藤属——我国新记录属

The present paper reports the first record of the genus Hymenopyramis in China.H. cana is a new record on Hainan Island of Guangdong Province. It grows in deciduous mon-soon forests or shrubby savanna (western Hainan) at 50 to 150 m alt.     

湖北泽泻属植物的细胞分类学研究

本文对湖北省三种泽泻属 Alisma L. 植物进行了核型分析和形态研究。  结果表明：    泽泻 A．plantago-aquatica L. 和东方泽泻1) A. orientale (Sam．) Juzep．  2n=2x=14,窄叶    泽泻 A．canaliculatum A．Br. Bouche 2n=6x=42。  其中东方泽泻的核型是未报道过的新    类型,这与前人所提出的该属植物核型为同型的结论不同,且泽泻和东方泽泻在形态方面亦有    很大差异,因而支持将泽泻和东方泽泻分立两种的观点。又结合前人的工作,讨论了该属植物核型变异的三种式样。     

鹅绒藤类群的化学分类

 本文通过形态学和植物化学的比较研究探讨了鹅绒藤类群的分类等级问题。  化学资料表明,广义鹅绒藤属的地梢瓜组含有萝藦科中甚为独特的黄酮醇成分,而未检出普遍存在于这一类群的C21甾体化合物。  作者认为黄酮醇是新等级地梢瓜属的特征成分。  通过对狭义鹅绒藤属、白前属、地梢瓜属、隔山消属和杯冠藤属的分析,认为隔山消组和杯冠藤组也应恢复其属级地位。     

中国种子植物特有属的数量分析

Chinese flora with many endemic elements is highly important in the world’sflora. According to recent statistics there are about 196 genera of spermatophytes, be-ing 6.5% of total Chinese genera.  These endemic genera comprising 377 species belongto 68 families, among which the Gesneriaceae (28 genera), Umbelliferae (13), Compo-sitae (13), Orchidaceae (12) and Labiatae (10) are predominant.  The tropical typecontaining 24 families and 80 genera is dominant. After it follows the temperate typewith 23 families and 50 genera.  There are also 4 families endemic to China, i.e. Gin-kgoaceae, Bretschneideraceae, Eucommiaceae and Davidiaceae.  It shows that generaendemic to China are obviously related to the tropical and temperate flora in essence.     The endemic monotypic genera (139) and endemic obligotypic genera (48) combin-ed make up more than 95% of the total number of genera endemic to China.  Phylo-genetically more than half of them are ancient or primitive.  The life forms of all ende-mic genera are also diverse.  Herbs, especially perennial herbs, prevail with the propor-tion of about 62%, and trees and shrubs are the next, with 33%, and the rest are lianas.      Based upon the calculated number of genera endemic to China in each province andthe similarity coefficents between any two provinces, some conclusions may be drawnas follows:      Yunnan and Sichuan Provinces combined are the distribution centre of genera en-demic to China and may be their original or  differentiation area,  because  numerousendemic genera, including various groups, exist in these two provinces.  The second isGuizhou where there are 62 endemic genera.  Others form a declining order, southChina, central China and east China. But towards the north China endemic genera de-crease gradually, and the Qinling Range is an important distributional limit.      The largest simitarity coefficient, over 50%, appears between Shaanxi and Gansuprobably because of the Qinling Range linking these two provinces.  But between anyother two provinces it is less than 30% and it is generaly larger between two south pro-vinces than between two north provinces.      These characteristics mentioned above are correlated with topography and climate,and they may be resulted from the diversification in geography and climatic influencefor a long time.     

菊科福王草属的分类界限及中国菊科植物一新属——紫菊属

After having examined all specimens of the genus Prenanthes L. of Compositae inthe Herbarium of Institute of Botany, Academia Sinica, I find that the classic concept on thegenus Prenanthes established by G. Bentham in 1873 has not been held exactly by some of Euro-pean, American, Japanese and Chinese botanists. For example, W. B. Hemsley, S. T. Dunn, A.Franchet, S. Kitamura and C. C. Chang placed plants from China which belong to other groupsinto the genus; I also find that the classic concept of the genus is not clear.  The present papermakes a revision not only on the classic concept of the genus, but also on its concept assumed bythe above-mentionded botanists.     With the combination of numerous (25-35), white or yellow ligular florets, numerous ribsof achenes, Prenanthes alba L. (Nabalus albus (L.) Shih, comb. nov.) is distinctly differentfrom Prenanthes purpurea L., which has the combination of purple, few (5-15) ligular flo-rests and few ribs of achenes.  Nabalus Cass., as a genus established early (1825) by H. Cassini,should be restored.  It is not reasonable to treat Nabalus as a subgenus (E. B. Babcock et al.1947) or a section (S. Kitamura, 1956) or as a synonym (G. Bentham, 1983) of the genusPreanathes L.      The present author recognizes seven species in the new revised genus  Prenanthes L.  inChina, 4 of which are described as new.  In the genus Nabalus Cass.  only one species, N.ochroleuca Maxim., is distributed in Northeast China.      As Lactuca melanantha Franch. (1895), Prenanthes henryi Dunn (1903), P. glandulosaDunn (1903), Lactuca triflora Hemsl. (1888) (it was transferred to Prenanthes L. by C. C.Chang in 1934), Prenanthes formosana Kitam. (1934) and P. wilsoni Chang (1934) all havecampanulate involucres, purple phyllaries, purple dorsi-ventrally compressed achenes, longitu-dinal rids 6-9 on each side of achene truncate and beakless at its apex and pilose tubes of co-rollae, they should be placed neither into the genus Prenanthes with obtusely tri-or pentagonous,subterete achenes and glabrous tubes of corollae, nor into the genus Lactuca with beak achenes.Besides the above-mentioned species misnamed by some of foreign and Chinese botanists, 6 otherspecies also have the same structure in achenes and corollae.  Evidently, they fall into a newgenus with the name Notoseris Shih.      The new genus Notoseris Shih of the tribe Lactuceae of Compositae seems to be more re-miniscent of Lactuca L. than of Prenanthes L. emend.      All the 12 species of the genus Notoseris Shih are endemic to China and distributed in thearea of south of Yantze River. Of them 6 are new combinations and 6 are described as new.     

泰国茜草科粗叶木属植物的分类学研究

在详细检查了K,BM,E,P,AAU,L,KEP,BKF,BK,SING,PSU等标本馆馆藏茜草科粗叶本属Lasianthus Jack.植物标本基础上,研究了泰国产粗叶木属植物的分类学,共归并7个种名,建立3个新种,3 个新变种,1个新等级,以及8个泰国分布新记录种及8个泰国分布新记录变种,确认泰国共有粗叶木属植物52种,1亚种,12变种;讨论了易于混淆的种的界线、它们可能的亲缘关系以及识别要点。     

云南鳞毛蕨属植物分类概要

本文研究云南产鳞毛蕨属植物的属下分类并列出所有的种类。该属植物在云南现知至少有88种,属下可划分为3个亚属和12个组。为了使这些类群之间的特征轮廓清晰,本文提供了分亚属及分组的检索表。     

中国实蕨属的分类修订

对实蕨属Bolbitis的17种植物的孢子进行了扫描电镜观察。根据孢子周壁特征,中国产实蕨属的孢子明显可分为3种类型：A型孢子具网状周壁,B型孢子具鸡冠状-波状周壁,C型孢子具平滑的波状周壁。孢子周壁特征、叶脉式样和叶片顶部的形态是实蕨属中最有价值的分类学性状。根据标本检查,结合野外调查和孢子形态观察,对中国产实蕨属的分类进行了修订,确定中国有实蕨属植物20种和3杂交种,其中包括2个新组合B. fengiana (Ching) S. Y. Dong和B. medogensis (Ching & S. K. Wu) S. Y. Dong,以及2个中国新分布B. costata Ching ex C. Chr.和B. hookeriana K. Iwats.。将B. latipinna Ching、B. media Ching & Chu H. Wang、B. yunnanensis Ching、Egenolfia crassifolia Ching、E. crenata Ching & P. S. Chiu、E. fengiana Ching、E. medogensis Ching & S. K. Wu和E. ×yunnanensis Ching & P. S. Chiu等8个名称处理为新异名。文中给出了分种检索表、每个种的生境和分布资料、大多数种的特征集要和孢子扫描电镜照片。     

中国假鹰爪属和皂帽花属植物叶的形态结构及其分类学意义

 利用扫描电镜技术、叶片离析法和石蜡切片法研究了假鹰爪属Desmos 4种植物和皂帽花属Dasy-maschalon 3种植物叶片的形态结构。结果表明：假鹰爪属植物叶片近轴面表皮具大型球状含晶簇细胞和不含晶簇的表皮细胞两种类型,远轴面表皮细胞均具一较小的晶簇;叶肉组织明显分化为栅栏组织细胞和海绵组织细胞,油细胞分布于第2层的栅栏组织和海绵组织内,单位毫米叶宽油细胞数为4～6个;主脉维管组织被薄壁细胞分隔成束状。皂帽花属植物叶片近轴面表皮细胞形状相同,均具一晶簇,远轴面表皮细胞的晶簇和近轴面表皮细胞的晶簇相似;靠近上、下表皮的叶肉组织均分化为栅栏组织细胞,在两层栅栏组织细胞之间分化为一至几层海绵组织细胞,油细胞分布于海绵组织内,单位毫米叶宽油细胞数为2～3个;主脉维管组织形成连续的环状。由此可见两属叶的结构具有明显的差异,因而支持假鹰爪属和皂帽花属为两个独立属的观点。     

木原均,Á.洛夫与小麦族(禾本科)的现代遗传学属的概念

分类学是认识生物体的一种工具,对生物体间系统关系的理解,种质资源利用的指南,也是一种交流用的普通语言。因此,分类处理需要反映这些关系的近期认识。在自然界,生物体只有两个绝对的单位：个体与种。一个种是一群个体被不可缺少的生殖关系相互联系成为的一个绝对单位。生殖隔离是种与种间的基本界限,同时也是生物演化过程中形成独立基因库(gene pools)的惟一因素。既然在种以上的分类群没有绝对界线,在种以上的任一分类处理都不可能避免人为性。虽然如此,仍然必须作出某些分类适应它们的描述、利用与(或)研究。这篇文章对小麦族分类群间生物系统关系的划分是基于遗传学的研究。我们分类处理的原则是：(1)反映这些种系统演化现今的理解;(2)便于种质资源的利用;(3)避免与传统处理有不必要的剧烈改变。     

木原均,Á.洛夫与小麦族(禾本科)的现代遗传学属的概念

分类学是认识生物体的一种工具,对生物体间系统关系的理解,种质资源利用的指南,也是一种交流用的普通语言。因此,分类处理需要反映这些关系的近期认识。在自然界,生物体只有两个绝对的单位：个体与种。一个种是一群个体被不可缺少的生殖关系相互联系成为的一个绝对单位。生殖隔离是种与种间的基本界限,同时也是生物演化过程中形成独立基因库(gene pools)的惟一因素。既然在种以上的分类群没有绝对界线,在种以上的任一分类处理都不可能避免人为性。虽然如此,仍然必须作出某些分类适应它们的描述、利用与(或)研究。这篇文章对小麦族分类群间生物系统关系的划分是基于遗传学的研究。我们分类处理的原则是：(1)反映这些种系统演化现今的理解;(2)便于种质资源的利用;(3)避免与传统处理有不必要的剧烈改变。     

试论中国种子植物特有属的分布区类型

中国种子植物特有属是局限分布于中国行政区域范围内的植物成分,就其分布特点看,集中分布于中国南部亚热带广阔区域。由于中国地域广袤,虽然大多数特有属分布在东亚自然地域范围内,但南部特有属的分布范围已进入古热带植物区的马来亚森林植物亚区的北部,而西部的特有属的分布范围已进入青藏高原地区。局限于不同地域分布的特有属,各自的起源发生、所经历的地质历史过程存在一定差别。本文以自然地理区划作为研究中国种子植物特有属分布区类型的依据,将中国特有属分布区类型划分为中国东部和中部特有分布变型、中国南部特有分布变型、中国西部特有分布变型和中国北部特有分布变型4类。其中中国南部特有分布变型所含特有属为热带区系成分,其它3个特有分布变型所含特有属为温带区系成分。这样能较客观地反映中国特有属的自然地理特征,有利于研究局部地区植物区系的地质历史演变过程。     

猕猴桃科的花粉形态及其系统位置的探讨

本文作者用光学显微镜和扫描电镜(少数种类用透射电镜)对猕猴桃科Actinidia-    ceae(按照Cronquist 1981和Dahlgren 1983的概念)的猕猴桃属Actinidia(15种)、藤山柳    属Clematoclethra(5种)和水东哥属Saurauia(3种)植物的花粉形态进行了观察,并与山茶科    Theaceae(7属9种)和山柳科Clethraceae(1属1种)的花粉进行了对比分析。根据花粉的    资料,并综合分析有关的外部形态、胚胎和化学方面的特征,讨论了猕猴桃科的范围,以及这个科的系统位置。     

竹亚科酸竹属的研究

在对竹亚科散生竹全面研究基础上,本文对酸竹属进行了系统的整理和研究,讨论了本属与相近属之间亲缘和区别。本文确认有6种,其中有1新组合和5个新异名。     

刺瓜属——中国葫芦科一归化属

Echinocystis Torr. et Gray of the Cucurbitaceae is reported as a naturalized genus in China.     

田麻属的分类学研究

本文对田麻属植物的分类进行了研究,确认1种2变种,归并了1种3变种1变型,降级1种。     

柏科的分类和分布:亚科、族和属

 柏科Cupressaceae和杉科Taxcdiaceae有许多相似之处,近年来不少分类学家主张把两科合并成广义的柏科。原杉科中的金松属Sciadopitys与两科其他屑的差异较大,被提升为单种科Sciadopity-aceae。本文根据球果可育种鳞的位置把柏科(狭义)分为2亚科,即上部种鳞不可育的柏木亚科Cupres-soideae和上部种鳞可育的澳洲柏亚科Callitroideae。综合其他形态学和解剖学证据,柏木亚科又分4族,即柏木族Cupresseae(包括：柏木属Cupressus、杂交柏属X Cupressocyparis、扁柏屑Chamaecyparis和福建柏属Fokeinia)、侧柏族Thujopsideae(包括：崖柏属Thuja、罗汉柏属Thujopsis和侧柏属laty-ladus)、圆柏族Junlpereae(包括：圆柏属Junzperus和海参威柏属Microbiota)以及香漆柏族Tetraclineae(包括：翠柏属Calt*edrus和香漆柏属Tetraclinis)。澳洲柏亚科又分3族,即澳洲柏族Actinostrobeae(包括：西澳柏属Actinostrobus、澳洲柏属Callitris、智利柏属Fitzroya和杉叶柏属Neocallitropsis)、南非柏族Widdringtoneae(包括：白智利柏属Pilgerodendron、塔斯曼柏属Diselma和南非柏属Widdringtonia)以及甜柏族Libocedreae(包括：甜柏属Libocedrus、巴布亚柏屑Papuacedrus和南美柏属Austrocedrus)。柏科21个属的地理分布可划分为5种类型,即：(1)杂交柏属系英国选出的属间杂交类型;(2)分布非洲、欧洲、亚洲和北美洲的属,有柏木属和圆柏属2个属;(3)东亚—北美洲际间断分布的属,有扁柏属、崖柏属和翠柏属3个属;(4)分布区较窄的属,包括西澳柏属,、澳洲柏属、甜柏屑、巴布亚柏属、南非柏属5个属;(5)单种屑,包括福建柏属、海参威柏属、罗汉柏属、侧柏属、香漆柏属、杉叶柏属、塔斯曼柏属、智利柏屑、南美柏属和白智利柏属等10个属。该科属的3个地理分布中心是：东亚(9属)、北美西南部(5属)、澳大利亚及其东部附近群岛(6属)。此外,地中海沿岸分布3属,智利南部和阿根廷分布3属。     

中国列当属的分类及与近缘属的关系

The morphological characters in the genus Orobanche were evaluated from thetaxonomic point of view.  The author finds that the plants of this genus are relatively similarto each other in respect to characters of vegetative organs, fruits and seeds.  But the differencesin the floral structures can be served as a basis for delimitating infrageneric taxa.   The seedcoat of 18 species and pollen grains of  6 species were also examined under scanning electronmicroscope (SEM). They seem to have little significance for distinguishing species.      The result supports G. Beck’s (1930) division of the genus Orobanche into 4 sections, ofwhich 2 occur in China, based on the characters of the inflorescence, bracteoles and calyx.The author considers that some characters, such as anther hairy or not, upper lip of corollaentire or not, lower lip longer or shorter than the upper one, the state of corolla-tube inflec- tion and the hair type of filaments and plants, are important in distinguishing Chinese species. A key to the species of Orobanche in China is given.      This genus consists of about 100 species, and is mostly confined to Eurasia, with over 60 species found in Caucasus and Middle Asia of USSR, where may be the mordern  distribu- tional  centre.       Orobanche L. in China is represented by 23 species, 3 varieties and l forma. As shown in Table 1, most species (12 species) are found in Xinjiang, which clearly shows a close floristic relationship between this region and Middle Asia of USSR.  6 species are endemic to China, of which 4 are confined to the Hengduan Mountains  (Yangtze-Mekong-Salwin divide).       The relationships between this genus and related ones of Orobanchaceae are also discussed. The author holds the following opinions: the genus Phelypaea Desf. should be considered as a  member of Orobanche L. Sect. Gymnocaulis G. Beck,  the monotypic genus,   Necranthus A.  Gilli endemic to Turkey, is allied with Orobanche L. Sect.  Orobanche, the monotypic genus,  Platypholis Maxim, endemic to Bonin Is. of Japan, is far from Orobanche L. in relation and  should be regarded as a separate genus.       The 11 OTU’s, including all the sections of Orobanche L. and 7 genera of Orobanchaceae,  and 15 morphological characters were used in the  numerical  taxonomic treatment  to  test  the  above-mentioned  suggestions.   After standardization of characters, the correlation matrices were  computerized.  The correlation matrices were made to test the various clustering methods.   At   last the UPGMA clustering method was chosen and its result is shown in a phenogram.  The  result of numerical analysis is basically in accordance with the suggestions.