全国少年赛引入体能测试

近年来,随着世界乒乓球运动技术水平的不断提高,比赛的对抗程度日益激烈,对运动员的身体素质提出了更高的要求。为了适应这种发展趋势,强化运动员身体训练势在必行。中国乒乓球协会决定自1998年开始,在全国少年比赛中增加体能测试。在对全国优秀运动队身体素质状况进行了全面调查的基础上,本着既要促进运动员身体素质得到全面发展,又要兼顾乒乓球运动专项特点和易于操作的原则,乒协决定把3000米跑和30秒×2．5米侧滑步以占总成绩20％的比例列为今年全国少年赛的测试内容。通过此次测试,各地方教练员和运动员对身体素质训练重要性的…     

中国优秀女子青少年乒乓球运动员身体素质训练水平综合评价的研究

乒乓球运动技术水平的发展和规则的改革要求乒乓球运动员必须具有较全面的身体素质基础,才能攀登世界乒坛高峰。以参加2009年全国女子青少年乒乓球集训的教练员和运动员为研究对象,采用问卷调查和实验相结合的研究方法,在对13岁~18岁女子乒乓球运动员的身体素质进行调查和测试分析的基础上,确定该年龄段女运动员训练和比赛的测试指标及其测试方法和评价方法,从而为中国乒协制定相关政策提供理论和实践依据,以确保中国乒乓球队在世界乒坛上的领先地位。     

我国优秀乒乓球运动员多种专项身体素质组合训练方法研究

采用文献资料法、实验法、数理统计法等研究方法,针对目前乒乓球运动员在专项身体素质训练中存在的训练方法老旧孤立、缺乏针对性和关联性的问题,研究设计了"单臂持哑铃""负重专项步法""两张球台步法极限练习""30 m多级连续跨跳""直线连续50 m侧滑步""单腿跳台阶"等6项创新性专项身体素质组合训练方法。通过两个半月的测验测试发现,研究设计的组合训练方法使得被测试乒乓球运动员的主要专项身体素质得到了全面提升,训练效果显著。     

对我国青少年乒乓球运动员比赛成绩与专项身体素质关系初探

本文对我国青少年乒乓球运动员的比赛成绩与乒乓球专项身体素质、比赛成绩与乒乓球各分项身体素质的关系进行了相关分析，提出了乒乓球专项身体素质水平的优劣，将直接影响运动成绩的提高。     

乒乓界始测体能

“体能测试”这个曾在足球界引起争议的作法,如今又被引入到乒乓球界。2月26日下午,中国乒协对本次乒协杯团体赛前16名的参赛队中的男女各32名球员,进行了3000米跑和8×5米侧滑步的体能测试。而且,本次专业球员体能测试的数据将作为确定“既保证有一定的测试范围和测试质量,又不会给运动员带来太大负担”的重要科研依据。中国乒协竟赛训练处副处长李玉环指出：“作为乒乓球这类强调技术性对抗的项目,体能训练被教练、球员重视得不够。今年的全国少年锦赛将球员的身体素质重新定位：将由80％的技术成绩和20％的素质成绩决定比赛的最终…     

大学生男子乒乓球运动员专项身体素质的综合评价研究

通过对第十二届大学生运动会乒乓球比赛冠军得主中国美术学院男子乒乓球队运动员10项专项身体素质指标的测试,运用聚类分析找出影响运动员专项身体素质的典型指标。对该指标进行综合分析,研制出一套适合大学生男子乒乓球运动员的评价模型,为大学生男子乒乓球队运动员的科学训练和选材评价提供科学、客观的依据。     

艺术体操运动员身体素质测量方法与指标体系评价的研究

笔者以全国艺术体操比赛中优秀少年运动员为研究对象，对艺术体操运动员身体素质测量方法及指标进行了长达６年的实验研究，设计出了更为科学实用的髋关节柔韧性及躯干柔韧性及弹跳力等素质的测量方法，建立了一整套具有艺术体操特点的身体素质测试指标体系。这对检测和提高艺术体操运动员身体素质的发展水平有着非常重要的意义     

我国优秀男子少年乒乓球运动员身体素质指标的测试分析

通过对１９９２～１９９７年１２～１４岁优秀男少年乒乓球运动员身体素质测试数据的统计分析,筛选出与运动成绩相关程度高的主要指标,建立由身体素质指标预测比赛成绩的数学模型;分析各指标因素对身体素质影响的重要程度,以期为教练员提供关于实现身体素质教学训练过程的合理控制。     

山东省乒乓球优秀男子运动员专项身体素质测试指标体系与评价标准的研究

以山东省部分优秀男子乒乓球运动员作为研究对象,采用文献资料法,专家访谈、问卷调查法、数理统计法等,对乒乓球专项身体素质与各测试指标进行了研究与分析,初步建立了乒乓球优秀男子运动员专项身体素质测试指标体系与评价标准,旨对山东省优秀男子乒乓球运动员提高专项身体素质提供理论依据,使其训练更有针对性。     

对青少年乒乓球基础训练技术形成的探析

本文从青少年乒乓球基础训练技术形成来进行分析研究,并得出以下主要结论：l、要严格制定好青少年乒乓球训练目标。2、要加强青少年运动员心理能力素质的发展与培养。3、要培养好青少年打球意识。4、要加强青少年扎实牢固的基本功训练。5、抓住青少年基本技术形成阶段可塑性强的关键时期。6、青少年乒乓球比赛基本打法的技术确定要灵活运用。7、重视青少年训练的步法和重心交换练习。8、青少年运动员身体素质训练的重要性。9、现代乒乓球规则的改革与青少年训练要紧密结合。10、重视提高技术水平同时要重视青少年乒乓球运动员文化教育和综合素质教育的培养。     

Carbohydrate ingestion improves endurance performance during a 1h simulated cycling time trial

This study examined the effect of carbohydrate ingestion on metabolic and performance-related responses during and after a simulated 1h cycling time trial. Eight trained male cyclists (VO 2 peak = 66.5ml kg -1 min -1 ) rode their own bicycles mounted on a windload simulator to imitate real riding conditions. At a self-selected maximal pace, the cyclists performed two 1h rides (separated by 7 days) and were fed either an 8% carbohydrate or placebo solution. The beverages were administered 25 min before (4.5ml kg -1 ) and at the end (4.5ml kg -1 ) of the ride. With carbohydrate feeding, plasma glucose tended (P = 0.21) to rise before the time trial. Compared with rest, the plasma glucose concentration decreased significantly (P < 0.05) at the end of both rides, with no statistically significant difference being observed between treatments. Thereafter, plasma glucose increased significantly (P < 0.05) at 15 and 30 min into recovery, and was significantly higher at 30 min during the carbohydrate trial compared with the placebo trial. No significant changes in plasma free fatty acids were observed during the ride. However, a significant increase (P < 0.05) in free fatty acids was found at 15 and 30 min into recovery, with no difference between trials. Mean power output was significantly (P < 0.05) greater during the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (mean - S.E.: 277-3 and 269-3W, respectively). The greater distance covered in the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (41.5-1.06 and 41.0–1.06km, respectively; P < 0.05) was equivalent to a 44s improvement. We conclude that pre-exercise carbohydrate ingestion significantly increases endurance performance in trained cyclists during a 1h simulated time trial. Although the mechanism for this enhancement in performance with carbohydrate ingestion cannot be surmised from the present results, it could be related to a higher rate of carbohydrate oxidation, or to favourable effects of carbohydrate ingestion on the central component of fatigue.     

Science and medicine of rowing: A review

The biology and medicine of rowing are briefly reviewed. Effort in a 2000 -m race is about 70% aerobic. Because the boat (and in some instances a cox) must be propelled, successful competitors are very tall, with a large lean mass and aerobic power. Large hearts may lead to erroneous diagnoses of a cardiomyopathy. Large respiratory minute volumes must be developed by chest muscles that are also involved in rowing. The vital capacity is typically large, and breathing becomes entrained. Expiration cannot be slowed relative to inspiration (as normally occurs at high rates of ventilation) and the limiting flow velocity may be reached, with the potential for airway collapse. Performance is strongly related to the power output at the ‘anaerobic threshold’, and lactate measures provide a guide to an appropriate intensity of endurance training. Peak blood lactate levels are higher in males (commonly 11–19 mmol·l -1 and occasionally as high as 25 mmol·l -1) than in females (9–11 mmol·l -1), probably because males have a greater muscle mass in relation to blood volume. The skeletal muscles are predominantly slow twitch in type, developing an unusual force and power at low contraction velocities. Many rowers have a suboptimal diet, eating excessive amounts of fat. Lightweight rowers also have problems of weight cycling. Aerobic power and muscle endurance often change by 10% over the season, but such fluctuations can be largely avoided by a well-designed winter training programme. Injuries include back and knee problems, tenosynovitis of the wrist and, since the introduction of large blades, fractures of the costae.     

我国体育市场管理法规研究

采用调查法和比较法对全国体育市场立法和管理现状进行调查,对部分较早出台并有一定代表性的省市的体育市场管理法规的立法和管理情况进行了研究,提出了体育市场管理立法和管理的原则、基本程序、措施及其一般模式,为规范全国体育市场管理提供参考依据。     

重新认识体育的社会关联

体育与政治之间存在一个悖论，体育的发展与经济实力之间没有直线相关，体育与教育部分重叠，体育与宗教最为近缘，体育可借用科学手段，体育的艺术禀性日益明显，体育与养生反映着两种人生观。     

上海社区体育竞赛参与者的特点探析

本文在专家访谈、问卷调查、数理统计和文献资料分析的基础上,探析了上海社区体育竞赛参与者的特点、参与者对社区体育赛事运作管理的看法等问题。在此基础上从引进社区体育赛事的志愿者、整合社区体育赛事的各种资源、开发社区体育竞赛的无形资产、组建非营利性的专业团队、规范社区体育赛事的服务管理等方面提出了进一步满足上海社区居民日益增长的体育竞赛参赛需求的对策与措施。     

对全面把握游泳训练环节的探讨

从系统观点出发,结合训练实践,对全面把握游泳训练环节进行探讨。认为应强化非智力因素在运动员多年训练中的作用,在育材全过程中不断选材,从整体上把握动态训练的全过程,把培养高水平运动员的整个过程置于一个严格的科学控制之下。     

我国优秀游泳运动员出发技术辅助训练的研究

为改进我国优秀游泳运动员的出发技术,采用观测和实验方法,通过拍摄运动员陆上和水下出发技术录像以及出发计时,对出发技术进行运动生物力学诊断和分析。在此基础上,根据运动员自身特点和不同泳姿提出相应的入水启动方式,并研制出发训练辅助器材,对出发预备姿势、腾起角度以及飞行远度和入水角进行控制。实践证明:这是一种快捷、有效的出发技术辅助训练方法。     

运动性呼吸肌疲劳与耐力性项目的运动能力

影响和限制耐力性运动项目的成绩的生理因素是复杂的和多方面的,取决于训练的强度和运动成绩.大强度持续性运动可导致呼吸肌疲劳.运动性呼吸疲劳可能在决定运动耐量方面起到关键的作用：一方面通过直接影响运动肌力量的生成（外周疲劳）,另一方面,通过肢体用力自感不安反馈引起工作肌运动单位输出功率下降（中枢疲劳）.对呼吸肌进行训练,可能有助于提高耐力性项目的运动成绩.     

青少年业余足球运动员运动倾向性5因素结构模型初探

根据Scanlan等人最新提出的运动倾向性理论模型,结合我国实际情况建立了青少年足球运动员运动倾向性5因素结构模型。运动倾向性被定义为:渴望和决心继续参加足球运动的心理状态。所建立的5因素结构模型认为,运动倾向性是由运动乐趣、参与选择、个人投入、社会约束及参与机会5个因素决定。经确定5个决定因素和运动倾向性的操作定义,编制了相应调查问卷,通过对北京市252名青少年足球运动员实测结果,建立运动倾向性及其影响因素的协方差结构模型,用Lisre 18分析的结果表明:该运动倾向性模型比较符合北京青少年足球运动员。其中运动乐趣、个人投入、参与机会和参与选择4因素对运动倾向性有影响;社会约束对运动倾向性影响不大。     

Effect of 6 weeks of endurance training on the lactate minimum speed

The aim of this study was to assess the sensitivity of the lactate minimum speed test to changes in endurance fitness resulting from a 6 week training intervention. Sixteen participants (mean +/- s :age 23 +/- 4 years;body mass 69.7 +/- 9.1 kg) completed 6 weeks of endurance training. Another eight participants (age 23 +/- 4 years; body mass 72.7 +/-12.5 kg) acted as non-training controls. Before and after the training intervention, all participants completed: (1) a standard multi-stage treadmill test for the assessment of VO 2max , running speed at the lactate threshold and running speed at a reference blood lactate concentration of 3 mmol.l -1 ; and (2) the lactate minimum speed test, which involved two supramaximal exercise bouts and an 8 min walking recovery period to increase blood lactate concentration before the completion of an incremental treadmill test. Additionally, a subgroup of eight participants from the training intervention completed a series of constant-speed runs for determination of running speed at the maximal lactate steady state. The test protocols were identical before and after the 6 week intervention. The control group showed no significant changes in VO 2max , running speed at the lactate threshold, running speed at a blood lactate concentration of 3 mmol.l -1 or the lactate minimum speed.In the training group, there was a significant increase in VO 2max (from 47.9 +/- 8.4 to 52.2 +/- 2.7 ml.kg -1 .min -1 ), running speed at the maximal lactate steady state (from 13.3 +/- 1.7 to 13.9 +/- 1.6 km.h -1 ), running speed at the lactate threshold (from 11.2 +/- 1.8 to 11.9 +/- 1.8 km.h -1 ) and running speed at a blood lactate concentration of 3 mmol.l -1 (from 12.5 +/- 2.2 to 13.2 +/- 2.1 km.h -1 ) (all P ? 0.05). Despite these clear improvements in aerobic fitness, there was no significant difference in lactate minimum speed after the training intervention (from 11.0 +/- 0.7 to 10.9 +/- 1.7 km.h -1 ). The results demonstrate that the lactate minimum speed,when assessed using the same exercise protocol before and after 6 weeks of aerobic exercise training, is not sensitive to changes in endurance capacity.