危险的合作威廉皇帝学会人类学研究所人类遗传学与政治之间的联系(1927-1945)

纳粹德国时期，威廉皇帝学会的人类学、人类遗传和优生学研究所的科学家们，尤其是两任所长，利用生物医学可能为纳粹政权的种族政策服务这一优势，与纳粹政权相互利用，形成了一种危险的共生合作关系，开展了一些臭名昭著的研究。这里面涉及到的科学与政治之间的复杂关系很值得现代的科学家和立法者们深思。     

Gender, politics, and radioactivity research in interwar Vienna: the case of the Institute for Radium Research

This essay explores the significance of political and ideological context as well as experimental culture for the participation of women in radioactivity research. It argues that the politics of Red Vienna and the culture of radioactivity research specific to the Viennese setting encouraged exceptional gender politics within the Institute for Radium Research in the interwar years. The essay further attempts to provide an alternative approach to narratives that concentrate on personal dispositions and stereotypical images of women in science to explain the disproportionately large number of women in radioactivity research. Instead, the emphasis here is on the institutional context in which women involved themselves in radioactivity in interwar Vienna. This approach places greater importance on contingencies of time and place and highlights the significance of the cultural and political context in a historical study while at the same time shedding light on the interrelation between scientific practices and gender.     

The Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics inaugurated at CAS

The newly established Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics China at CAS (KITPC-CAS) celebrated its formal opening with an inaugural symposium entitled Frontiers of Sciences on 26 May at the Great Hall of     

International Cooperation at the Institute of Botany

The CAS Institute of Botany(IBCAS) has a history morethan 70 years. During thecurrent drive of Chinas economicand scientific reforms, the IBCAS,in the context of the world S&T de-velopment trend and in line with itsown superiorities, is active in carry-ing out international cooperation andexchanges.I. Plant Systematics andEvolutionSince its founding in 1987, theKey Laboratory of Systematic andEvolutionary Botany, IBCAS, haswatched closely the development ofthese two research fields…     

The illegal body: `Eurodac' and the politics of biometric identification

Biometrics is often described as `the next big thingin information technology'. Rather than IT renderingthe body irrelevant to identity – a mistaken idea tobegin with – the coupling of biometrics with ITunequivocally puts the body center stage. The questions to be raised about biometrics is howbodies will become related to identity, and what thenormative and political ramifications of this couplingwill be. Unlike the body rendered knowable in thebiomedical sciences, biometrics generates a readable body: it transforms the body's surfaces andcharacteristics into digital codes and ciphers to be`read' by a machine. ``Your iris is read, in the sameway that your voice can be printed, and yourfingerprint can be read', by computers that, in turn,have become ``touch-sensitive', and endowed with seeingand hearing capacities. Thus transformed into readable``text', the meaning and significance of the biometricbody will be contingent upon ``context', and therelations established with other ``texts'. Thesemetaphors open up ways to investigate the differentmeanings that will become attached to the biometricbody and the ways in which it will be tied toidentity. This paper reports on an analysis of plans andpractices surrounding the `Eurodac' project, aEuropean Union initiative to use biometrics (specif.fingerprinting) in controlling illegal immigration andborder crossings by asylum seekers.     

The Max Planck Guest Laboratory at the Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology

It has become a unique link between Europe and China in the field of modern biology and has fulfilled its purpose not only in science education, but also with respect to establishing reliable contacts between Europe and China.     

Institute of Policy and Management: Aiming at the Ranks of World-class Think Tanks

Established on June 26, 1986 by the consolidation of four former CAS subordinates (namely,the Office of Policy Research, Division of Management Science, Editorial Department of the Journal of Dialectics of Nature, and Section of Optimization and Overall Planning under the CAS Institute of Applied Mathematics), the Institute of Policy and Management (IPM), CAS, is characterized by interdisciplinary studies of social and natural sciences. It applies itself to theoretical, methodological and applied research into national strategies, policies and management for S&T development. It also provides consultancy services for government departments, local authorities and CAS on issues concerning S&T development, social and economic growth, S&T management and administration of enterprises.     

University-industry engagement: The formation of the Knowledge Integration Community (KIC) model at the Cambridge-MIT Institute

Many countries are seeking to strengthen global economic competitiveness by building a ‘knowledge economy’ capability. A popular approach is supporting university-industry knowledge exchange linkages. The purpose of this paper is to show how a model developed by the Cambridge-MIT Institute (CMI) for the UK offers a more effective approach to knowledge sharing, and to present the results from one of the first projects launched by CMI. CMI looked at the background literature and relevant government policy, benchmarked peer grant-making organisations, studied the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Cambridge University institutions, and organized expert consultation through a strategic planning process including 27 stakeholder groups. Based on these inputs, CMI formulated its Knowledge Integration Community (KIC) model hypothesis. This paper describes the functional components, support mechanisms, organisational structure, review processes and mechanisms for knowledge exchange. Beginning in 2003, CMI built seven experimental KICs: five completely new, and two built up from existing, more traditional research projects. One of these is the Silent Aircraft KIC, which is presented as a case study. The paper makes an early analysis of the outcomes and additionalities of the KIC, and presents the lessons and future implications for the KIC. The paper concludes by describing the broader relevance of this approach for other institutions and countries, and suggests it is something other university-, government- and industry-based research institutions could embark upon.     

科学与政治的结合:必然性与复杂性

科学与政治的关系是一个值得研究的重要问题。本文从近代以来科学的运行方式及其日趋重要的社会功能 ,以及“政治”的固有职责 ,分析了科学与政治结合的必然性 ;探讨了科学与政治结合的内在复杂性。本文认为 ,寻找科学与政治结合的正确方式 ,不但是促进科学进步的过程 ,而且也是促进社会民主化的过程。     

Genetic testing and its implications: human genetics researchers grapple with ethical issues

To better understand ethical issues involved in the field of human genetics and promote debate within the scientific community, the author surveyed scientists who engage in human genetics research about the pros, cons, and ethical implications of genetic testing. This study contributes systematic data on attitudes of scientific experts. The survey finds respondents are highly supportive of voluntary testing and the right to know one's genetic heritage. The majority consider in utero testing and consequent pregnancy termination acceptable for cases involving likelihood of serious disease but disapprove for genetic reasons they consider arbitrary, leaving a gray area of distinguishing between treatment of disorders and enhancement still to be resolved. While safeguarding patient confidentiality versus protecting at-risk third parties (kin, reproductive partners) presents a dilemma, preserving privacy from misuse by institutional third parties (employers, insurers) garners strong consensus for legislation against discrimination. Finally, a call is made for greater genetic literacy.     

Blood,politics, and social science. Richard Titmuss and the Institute of Economic Affairs, 1957-1973

Long before his last book, The Gift Relationship: From Human Blood to Social Policy, was published in early 1971, Richard M. Titmuss (1907-1973), a professor of social administration at the London School of Economics, had been a major figure in the debates over the welfare state. The Gift Relationship was the culmination of an eventful relationship with the Institute of Economic Affairs, a think tank that advocated the extension of rational pricing to social services. By arguing that the British system of blood procurement and distribution, based on free giving within the National Health Service, was more efficient than the partly commercialized American system, Titmuss intended to signal the dangers of the increasing commercialization of society. What made for the impact of his book, however, was not merely its argument that transfusion-transmitted infections were much more common with paid than with voluntary donors, but also its reflections on what it is that holds a society together. And here Titmuss argued that a "socialist" social policy, by encouraging the sense of community, played a central role. The eclecticism of Titmuss's work, together with its strong ethical and political flavor, makes it a rich and original account of the "social" at a time when heated debated over social policy, both in Britain and in the United States, raised the question of the division of labor among the social sciences.     

阁楼上的研究所

威廉皇帝物理研究所(Kaiser Wilhelm Institut für Physik)正式成立于1917年10月,爱因斯坦是它的首任所长。研究所并没有一栋宏伟宽敞的建筑,其办公地点就设在这位著名所长的私人住房里。正如柏林的马普科学史研究所所长雷恩     

共识、共生与共赢:价值共创的过程模型

本文运用探索性案例研究方法,选取1家研发服务机构与3家中小制造企业之间合作案例为研究对象,研究发现:研发服务与中小企业价值共创过程模型分为"观念共识-价值共生-价值共赢"三个阶段;研发服务通过互动诊断与考察交流的"言传+身教"的"传道"方式,帮助企业"觉察"与"觉醒"以达成观念共识;研发服务通过"授之以鱼"与"授之以渔"的"教授+教练"的"授业"方式,帮助企业"学习新知"与"学以致用"以促成价值共生;研发服务通过"答疑+答辩"的"解惑"方式,帮助企业执行方案与达成目标以实现价值共赢。