官师一体 政教台一——西周民众教育刍议

进入文明时代不久的西周社会，很重视民众教育。除了学校教育外，周王朝的各种官员都负有一定的教育职能，大司徒更是实施民众教育的直接承担者。其措施是官师一体、政教合一。教育的内容主要包括提高人民农业生产的技艺，要人民懂得开发利用自然资源，并对全体民众进行道德和法制教育。     

Federalization of education in Chihuahua

This article examines the politics behind the initial centralization of primary education in Chihuahua, Mexico during the 1920s and 1930s. The article argues that the centralization of primary education was one of many tools used by the federal government to consolidate its power in the wake of the Mexican Revolution (1910–1917) and create a corporatist state. Even before the Revolution, federal officials were concerned that neither states nor municipalities were capable of providing primary education (especially in rural areas) adequate to Mexico’s needs. Even though the 1917 Constitution gave control over primary education to the municipal government, Education Ministry (SEP) officials began taking major steps in centralizing primary education under the auspices of the federal government during the administration of Alvaro Obregón (1920–1924) by subsidizing state‐run primary schools and refusing to deal with municipal governments. Under Plutarco Elías Calles (1924–1928) the SEP undermined state‐run education by annulling all existing contracts with state governments and creating a parallel federal primary schools system. The federal government also tried to gain control over federal teachers by centralizing control over grassroots unions. The SEP’s drive to centralize control over schooling reached its climax during this period with the federalization of all primary schools in Chihuahua and Queretaro in 1935.     

浅论汉代地方官办教育的发展

汉代地方教育的发展经历了前后两个阶段，西汉时期是地方教育的形成阶段，以汉平帝元始三年立学官为标志，说明地方官办教育正式确立；东汉时期，地方官办教育在地方官的重视下无论在边域抑或在内地都发展起来。郡文学及其属员承担着地方教育的重任。     

Neoliberal Education Reform in The Netherlands

Until recently the Dutch education system was determined by the historic compromise of 1917, after which private schools were supported by the state on an equal financial footing to state schools. The consequence of this compromise was a mainly privatised and centralised system with a corporatist policy structure. In the mid-1980s The Netherlands, like other countries, came under the spell of the 'neoliberal revolution'. This article explores the extent to which the management reform carried out under a neoliberal flag has brought about radical changes to the Dutch education system. It especially looks at four key issues set out in that reform: increased autonomy, freedom of choice, privatization and quality control.     

我国高等教育法治化的现状与对策

高等教育因其具有前瞻性和基础性,成为影响社会发展的强大力量,高等教育法治化因此也成为法治国家的重要内容。目前,在我国高等教育法治建设中存在着行政化倾向浓厚、法治观念缺位、法律体系不完备等诸多问题,在一定程度上制约了高等教育的发展,这些问题必须得到正视。中国高等教育应该在立法规划、立法体系和法律的实施等方面进一步加强,并在不断研究和探索的过程中逐步完善。     

论公民教育

培养公民是一切教育目标表述的基础 ,也是国家对教育的基本要求。公民教育已成为当代西方政治哲学、教育理论关注的热点问题 ,其具有代表性的理论主要有自由主义公民教育、社群主义公民教育和多元文化主义公民教育。社会主义政治文明建设不仅是社会主义民主制度的设计和完善问题 ,更重要的是培养一代认同、积极参与并具有实践能力的公民。因此公民教育的目标一定要明确地包含在基础教育的目标中 ,公民教育的内容也一定要渗透在相关的课程之中 ,并通过公民教育目标整合基础教育中的道德教育、思想政治教育和社会教育以及相关的教育活动。     

加速学校体育教学改革全面推进素质教育

良好的体育素质对学生适应未来快速多变的社会具有积极作用.内容与形式丰富多彩的体育在素质教育中有着不可低估的作用,可以促进学生养成良好道德、发展其自主性、开发其智力.因此,我们应围绕素质教育全面推进体育教学改革,使体育教学与素质教育相辅相成.     

关于我国工程教育培养目标的思考

工程教育历来是我国最受重视的高等教育组成之一，工程教育的改革与发展也是工程界和教育界人士十分关注的问题。“工程教育”究竟是培养科学家，还是培养工程师?这既涉及工程教育的定位，又涉及到工程教育的改革和发展问题。本文从工程教育与社会经济发展的关系，分析了我国工程教育培养目标的变化与发展。     

唐代加强法律教育的措施及其影响

唐代采取了一系列强化法律教育的措施:一是把法律教育纳入官府高等教育体系之中;二是将法律教育与科举考试结合;三是将法律与官吏选拔、任用挂钩。这些措施对唐代社会的发展起了重要推动作用,但也导致了士大夫上层对律学的轻视,使法律教育的功利性进一步凸现。     

区域经济发展与网络教育多元化

利用网络教育的自身特点和优势，将网络教育的发展与区域经济的发展有机结合，从教育模式、教育目标等方面实施网络教育的多元化拓展，是网络教育进一步提升质量和促进区域经济健康、快速发展的重要途径。     

涪州学校教育与人才培养

涪州学校教育是指自唐朝设置涪州到1913年撤销涪州止约1300年的涪州教育。涪州学校教育经历了兴起、发展和鼎盛三个时期。古代涪州学校教育取得辉煌成效的原因有五：一是封建统治的高度重视；二是地方官吏的大力倡导；三是教育名家的讲学与办学；四是商贸经济的繁荣；五是人骚客的影响。     

大学生廉洁教育与清官文化资源开发利用探究

对大学生进行廉洁教育紧迫且具有重要现实意义,以大学生廉洁教育为观察视域,清官文化资源教育价值凸显,开发利用清官文化资源对大学生进行廉洁教育是解决当前大学生廉洁教育缺失的新视角。     

中国古代科技专门教育研究

中国古代科技专门教育开展时间之早、规模之大,在世界范围内首屈一指.科技专门教育以算学、医学、天文、历法为主体,隋唐、宋元时期有了较大发展,明清时期趋于衰落.它的设立和发展,一方面标志着科技教育有了合法地位,专业化程度提高,科技队伍愈益壮大,促进了应用学科的发展,适应了社会的需求;另一方面由于官办性质,极易受到政治因素的干扰,并强化了科技的实用性质,把专业人员推入"吏"的阶层.它的管理制度、教学方法、教学内容对科技发展也有消极的影响.     

比较教育视野下的国别教育研究

国别教育是比较教育研究最基本的单位,一直以来备受各国教育学者的重视。研究国别教育,对于了解他国的教育发展情况及构建比较教育学科,具有十分重要的意义。本文主要是从国别教育的概念入手,阐述其历史发展阶段、研究成果及其发展趋势。     

汉代社会教育

汉代是中国封建社会一个重要繁盛时期,也是中华民族共同心理、民族个性特点形成初步定型时期。这与汉代推行以儒家思想为核心的社会教育政策有着密切的关系。汉武帝时建立了我国最早的大学——太学,完成了从乡村到京都门类齐全、形式多样的学校教育体系。同时加强官吏的职官教育、军队教育、边疆地区教育以及全社会教化,完成了全社会全民族的思想统一,形成了统一稳定的民族心理,促进了社会稳定,推动了民族化进程。     

Role of Social Representations in Student Motivation for Acquiring Further Education

In the context of active development of further education services many universities become interested in engaging students into further education programs. From this perspective, it is extremely important to determine relevant social factors majorly impacting the students’ representation about further education and its role in building and shaping up the motivation to continue education. This study focuses on the analysis of social representation in the processes of motivation of students to acquire further vocational education in course of university studies. This study is based on the results of survey among 452 Russian students. In this work attitude of Russian students to further education was investigated by means of six scales: (1) information awareness of further education programs; (2) social representation about further education (in general, regarding the contents, conditions, cost); (3) representation about required program characteristics and expectations; (4) wish to receive further education in present and in future, as well as bars thereto. In students’ perception four main representations about further education were found. Study results prove that social representations have little effect on students’ intention to receive further vocational education in course of university studies, but the effect is significant in a long-term perspective.     

"技术职官":中国古代职业教育师资制度

中国古代"技术职官"是手工业时代职业技术教育的重要师资.其中,畴官、农官、工官、商官等皆在相应领域发挥教育与管理的双重职能.在"官师一体"总体特征之下,古代技术职官制度凸显出"资源优势"与"效率压抑"、"技术精神"与"产业异化"、"教育传承"与"教育异化"、"民本思想"与"官本属性"并存的多重效应.尽管时代发生巨变,但剖析古代技术职官制度对于职业教育本质理解以及构建现代职业教育体系有所裨益.     

文山地区清代儒学教育发展述要

文山地区清代儒学教育得到了较大的发展,主要表现在府学、书院、义学的创设,并形成了一个涵盖初级教育和中级教育的教育体系;通过政府经办和个人的捐助,解决了办学经费,维持了学校的正常运转;培养了一批本地士人群体,以此为载体,传播了内地较为先进的文化。促使文山清代儒学教育得到发展的原因,大致有:一是清政府重视教育、特别是重视边疆民族地区教育的大环境;二是地方官员的重视和积极举办。他们一方面从观念上大力宣传和倡导,同时积极解决办学的经费来源;三是移民的增加、经济的发展对教育的促进。     

试论体制资源在高职教育发展中的作用

体制资源是政府部门及其官员掌握和支配的各类资源。各级各类部门的政策有助于高职教育的长足发展,监督保障机制有利于高职教育的健康发展,师资培养体系有利于高职院校的高水平发展。高职院校利用体制资源推动高职教育的发展,为政府和社会主动提供服务。     

Adult Education and State Policy in Latin America: The contrasting cases of Mexico and Nicaragua

This article examines adult education policy in two settings. The cases of Mexico and Nicaragua illustrate how the goals, content, methods, and outcomes of adult education differ according to state policy. Mexico (1970-1990) represents a "corporatist" state that undertook an incrementalist approach to literacy provision for purposes of political legitimation and social integration, while Nicaragua (1979-1990) represents a "revolutionary state" that pursued a structuralist approach to achieve fundamental changes in education and society. Despite their contrasting orientations, these two countries share many characteristics typical of dependent capitalist states in Latin America.