MICROTEACHING AT A DISTANCE UNIVERSITY

The article deals with microteaching as part of a teacher training programme at a distance university which relies mainly on the written word. The problems of working with students at a distance university are discussed, relating theory to practice in teacher training. Possible solutions to problems of communication, facilities and topic choice are discussed.     

时间估计方法学的困境

20世纪初期,时间心理学逐渐兴起,时间估计研究得到心理学家的重视。然而,随着研究的深入,时间估计走入了方法学的困境。其具体表现包括：(1)时距长度的选取困难;(2)估计方法的缺陷;(3)估计范式的局限性;(4)反应延迟带来的问题;(5)估计任务结构和内容的选择。     

两个距离公式

本文利用正投影的概念将点到直线与点到平面的距离公式统一起来并作推了广。我们证明了:Ⅰ 设O≠δ=(a_1,a_2,…,a_n)∈R~n,则R~n中的点(y_1,y_2,…,y_n)到R~n的子空间W={x_1,x_2,…,x_n)∈R~n|sum from i=1 n(a_ix_i=0}的距离为|sum from i=1 n(a_iy_i)/(sum from i=1 na_i~2)~(1/2);Ⅱ 设O≠δ=(a_1,a_2,…,a_n,…)∈l~2,则l~2中的点(y_1,y_2,…,y_n,…)到l_2的子空间W={(x_1,x_2,…,x_n,…)∈l~2|sum from n=1 ∝(a_nx_n)}的距离为|sum from n=1 ∝(a_ny_n)|/(sum from n=1 ∝a_n~2)~(1/2)。     

WOMEN IN DISTANCE STUDY ‐ WOMEN STUDENTS AT THE FERNUNIVERSITAT IN HAGEN (FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY)

The authors take up the hypothesis that distance education was also meant to facilitate the access of women to higher education. Recent studies carried out at the University for Distance Education at Hagen show that results do not always match expectations. By analysing in detail the causes for this partial failure, the authors come forward with some remedial proposals.

The authors are all members of the staff of Hagen University.     

ETHICAL DILEMMAS IN TEACHING ETHICAL ISSUES IN AGING

Discussed are dilemmas faced by instructors who teach a course on ethics and aging. Decisions need to be made as to whether the course should utilize scientific objectivity or advocacy, relative or absolute standards, a theoretical/ intellectual or applied/personal orientation, and an age‐specific or age‐irrelevant view. Recommendations are provided for educational gerontologists who teach such a course.     

A DUTY FOR DISTANCE EDUCATION IN THE 1990'S

The political changes which have occurred in eastern Europe and the shift of the countries concerned from command to free market economies have created a need for new forms of continuing education for retraining in such areas as management, economics, and political science. Given current technical possibilities, such education and retraining could be offered through modern distance education techniques by means of an international aid consortium analogous in some ways to United Nations peace keeping forces, so that one western institution or nation would not predominate. As human resource development is the first step to other kinds of progress, and distance education in other areas of the world has proven its worth in the field, a well planned project for eastern Europe would attract support from western aid donors, particularly international groupings such as the European Communities. Thus would distance education contribute to the creation of the common European home.     

BEYOND ORION: A EUROPEAN DISTANCE MASTER'S DEGREE IN COMMUNITY LEADERSHIP

Because of the crisis in the western European welfare state, government by itself can no longer provide the full range of social services that populations have come to take for granted. The shortfall must be complemented by an increasing variety of voluntary organizations. In order to be effective, however, such organizations as well as the more traditional service‐providing government organizations must have good leadership. As good leaders are as much trained to be good leaders as born, an efficient means must be developed for training leaders. Given the rapidity of social change, training must be provided on a permanent basis. The authors therefore propose the setting up of a European Master's Degree programme in leadership training. It would be modelled upon a distance Master's Degree programme in Educational Administration (Northern Interior Master's Programme ‐NIMB) that the University of Victoria in Canada offered in a large area of northwest Canada. Much of the course work for such a programme would be provided by distance means using new communication technologies. Universities in seven countries: England, Belgium, Italy, Spain, the Netherlands, Norway, and Finland, that formed a consortium, would administer and offer this programme in which employed administrators could enroll.     

试论电视信号的远距接收

本文从理论上论述了提高电视机在远距离接收信号的能力和在实践中改善图象质量的具体方法。     

流媒体技术在远程教育中的运用

流媒体技术是为解决远程教育中多媒体信息传输问题而产生、发展起来的一种网络新技术。本文简要介绍了现代远程教育存在的问题及产生原因、流媒体概述、流媒体与远程教育的完美结合,并介绍了流媒体发展中遇到的问题及解决办法     

ETHICAL DILEMMAS ENCOUNTERED IN THE CARE OF THOSE WHO ARE DISABLED AND ALSO OLD

The aging of the population and the widespread prevalence of significant mental and physical disabilities increase the numbers of persons who are vulnerable. This creates ethical dilemmas in providing care, competing alternatives each determined by ethical principles. Such dilemmas are encountered in the Kennedy Aging Project, which teaches health professionals about the problems and care of those who are both mentally retarded and old. Two dilemmas, competency to refuse treatment and recompense for prior mistreatment, are discussed in detail as illustrative.     

INTERNATIONAL CO‐OPERATION IN DISTANCE HIGHER EDUCATION

There is a predominant opinion that distance education, especially that one on higher education level, has to rely on application of educational technology. On the other hand prospective developments in educational and communications technology may bring the distinction between distance and “non‐distance” education into question. But, there is no doubt that the further development of this form of higher education demands broader co‐operation than at present, especially at international level. In this context, the following article, which was written for “Higher Education in Europe” by Dr. Sam B. Crooks, from the Open University, analyses different aspects of international cooperation in distance education with special reference to the work and outcome of the International Conference on Education of Adults at a Distance. The conference, hosted by the Open University in celebration of its tenth anniversary, was held in Birmingham, England from 18 to 23 November 1979. It was attended by over 200 participants from 51 countries.     

A SINGLE-CAVITY MULTIPLE-DEVICE HARMONIC OSCILLATOR AT W-BAND

The equivalent circuit of single-cavity multiple-device fundamentaloscillator(SCMDFO)and that of single-device harmonic oscillator(SDHO)proposed byK.Kurokawa and K.Solbach,respectively,are extended and applied to a single-cavitymultiple-device harmonic oscillator(SCMDHO).By means of describing the functions ofnonlinearity of Gunn diodes,the performances of the SCMDHO are analyzed.It is foundthat the voltage amplitudes are similar to those of SDHO,and the ratio of maximum pow-er of harmonic to that of fundamental is identical to that in SDHO when the devices havesame parameters.The harmonic injection locking behavior is also investigated.The injec-tion locking range is greater than that of SDHO if locking gain remains constant.A2-Gunn diode harmonic oscillator was designed.It delivers 30mW output power at103GHz.The mechanical tuning range is 4.15GHz when the output power remains morethan 10mW.The desired operation mode is stable.     

Minimax线性估计中的Cook距离与相关系数

本文讨论Minimax线性估计中的影响度量—Cook距离与相关性之间的关系。建立了Cook距离与相关系数之间的等式关系,Cook距离与复相关系之间的不等式关系。     

大学图书馆的远程开放学习支持服务

本文阐述了在远程开放教育学习支持服务体系中,大学图书馆要强化远程学习支持服务特色和多媒体文献资源的展示工作,提高远程学习支持服务水平,确保远程学习服务质量;整合、开发利用各种媒体资源,做好远程学习支持服务工作;并且还提出了大学图书馆远程学习支持服务的具体措施。     

几类积图的平均距离计算公式

本文给出了由路和圈以及完全图构成的积图的平均距离的计算公式或计算方法,推广了现有的一些计算结果。