面向教师设计思维发展的策略研究

教育部相关文件提到教师要能够将新技术与教育教学深度融合,变革传统教学模式,提高教学创新能力,所以培养教师面向复杂教学环境并且变革的教学设计能力显得尤为关键。通过梳理设计思维的内涵与发展,厘清设计思维和教学设计之间的关系,明确发展教师设计思维能力的必要性,借鉴已有发展教师设计思维模式,从线下集中培训和线上长期教研活动两个方面,设计面向教师设计思维的策略框架,并为后续继续开展设计思维融入中小学教师培训提供了参考。     

外国文学中的动态学习空间

动态学习是在动态环境下,学生以动态的思维方式去发现、组合、交流、创造动态信息,从而理解知识发现规律,构建自身动态知识体系,形成动态思维结构的学习方式。这种学习方式可完全体现学生学习的主动性、动力支配性和策略性等认知特征和情感特征,所以对拓展、培养学生们的学习思维、潜在技能、独立能动性、综合协调性都有巨大的帮助。本文将从学生的表现力来探讨：外国文学为学生们创造的动态学习空间。     

大力倡导与推行“中国特色信息化教学创新理论”

"中国特色信息化教学创新理论"涉及创造性思维理论、新型建构主义理论、深层次整合理论、新型学教并重教学设计理论、儿童思维发展新论、语觉论六个方面的核心理论。前四项用于中小学所有学科教学质量大幅提升与学生综合素质(包括政治、思想、品德、情感、态度、价值观)良好发展的理论支持。后两项专门用于应对几十年来一直困扰我国基础教育的...     

基于设计思维的技术教育STEM整合课程研究--以“设计更好的学校”课程为例

设计是技术教育中不可忽略的关键要素之一,设计思维可为各个领域的创新工作提供策略与方法上的指导。基于此,文章首先分析了技术教育中开展基于设计思维的STEM整合课程的机遇和必要性;接着,文章以“设计”为核心理念,提出了技术教育STEM整合课程的设计理念,并以此为指导,构建了基于设计思维的技术教育STEM整合课程框架;随后,文章以“设计更好的学校”课程为例,进行了框架的实践应用;最后,文章就未来技术教育的发展提出了建议。基于设计思维的STEM整合课程将技术与数学、科学、工程进行整合,让学生基于真实的设计挑战开展实践,有助于培养学生的批判性思维、问题解决能力和创新能力。     

Learning and Innovation Competence in Agricultural and Rural Development

Abstract

Purpose: The fields of competence development and capacity development remain isolated in the scholarship of learning and innovation despite the contemporary focus on innovation systems thinking in agricultural and rural development. This article aims to address whether and how crossing the conventional boundaries of these two fields provide new directions for developing learning and innovation competence in international development.

Design/methodology/approach: Using mixed methods research, this article assesses work environments for experiential learning and innovation, and investigates effective ways of enhancing core competence in agricultural research, education, extension and entrepreneurship.

Findings: Findings suggest that while the focus on input and output indicators are relevant for technological innovation competence development, outcome indicators, such as measures of changes in cognitive, affective and psychomotor domains of learning and innovation, would better serve the purpose of developing organisational and institutional learning and innovation competence.

Practical implications: This research concludes that crossing the conventional boundaries of competence development and capacity development serves as a way to renew the role of education within the innovation systems thinking. However, such an attempt to enhance human capabilities and functionings through education should integrate theory-based, competence-based and experiential learning components as a coherent whole.

Originality/value: This article demonstrates the value of crossing the conventional boundaries of the two seemingly unrelated fields—competence development through education and capacity development through extension—to provide new directions to operationalise innovation systems thinking in agricultural education and extension.     

设计思维：一种面向21世纪教育创新的实践框架

面向21世纪的教育需要创新,设计思维为教育中问题识别、分析和解决提供了一种实践框架,并逐渐在教育领域受到重视。本文在梳理设计思维内涵及特征的基础上,对设计思维框架进行了详细的阐述。同时,结合文献梳理、案例分析与实践观察,分别从学习空间、课堂教学及学校教育三类场景阐述了设计思维应用路径,并结合设计思维应用案例进行剖析,以期为推进我国教育创新提供借鉴。     

创新多层次协同的教育模式 培养个性化机械工程师

"个性化培养机械工程师的多层次协同教学模式研究"是针对本科生在知识水平、认知能力和思维方式上具有各自的局限性,对科研与创新活动的接受程度各有差异,分类分层地开展本科生教学、科研与创新活动,构建个性化的多层次协同教学模式,全面推进素质教育特别是创新能力、学习能力、实践能力的培养,提高高校机械创新型人才培养的质量。     

Metacognition as a Basis for Learning Support Software

In order to understand the task of instructional designers who produce learning support software, this paper reviews the influence of learning theory on instructional design, recent developments in computer technology, and the evolving role of the instructor as a facilitator of higher-order thinking. Constructivist principles of learning and an appreciation for the fact that the learner must become more independent and skilled in metacognitive self-assessment and self-management are fundamental to this changing role. Two cognitive tools that provide learner/user support for personal construction of knowledge systems are “MindMap” and “Learning FourMat Processor.” These tools are examined in the light of current learning theory and a recent study comparing the work of novice and expert writers using different forms of performance support. Recommendations are made for the development of a more complete set of cognitive tools that enables users to construct their own multimedia knowledge systems based on higher-order thinking and problem solving.     

基于图片优势效应的移情式教学设计

培养学生的创新能力,促进其理解、联想思维至关重要。图片具备的可感、形象生动的情境联想不失为帮助学生理解、联想和记忆的教学方法。基于对移情本质的理解及图片的优势效应,应用美国理查德·格里格和菲利普·津巴多的心理学理论,总结了图片的记忆与认知效应;站在学习者的角度,考虑使其在学的过程中获得美学、含义和情感的多重体验,构建了基于图片优势效应的移情式教学设计模型,为图片应用于移情式教学提供了可借鉴的参考途径。     

The Challenge of Beginning

This article presents a way of approaching introductory design education that expands student creativity through building on research related to the impact of cognitive development and metacognitive thinking. The strategy presented emphasises the importance of encouraging divergent thinking and understanding how students perceive knowledge. The goal is to create a learning environment that acknowledges where students are in their thinking and provides a structure that promotes both cognitive and creative growth.     

Student teachers’ knowledge integration across conceptual borders: the role of study approaches,learning strategies,beliefs, and motivation

There is widespread agreement that student teachers need to construct an integrated knowledge base across multiple domains. This study examined the contributions of intraindividual factors of self-regulated learning to explaining student teachers’ (a) integration of knowledge across topics and domains (i.e., integrative learning) and (b) disjointed processing of potentially domain-specific learning content (i.e., separative learning). The factors considered were study approaches; cognitive, metacognitive, and resource-related learning strategy use; epistemological and pedagogical beliefs; and career choice motivation. The study applied a cross-sectional survey design and examined separative and integrative learning in N = 103 student teachers by way of multiple regression analyses with backward eliminations. A key finding is that deep and strategic study approaches and certain cognitive learning strategies contributed significantly to explaining integrative learning in student teachers. Epistemological and pedagogical beliefs were not able to predict integrative learning. Regarding separative learning, the study identified the surface study approach, specific epistemological and pedagogical beliefs, and the “usefulness” motive for career choice as positive predictors and critical thinking as a negative predictor. The study demonstrates differences in how integrative and separative learning are shaped by distinct intraindividual factors. Implications are discussed with regard to student teachers’ self-regulated learning and pre-service teacher education.

     

设计型学习:探究性教学新样式——兼论尼尔森的逆向思维学习过程模型

针对探究性教学中"基于剧本的探究"的局限性,设计型学习提出以项目设计为中介,强调学生参与到具有挑战性的真实的设计项目中有意义地学习科学知识和设计技能。相对传统探究性学习,设计型学习在体验设计感、投入有意义学习、学习成果制品化、学习过程迭代化、教学设计逆向性等方面凸显其教学革新价值,逆向思维学习过程模型为设计型学习的实施提供了一个可操作框架。     

Towards powerful learning environments for the acquisition of problem-solving skills

It is generally agreed that acquiring thinking and problem-solving skills is nowadays a primary objective of general education. Responding appropriately to this challenge requires an answer to the following questions: 1. what does the acquisition of problem-solving skills involve, and 2. how can those abilities be fostered through systematic instruction? This contribution describes a four-step model of skilled problem-solving processes, and gives an overview of three major categories of cognitive skills involved in competent problem solving, namely, the flexible and integrated application of domain-specific knowledge, of heuristic methods, and of metacognitive skills. Furthermore, a framework is presented for the design and elaboration of powerful teaching-learning environments in which such problem-solving skills can be acquired efficiently. Two basic ideas underlying this model are: the view of learning as a constructive process, and the idea of cognitive apprenticeship as an effective and appropriate method for learning and teaching. Finally, some recent research findings supporting the educational significance of the framework are briefly reviewed.     

认知情境下英语教学模式的创新研究

随着英语教学的重要性逐渐凸显出来,加强英语教学的研究也逐渐增多。语言学习效率的提升离不开实际情境。在认知情境下进行英语教学模式的创新,是提高英语教学效率以及学生学习效率的关键。试对认知情境理论下英语教学的概念以及特征进行概述,并且提出在认知情境下进行英语教学模式创新的策略。     

有机化学实验教学中渗透创新教育的研究与实践

实施素质教育的核心是创新教育,创新教育的重点是培养学生创新精神和实践能力.该文从有机化学实验方案的设计、学会质疑培养创新意识、克服心理障碍培养创新心理素质、培养学生的创新人格、尝试运用有助于创新的思维模式分析和解决问题等方面介绍了作者在有机化学实验教学中渗透创新教育的研究与实践.     

Using peer and self-assessment to develop modelling skills with students aged 11 to 16: A socio-constructive view

Eight Welsh secondary schools participated in an action research project which developed approaches to teaching and assessing mathematical thinking skills involved in practical modelling situations. The development of the metacognitive and strategic skills necessary for successful modelling is discussed from a socio-constructivist perspective as a process of acculturation as well as cognitive construction. Learning to model involves socialization into the consensual realities of a wider mathematical culture and the teacher plays a pivotal role in the generation of this consensus through the legitimization of linguistically expressed subjectivities. Assessment is an integral part of this process. Participation in peer and self-assessment was found to involve the student in a recursive, self-referential learning process which supports the explicit development of metacognitive skills.     

走向深度学习:地方本科院校学生学习方式的变革

作为“互联网+”时代全新的教育理念和学习方式变革,深度学习成为地方本科院校学生学习质量的重要表征。深度学习是高阶思维的认知重构过程,是深度参与的交往互动过程,也是积极投入的主体成长过程。地方本科院校学生从浅层学习到深度学习的演进经历了接受学习、参与学习和创造学习三个阶段。从认知内容、学习动机和社会互动三个维度来看,地方本科院校学生深度学习的实现机制和发展价值是:从原理记忆到项目实践的认知内容高阶化,促进学生文化性发展;从被动接受到主动创新的学习动机内化,促进学生自主性发展;从主客体互动到实践共同体的社会交往深化,促进学生社会性发展。基于此,促进地方本科院校学生深度学习的实践策略为:重视价值观引导和生涯规划、重构充满“获得感”的课程体系、创建学习实践共同体、打造智慧学习生态。     

基于认知耦合态的翻转课堂人机交互设计

在无监督环境中,保持学生持续而有效的学习是翻转课堂的难点。翻转课堂无监督学习环境是人机情境。从人杌交互角度,学生沉浸在持续学习中,达到有效学习、深度学习状态,也称“人机认知耦合态”。认知耦合态是学生认知结构、个性、能力和教师设计的学习内容、情境、轨道匹配的状态,是学生和机器相互依赖,形成高效学习体。人机耦合态设计理念上需理解学生心理规律及过程,让计算机成为“教助理”引导学生学习;设计形式上需采集人机交互数据、观测学习过程、创意耦合情境、调制认知过程。翻转课堂中人机认知耦合设计重点是教学资源结构、认知思维过程、在线导学互动、学习成像形式、认知大数据处理技术、实证教学实施方法。基于人机认知耦合态的翻转课堂是教育数字化、实证化思想的实践,也是信息技术与教育深度融合的尝试。