澳门特区免费幼儿教育政策研究

澳门特区自2007～2008学年开始实施15年免费教育,即9年义务教育、3年高中教育和3年学前教育免费.研究者运用网络调查及访谈法,对澳门特区免费幼儿教育政策进行研究,结果发现:(1)免费幼儿教育政策只适用于6家公办幼儿园和42家加入免费教育学校系统的私立幼儿园.(2)7家未加入免费教育学校系统的私立幼儿园需缴学费、补充服务费和选择性服务费,但可获政府发放的学费津贴和书簿费.家长很满意这一政策,并表示愿意继续送孩子上收费的私立幼儿园.(3)受访园(校)长、家长及教师对澳门的免费幼儿教育政策都很满意,教师特别满意政府推出的幼儿园教师津贴.(4)免费幼儿教育政策对私立园所的影响有所不同:有些私立园所为了生存而选择加入免费教育学校系统,有些私立园所则为了校政自主而选择不加入免费教育学校系统.客观上,高收费门槛令不同阶层家庭的幼儿自然分流.     

澳大利亚幼儿环境教育政策探析

2019年以来,澳大利亚对于其有关幼儿教育的政策和法规进行了新一轮的大范围修改,环境教育作为澳大利亚教育体系的关键环节之一,在幼儿教育中也始终备受重视.在澳大利亚《幼儿学习框架》和《学龄保育框架》所给出的原则基础上,其幼儿环境教育坚持以儿童为核心,采用体验式学习、游戏式学习和探访式学习的多样实践策略,使儿童能够正确地认知环境、尊重环境、爱护环境.此外,澳大利亚通过严格的国家法规和《国家质量标准》,保障澳大利亚幼儿环境教育的发展质量,形成了完善的幼儿环境教育评价机制.     

A Nordic Perspective on Early Childhood Education and Care Policy

The national policies and historical roots of early childhood education (ECE) vary from society to society. In the Nordic countries, early childhood education and care (ECEC) policies have been built in the context of the welfare state. As such, they are closely connected to other welfare policy areas such as social policy, family policy and education policy, in addition to which a close relationship with labour policy is also evident. This article sheds light on the historical roots of Nordic ECEC policies by describing the commonalities and differences between the Nordic countries. The ‘Nordic model’ is commonly described as integrated. Education, teaching and caring form an integrated unit and the term early childhood education and care is therefore typically used when describing the ‘Nordic model’. It is also said to be based on a child-centred, holistic approach with an emphasis on participation, democracy, autonomy and freedom, while its track record of high quality ECE services is considered to be due in part to the use of a well-trained workforce. The Nordic countries are, however, developing and redefining their ECEC policies in the global economic and cultural context, in which governments have to choose their priorities. Pressure to standardize ECE services is also apparent, and signs of erosion of the key elements of the Nordic model have been seen in recent policy debates. This paper discusses the current direction of Nordic ECE policy making and the future of the Nordic model.     

Into the Fire: Using Therapeutic Enactments to Bridge Early Traumatic Memories of Childhood Sexual Abuse

While traditional forms of therapy focus heavily on a survivor's ability to tell his or her story, the very nature of traumatic memory can present a challenge since survivors of trauma often struggle to find the verbal language to describe the terrifying events that have occurred. In verbal therapies, survivors of childhood sexual abuse can be left in a state of re-experiencing the past as they face the overwhelming task of trying to find words for something that is often wordless. Researchers have identified the need to “bridge” the non-verbal and the verbal in trauma therapy. The purpose of this research is to examine the lived experience of using therapeutic enactment as a tool to address the fragmented and wordless memories of childhood sexual abuse. Using a case study research design, four women shared their stories of participating in a therapeutic enactment to address memories of their abuse. From these stories, four dominant themes emerged. These themes (re-connection to self and others, reclaiming voice, empowerment, and corrective re-experiencing) indicate an overall positive and reparative experience.     

美国幼儿教育商议委员会制度及其给我们的启示

通过对美国幼儿教育商议委员会制度的政治背景和运作特点的分析,试图寻找适合我国幼儿教育联席会议制度改革的有益经验.     

日本幼儿教育质量政策及其研究动向

自1990年代以来幼儿教育的质量越来越受多地受到国际社会瞩目,如何提升幼儿教育的质量以及开发符合本国经济、政治以及文化需要的幼儿教育质量评价体系已然成为各国幼儿教育优先发展的战略性课题。本文通过文献研究法,考察和回顾日本自1990年代以来围绕幼儿教育质量的问题在政策及研究方面做出的回应与举措。     

大学生儿童期遭受性侵害的回顾性调查研究

以697名大学生为被试,采用自编问卷,调查我国儿童期性侵害发生情况.结果发现(1)我国大学生中存在着儿童期遭受性侵害的问题;(2)儿童在6岁以后遭受性侵害的危险增大;(3)大多数受害者没有将受害经历告诉他人;(4)绝大多数侵害者为男性,多采取非暴力手段,年龄多为45岁以下,多是受害者熟悉的人.     

进化、发展与儿童早期教育

进化(种系发生)、发展(个体发生)与儿童早期教育之间的关系是儿童教育无法回避的基本理论问题.本文通过对标准社会科学模型的分析,在进化心理学,特别是进化发展心理学的理论基础上对进化、发展和儿童早期教育之间的关系作了初步讨论,指出应重新认识本能,重视生物学初级能力发展的重要性和自然选择在儿童早期的作用,同时提出儿童早期教育应加强对进化和生物因素的关注.     

北欧国家幼儿教育和保育政策话语的新变迁

通过对北欧五国幼儿教育和保育的最新政策话语进行文献调查和文本分析,发现北欧国家幼儿教育和保育政策话语的最新变化包括:幼儿教育和保育的定位从作为民主实践场转变为社会投资品、教育内容从重视保育和游戏到关注终身学习、教育评估更重视对质量的监管与评估.虽然北欧幼儿教育和保育政策所根植的历史传统仍旧强大,但教育全球化的冲击促使北欧的幼儿教育和保育在与强调"入学准备"的英美政策话语的冲突与妥协中走向融合.     

幼儿性心理与行为的发展及其教育方略

幼儿的性心理与行为教育往往被忽视。幼儿性别角色认同意识形成,手淫的出现,“性游戏活动”的产生都揭示了幼儿性心理的发展特征。我们要从转变教师观念、正确地开展幼儿性知识教育、培养幼儿自我保护意识入手促进幼儿性心理与行为的健康发展。     

我国学前教育政策的空间演进与限度

近年来,"空间"这一曾局限于地理学的概念,成为越来越多社会科学学术研究的"重地"。国内的社会学、历史学、文学乃至教育学领域都对于"空间"的研究产生了浓厚的兴趣。从空间维度反观我国的学前教育政策及其演进历程,其意义旨在为政策科学化提供一缕新的微光,为建构和完善我国学前教育政策体系探求新的方向,为政策实践指明新的可行之径。     

英国布莱尔政府学前教育改革政策及其主要特点

1997年～2007年英国首相布莱尔执政期间,英国先后出台了多项学前教育改革政策,应对其学前教育发展、教育改革乃至社会发展的困境与危机.其中最重要的学前教育改革政策有:"确保开端"、"每个孩子都重要"、"儿童保育十年战略"及"早期奠基阶段",它们极大地推动了英国学前教育的改革与发展.布莱尔政府学前教育改革政策具有四方面突出特点:鲜明一致的价值取向与政治意图;注重各项政策间的连续性与稳定性;政策制定的战略性与前瞻性;持续增加财政投入以保障政策实效.     

The Changing Landscape of Early Childhood Education: Implications for Policy and Practice

Early childhood education is changing rapidly due to the dynamic nature of positive and negative trends affecting the profession. In this article, the changing landscape of early childhood education is discussed and analyzed. Both the positive and negative forces contributing to the changing landscape are examined. The focus of this discussion includes changing demographics, changes in early childhood curriculum and instruction, increased focus on accountability, advances in research that inform early childhood education, influences affecting teacher preparation and professional development, and global trends affecting early education and care. We relate these trends to the need for holistic systems-thinking, integrated curricula, child-centered pedagogical standards, deeper commitment to social justice and a corresponding moral vision capable of inspiring educational policy, practice and research in the midst of a competitive global economy and the commodification of early childhood programs and curricula. By discussing practical examples and research findings to illustrate current positive and negative trends, this paper serves as a meaningful resource for all stakeholders. Taking recent dynamics into account, we provide a vision for evaluating change and analyzing major trends. Both implications and responses to the changes in the early childhood landscape are discussed.     

再论进化、发展和儿童早期教育

进化(种系发生)、发展(个体发生)和儿童早期教育之间的关系是儿童教育无法回避的基本理论问题。进化理论已经成为现代生物学的基石,由于人类认知和行为是基于生物学的,因此进化理论也应该成为现代心理学的基石。由于各种原因,进化理论对儿童发展心理学的早期影响主要体现在有关重演律——个体发生重演种系发生的思想上,如20世纪主要的发展心理学家格塞尔、皮亚杰、维果茨基、弗洛伊德等都在一定程度上受到重演律思想的影响。然而,重演律自其问世以来就因其过分粗糙和简单化而受到了质疑,并随着胚胎学与基因研究的深入而被修正。当新的进化改变发生时,重演律就会被打破。对人类来说,这种新的进化改变之可能发生,是与幼态持续紧密相关的。个体发育的早期阶段是一个潜在适应的仓库,包含了以后通过异率生长丢失的无数形状和结构。个体延迟发展或童年期的延长具有重要的适应性价值,它使人类大脑更加灵活,使儿童有充裕的时间习得复杂的社会角色与规范,并获得很强的发展可塑性与学习能力,同时由于儿童必须依赖双亲很长时期的照顾方能长大成人,这对建立和巩固家庭在儿童成长与社会稳定中的重要地位起了关键的中介作用。不过,进化与发展之间的关系十分复杂,两者绝非简单的对应关系,而且强...     

全人发展的幼儿教育——世界幼儿教育的发展趋势之一

全人教育是20世纪70年代从北关兴起的一种以促进人的整体发展为主要目的的教育思潮,对20世纪80年代中期以来的幼儿教育产生了重要影响,主要表现在幼儿教育的目的、目标、内容、过程、方法和途径等诸多方面。     

Towards Competent Systems in Early Childhood Education and Care. Implications for Policy and Practice

The close connection between the quality of provision for young children and professionaliation of the field has long been supported by international research. That the two are inseparable aspects of one picture is beginning to become accepted at European policy level, as evident in recent high level EU policy documents. This article explores the reciprocal relationship between quality and professionalisation, drawing on the findings of the study on ‘competence requirements in early childhood education and care’ (CoRe), jointly conducted by the University of East London and the University of Gent, and funded by the European Commission. Based on a review of literature in several European languages and data from a 15-country survey and seven in-depth case studies, CoRe has identified systemic conditions for a professionalisation of the entire early childhood system, beyond the formal qualification levels of individual practitioners. The article argues for a critical and systemic reconceptualisation of professional practice in a competent system.     

在传承民族传统优秀文化中促进少数民族幼儿全面发展

每个少数民族都有自己独特的物质文化与精神文化.少数民族幼儿教育应继承和发扬本民族的传统优秀文化,才能促进本民族幼儿的全面健康和谐发展.然而当前无论是少数民族幼儿园还是少数民族年轻一代的家长都盲目遵从城市主流汉文化,在教育内容与方式上没有体现本民族的文化特色.为促进少数民族幼儿民族认同感与民族自豪感的形成,促进少数民族幼儿社会性的积极健康发展,少数民族幼儿园与家长应积极创设富有民族特色的教育环境,带领幼儿感受传统民族节日与风情,为幼儿提供丰富多彩的具有民族文化内涵的教育活动,并在言传身教中培养幼儿具备本民族的传统美德.