百合科细胞分类学研究——(2)浙江产8属8种的染色体数目和核型报道

本文对浙江产的Disporum sessile， Tricyrtis macropodo，  Scilla rcilloides，Ophiopogon japoni-   cus,Liriope platyphylla和Allium macrostemon的核型作了分析，并报道了Polygonatum odoratum   和Asparagus cochinchinensis 的单倍体染色体数目。其中绝大多数为国产材料的首次记载。     

蜘蛛抱蛋属(百合科)的细胞分类学研究(1)——四川七个种的核型

In the work mitotic chromosomes in root-tips of 7 species native to Sichuan Pro- vince were examined and their karyotypes were analysed based on 7-8 cells at mitotic meta- phase, using Levan et al.'s (1964) nomenclature. The list of species and origin of the materials used in this work are provided in the appendix.  The micrographs of mitotic metaphase of all the materials are shown in Plates 1 and 2; the idiograms in Fig. 1, 1-9, and the parameters of chromosomes are provided in Tables 1-9.  All the chromosome countings and karyotypes in this paper are reported for the first time.      Characteristics of the karyotypes may be summarized as follows:      1.  2n=38 are found in all the materials except A. sichuanensis, which has 3 cytotypes, i.e, 2n=38+5B, 2n=38+lB and 2n=38+OB (Plate 2, 1-2, Fig. 1, 5-6).      2.  The karyotypes are of two major types: the karyotype of A. flaviflora falls into 3C in Stebbins's (1958, 197l) classification of karyotypes and those of all the other species into 2C. The two types are also different from each other in the number of large and medium-sized chromosomes pairs and morphology of the first pair of chromosomes (compare Plate 2, 5, Fig. 1, 9 with the other micrographs and idiograms).A. flaviflora with the karyotype 3C also differs from the other species in a series of gross morphological characters: the species is of a yellow and campanulate corolla.      3.  The species with caespitose leaves (A. caespitosa and A. omeiensis) have essentially the same karyotype, which is rather different from those of the species with scattered leaves. There are two pairs of small sm chromosomes (arm ratio ≥1.90) in the former karyotype (Tables 1 and 3), but all the small chromosomes are m or sm with arm ratio <1.80 in the latter karyotypes.     

秦岭地区10种百合科植物核型报道

本文对秦岭地区的Polygonatum的2种，Hosta的2种和Smilax discotis，Cardiocrinum giganteum，Asparagus filicintus，Reineckia carnea，Tupistra chinensis，Rohdea japonica做了核型分析。其中有4种的核型为国内首次报道。本义对不同产地的玉竹gonatum odoratum)的核型进行了对比，讨论了其核型进化的可能途径。     

中国萱草属(百合科)的数量细胞分类研究

用数量分类技术比较研究了国产萱草属植物的核型。所研究的分类群是:Hemerocallis citrina, H．dumortieri,H．esculenta,H．forrestii,二倍体和三倍体H．fulva,H．lilioasphodelus,H．mid- dendorffii,H．minor,H．multiflora,H．plicata。结果表明,物种形成已发生在染色体水平,染色体 变异与形态变异基本一致。结果支持将H．citrina和H．minor作为H．lilioasphodelus的亚种,H． esculenta作为H．dumortieri的变种。结果不支持将H．middendorffii作为H．dumortieri的变种,也 没有发现H．multiflora与H．plicata密切相关的证据。     

黄精族4属6种的核型报道

本文报道四川、陕西、河北的百合科黄精族4属6种的染色体数目和核型。Disporum megalant- hum 2n=16=2m(1SAT)+6sm(1SAT)十8st(3SAT)and 2n＝16=2m(1SAT)+8sm(3SAT)+6st， 3B型；Disporopsis pernyi 2n＝40=23m(2SAT)+15sm(2SAT)十2st+2t(2SAT), 2B型；Disporo- psis aspera 2n=40=30m十8sm(2SAT)+2t(2SAT)，2B型；Maianthemum bifolium 2n=36＝ 20m＝10sm十4st十2t(2SAT)，2B型；Palygonatum odoratum  2n=20=10m+10sm(3SAT)，2B 和2n＝20＝12m(4SAT)+8sm(2SAT)，  2B型；Polygonatum humile 20=20+10m(2SAT)十 6sm(2SAT)+4t，2B型。从染色体角度，并联系形态特征，对Disporum属中分别见于东亚和北美 的两个类群的关系作了讨论。也讨论了Disporopsis种间在核型不对称趋势与形态特化之间可能的关系。  本文还指出Polygonatum odoratum和Polygonatum humile种内核型的多变性。     

芍药属的研究(1)——国产几个野生种核型的报道

In the present paper 8 species with 15 populations of the genus Paeonia L. (if P. papaveracea and P. japonica are recognised as species) were collected from Sichuan, Shaanxi and Hebei provinces (see the Appendix for detail of the materials).  The micrographs of their somatic metaphase (also Mii in the case of P.veitchii) are shown in Plates 1-4, the karyo- type formulae, ranges of chromosome length and classification of karyotypes according to Steb- bins (1971) are shown in Table 5: the idiograms in Figs. 1-2, and the parameters of chromo- somes in Table 1-4.  The essential points are mentioned as follows:        (1)   Chromosomes of the various species in the section Modan have so far been examined and they are all diploid, the two species in the section Onaepia are also diploid, and thus tetraploids exist only in the section Paeonia.        (2)  Chromosomes in the genus Paeonia are relatively stable except for the differentiation of ploidy.  The karyotypes (Table 1-4) show no differences among different taxa in Sect. Modan and the same can also be said about the taxa in Sect. Paeonia (Table 1).  Not only are the karyotypes very similar, but also among the members within  either section have the same parameters of chromosomes, and, differences, if occur, are not statistically significant. Between the two sections, however, the situation is different. The arm ratios of the first pairs of chromosomes in Sect. Modan are 1.53, 1.52 and 1.48 (Table 1), but those in Sect. Paeonia are 1.12-1.28 (Table 2-4), 95% confidence limits are 1.46-1.60 for the section Modan and 1.07-1.28 (1.21-1.35 only for PB85078) for the section Paeonia, not overlapping, which indi- cates that the two sections have differentiated in respect of the first pairs of chromosomes.        (3)The population PB85024, which belongs to the P. obovata complex, has a karyotype of 2B (stebbins, 1971), which is a new one in the genus Paeonia. This karyotype is a stable one, for several individuals in the population are uniform in this respect, which shows that Steb- bins’ (1971) generalization that all the species in Paeonia have 2A does not hold true.        (4)  Three populations of P. obovata complex studied in this work from Sichuan and Shaanxi are all tetraploids, and one from Hebei is a diploid.  From the present work and the previcus reports, the materials from Japan and Korea, no matter whether flowers are pink or white, are diploids, those from Heilongjiang Province (with both pink and white flowers) (Liu Ming-yuan, personal communication) and from Heibei Province (with pink flowers) in China are also diploids, the one from Sakhalin (pink flowers) is tetraploid, those from Priamur of the Soviet Union are a tetraploid (with white flowers) and a diploid (with pink flowers), and those from Shaanxi (the Qinling Range) and western Sichuan (with both pink and white flowers) are all tetraploids.  As far as we have now known, ploidy in this parti- cular complex is correlated with the geographical distribution: diploids are found in the cen- tral part, tetraploids occur in the northern limits, and in the south  letraploids are the only cytotype.      (5)  The materials of P. mairei from western Sichuan and Shaanxi (the Qinling Range) are found all to be tetraploids, which shows that two cytotypes, diploid and tetraploid, exist in this  species,  but the geographical distribution pattern of these two cytotypes is to be revealed in the future investigation.     

湖北泽泻属植物的细胞分类学研究

本文对湖北省三种泽泻属 Alisma L. 植物进行了核型分析和形态研究。  结果表明：     泽泻 A．plantago-aquatica L. 和东方泽泻1) A. orientale (Sam．) Juzep．  2n=2x=14，窄叶     泽泻 A．canaliculatum A．Br. Bouche 2n=6x=42。  其中东方泽泻的核型是未报道过的新     类型，这与前人所提出的该属植物核型为同型的结论不同，且泽泻和东方泽泻在形态方面亦有     很大差异，因而支持将泽泻和东方泽泻分立两种的观点。又结合前人的工作，讨论了该属植物 核型变异的三种式样。     

重楼属植物的细胞地理学研究

重楼属Paris有19种，分布于欧亚大陆。根据对本属所有种的染色体研究，重楼属染色体基数为5，核型的基本结构有两种形式：热带核型K2n＝2x=10=6m十4t和温带核型K2n=2x=10＝6m+4st或  6m+2st十2t。  热带核型的种(13种)分布在亚洲大陆的热带和亚热带；温带核型的种(6种)则出现在欧亚大陆的温带地域。重楼属的多倍体种的核型属温带核型，为本属的边陲种。四倍体种四叶重楼Paris quadrifolia分布在本属分布区的西端(欧洲)；日本重楼P.japonica是八倍体种，局限在属分布区的东端(日本)。全部热带核型的种都是二倍体种。其中海南重楼P.dunniana等较原始种类都集中在华南和中南半岛北部。作者认为，亚洲大陆北纬18°至北回归线的热带地域是重楼属的起源地，云贵高原至邛崃山地域拥有14种重楼和9种核型结构式(全属有13种核型结构式)，是重楼属的多样化中心，即现代分布中心。     

中国阿魏属的细胞分类学研究

本文首次报道和分析了阿魏属Ferula L.分布区东缘3个种的染色体数目和核型。 太行阿魏F. licentiana Hand.-Mazz．的核型公式为2n=22=14m+2sm+6st(2sat)，铜山阿魏F．licentianc Hand．-Mazz．var．tunshanica(Su)Shan et Q．X．Liu的核型公式为2n=22=14m+8st(2sat)， 硬阿魏F．bungeana Kitag．的核型公式为2n=22=12m+6sm+2st。  它们的核型都属2A型．在此基 础上从染色体角度进一步论证了铜山阿魏作为太行阿魏的变种和硬阿魏从近前胡亚属  Subgen. Peucedanoides(Boiss.)Korov．中分出的合理性．根据已有资料，提出该属的染色体基数为X=11, 基本核型公式为2n=22=14m+4sm+4st。  本属核型对称性偏高，核型变异性偏小，与该属的自然性和稳 定性以及该属的分类地位的合理性和可靠性相吻合。  本文还分析了国产阿魏属内各种类的核型，进化程度，并对它们进行了细胞分类处理，对于出现与经典分类不一致的原因进行了讨论。     

披碱草属6种植物的核型研究

本文首次报道特产于我国青藏高原披碱草属Elymus的6种植物的染色体数目和核型。6个种的染色体数目为2n＝42，都是6倍体。它们的核型是：黑药鹅观草，2n=6x＝42=32m+10sm;糙毛鹅观草，2n=6x=42=34m+8sm；大颖鹅观草，2n=6x=42=30m+12sm；疏花鹅观，2n=6x=42=32m+10sm；青海鹅观草，2n=6x= 42＝34m十8sm；长颖鹅观草，2n=6x＝42=34m十8sm。它们的核型属1B或2B型，染色体中均未发现随体。     

茶树细胞分类学研究

本文研究了黔、滇、川、闽茶树Camellia Sinensis(L)Kuntze 9个类型的核型。染色体数目均为2n=30。9个茶树类型可分为两类：第一类包括乔木大叶类的贵州大叶茶，云南大叶茶及云南腾冲大叶茶，其核型均为”2A”型。 第二类属于灌木或小乔木类，以中小叶为主，少数为大叶的黔湄419，黔湄502雅安大叶茶，福鼎大白茶，川茶及黔湄101，核型属”2A”和”2B”，不对称性略高于第一类，为较进化的核型。从核型资料支持将茶C.sinensis分为两个亚种，同时也赞同以云贵高原为中心的茶树起源观点。     

几种萱草核型的比较研究

Some species of Hemerocallis were cultivated in the campus of Futan Un- iversity, including the evergreen H. aurantiaca Baker.  The original plant of H. auran- tiaca was introduced from Zhangzhou, southeastern Fukien Province.  The karyotype formula of H. aurantiaca is 2n=33=12m+9sm+3st+3T+6m(sat).   The  karyotype differs from those of summer-green or evergreen H. fulva (k(2n)=33=3M+21m+6sm +3T) and H. fulva var. kwanso (K(2n)=33=3M+l8m+6sm+3st+3T).  The vouchers are kept in FUS.     

五种国产木来木属（广义）植物的核型

对分布于我国的木来木属Cornus L．(广义)4个主要类群的5种植物进行了细胞学研究。结果表明，这5种植物的染色体数目和核型分别为：灯台树 C．controversa Hemsl．2n=20=2m+8sm+10st；红瑞木 C．alba L．2n=22=8sm+12st+2t；毛木来C．walteri Wanger．2n=22=8sm+14st(0-2SAT)；山茱萸C.officinalis Seid. et Zucc. 2n=18=8m+l0sm(0-2SAT)；四照花(变种)C．kousa var. chinensis Osborn 2n=22=2sm+6st(0-2SAT)十14t。     

中国苹果属植物染色体研究

本文报道了中国苹果属Malus Mill．21种36类型的核型和6个多倍体类型的减数分裂联会构 型。 (木+多)(木+衣)海棠组Sect．Docyniopsis和花楸苹果组Sect．Sorbomalus中的滇池海棠系Ser． Yunnanenses  属2A型，陇东海棠系Ser．Kansuenses中的变叶海棠M．toringoides和花叶海棠M． transitoria属2A、2B则，三叶海棠系Ser．Sieboldianae属2B型，苹果组Sect．Malus中的苹果系 Ser．Pumilae和山荆子系Ser．Baccatae除小金海棠M．xiaojinensis 2B型外，均属3B型。减数分 裂观察结果有同源四倍体，节段异源三倍体和异源三倍体类型。本文还讨论了种类间在核型上的差异、栽培种的起源，核型的演化趋势以及无融合生殖类型的分类学处理。     

百合科六属十五种植物的细胞学研究

本文对云南西北部百合科6属15种的染色体和核型进行了报道。 (1)Clintonia udensis Trautv．et Mey间期核属于浓密分散型，前期染色体属于渐变型，分裂中期体细胞染色体2n=14=8m+4sm+2st(2SAT)，核型不对称性属于2A型；(2)鹿药属四个种间期核属于复杂中央微粒型，前期染色体属于中间型，分裂中期体细胞染色体分别为Smilacina henryi(Baker)Wang et Tang，2n=36=12m+16sm+6st+2t(2SAT)，  核型不对称性属于2C型；Smilacina fusca Wall., 2n=36=14m(2SAT)+12sm+10st(2SAT)，  核型不对称性属于2B型；  Smilacina tatsienensis(Franch．)Wang et Tang，  2n=36=22m+2sm+2st(2SAT)，  核型不对称性属于2C型；Smilacina atropurpurea(Franch．)Wang et Tang，2n=36=18m+6sm(2SAT)+12st，核型不对称性属于2C型；(3)黄精属四个种的间期核属于复杂中央微粒型，前期染色体属于中间型，分裂中期体细胞染色体分别为Polygonatum kingianum Coll．et Hesml．，2n=30=12m(2SAT) +6sm+lst+2t，  核型不对称性属于2C型；  Polygonatum cirrhifolium(Wall．)  Royal，2n=30=10m+4sm+12st+4t，  3C型；  Polygonatum  curvistylum  Hua，  2n=78=24m(2SAT)+14sm(6SAT)+40st，  核型不对称性属于3C  型；  Polygonatum  cathcartii  Baker，2n=32=12m+6sm+10st+2t+2bs，核型不对称性属于2C型；(4)百合属，假百合属，豹子花属三个属的间期核和前期染色体形态相似，都属于复杂中央微粒型，前期染色体属于中间型，分裂中期体 细胞染色体分别为Lilium  henricii Franch，2n=24=2m(2SAT)+2sm+10st+10t，核型不对称性属于3A型；Lilium bakerianum Coll．et  Hesml．var．  rubrum  Stearn，    2n=24=4m  (2SAT)+10st+10t(2SAT)，核型不对称性属于3A型；Nomocharis bilouensis Liang 2n=24=2m(2SAT)+2sm+12st+8t，核型不对称性属于3A型；Nomocharis pardanthina Franch．，2n=24=4m(2SAT)+12st (2SAT)+8t，核型不对称性属于3A型；Nomocharis sauluensis Balf, f.,2n=24=4m(2SAT)+10st(2SAT)+10t，核型不对称性属于3B型；Notholirion campanulatum Cotton et Stearn2n=24=2m(2SAT)+2sm+14st(2SAT)+6t，核型不对称性属于3A型。     

浙江产7种菝葜的染色体研究

本文报道浙江产菝葜属smilax 7个种的染色体数目和核型。S．nipponica有两种核型，2n＝   26和2n=32，均为3B型，但后一种细胞型的雄株的第一对染色体大小不等，可能为性染色体；S.   riparia 2n=30，属3B型；S．siebodii n＝16；S. china有两个染色体数目，2n＝96 和n＝15；   S. davidiana 2n=32，属3B型，对减数分裂MI的观察发现n＝16；S．glabra 2n=32，亦属3B   型：S. nervo-marginata var．liukiuensis 2n=32，属3C型。讨论了种间在核型上的差异、属的基数、   核型演化趋势和性染色体等问题。