从“技术熟练者”到“反思性实践家”——试论新课改背景下的教师新形象

教师是新课程改革顺利推进的决定性教育因素。“技术熟练者”教师角色形成的文化背景主要为现代知识观、行为主义心理学、泰勒的“目标模式”,其主要特征为教育理论知识缺乏,知识结构单一;教育智慧缺乏,实践能力差;质疑和批判精神缺乏,思想守旧、落后。“反思性实践家”的教师角色形成的文化背景主要为后现代知识观、认知主义心理学、批判理论,其主要特征为知识结构复杂,自我更新能力强;教育智慧充盈,实践能力强;质疑与批判精神丰厚,思想开放、进步。走向“反思性实践家”教师角色的条件主要有后现代文化转向和行动研究运用。     

‘I know it’s not proper research,but…’: how professionals’ understandings of research can frustrate its potential for CPD

This article draws upon the work of two researchers who facilitated practitioner research with school professionals in Liverpool. The researchers themselves had not been involved in practitioner research before. In this account, the researchers reflect critically upon their own experience. The discussion presents the learning curve that the researchers underwent as well as what they discovered about the relationship between practitioners and researchers when engaged in school‐based research. Crucially the issue of practitioners’ understandings of what constituted ‘good’ research emerged as a significant issue. In particular, positivist notions of research that drew from popular scientific understandings, as well as the culture of numerical targeting in the schools system, seemed to shape these practitioners’ sense of what was expected of them as practitioner‐researchers. The article finishes by reflecting upon the possible lessons that this work presents for education managers considering practitioner research approaches for continuing professional development (CPD).     

Collaborative action research as a tool for generating formative feedback on teachers’ classroom assessment practice: the KREST project

This paper sets out to explore science teachers’ classroom assessment practices and outlines some of the tensions and synergies in changing assessment practices. It describes episodes from a collaborative action research project with science teachers designed to support the strengthening of classroom assessment practices – the King’s Researching Expertise in Science Teaching project. This paper focuses on how the collaborative action research project functioned as a tool for generating formative feedback for the teachers and how this feedback supported the teachers in making sense of and further developing their classroom assessment practices.     

Threshold concepts and the troublesome transition from GCSE to A-level: exploring students’ experiences in secondary school biology

Abstract

This paper draws on doctoral research exploring the lived experiences of secondary school students during their first year of A-level study, through the theoretical lens of the Threshold Concept Framework. A longitudinal design frame based on Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis is employed, thus providing an original use of this methodology in education research to address the paucity of inquiry exploring the difficulties experienced by students as they transition from the General Certificate in Secondary Education (GCSE) to A-level. In this context, I argue that students’ encounters with threshold concepts (TCs) are significant for them, posing a degree of cognitive and affective challenge which serves to exacerbate the difficulty of transition already caused by increased workload and pressure. The findings offer insights into students’ struggles adjusting to shifting identity and membership of communities further intensified by the integrative, discursive and transformative nature of TC acquisition. The longitudinal research design also surfaces positive aspects of growing awareness of the integrative power of TCs. Recommendations are made for further research involving students, teachers and academics to explore TCs in a range of other subjects and settings in secondary schools in the context of recent and significant changes to GCSE and A-level curricula.     

教育行动研究的构思与设计

在知识经济时代的今天,教师成为行动研究者的观念已广为流传,教育行动研究是培养科研型教师或教师在职培训的群众性研究范式。本文根据行动研究的特点和方法,着重阿述一个有意义合理的行动研究计划的几个主要环节,以期为教育行动研究者提供一个研究的理论框架。     

Using activity theory as a lens to analyse interaction in a university–school initial teacher education and training partnership

The development of beginning teachers' practice during a school placement is a multiplicity of mediated interactions between university- and school-based systems. Both systems have the common aim of training effective teachers. However, day-to-day internal institution matters can cause tension between the learning goals set out for the beginning teacher by the university and the schools' drive to ensure maximum student performance in ‘high stake’ national tests. This article reports on an intervention intended to equip beginning teachers with the capacity to learn, through purposive activity, in an authentic classroom environment. The context of the learning was to address the conceptual difficulties that secondary school pupils (aged 11-16) have in understanding scientific concepts within the constraints of a ‘curriculum delivery’ lead culture. The results show that beginning teachers are able to extract principles, which might assist them in new contexts in the future. The interactions which took place during the intervention within a school University Initial Teacher Education and Training partnership were analysed using activity systems.     

行动研究在我国的发展:回顾与反思

我国早期的行动研究具有实证主义的倾向,认为行动研究的目的是探究普遍的教育规律,以教育实验的方式进行,强调实验过程对条件的控制,只有极少数教师参与行动研究;从20世纪90年代开始,我国的行动研究一方面仍遵循实证主义的\"假设—验证\"模式,另一方面也具备了解释主义的精神,即在教育教学的实际情境中去发现问题和解决问题,由此理解情境化的教育实践;进入21世纪,我国的行动研究更是坚持解释主义的立场,并出现\"草根化\"的趋势。行动研究不再被认为是单纯的解决问题的工具,而是教师将他人理论转化为个人理论,再转化为教学行为,从而促进学生学习和教师专业发展的过程。     

立足于研究 放眼于世界——美国高校音乐教育考察综述

通过对印第安纳大学、芝加哥西北大学等四所美国高校音乐教育状况的考察,可以看到美国音乐教育界对研究性教学及世界多元文化的重视,这对中国的音乐教育发展有重要的启发意义,如从这两方面加以改进,将能更新中国当前音乐教育的观念,使中国音乐教育走向世界前列。     

论老子“无为自化”蕴涵的教育理念

老子出于对个人生命意义的真正关爱 ,主张无为自化、不言之教。他的主张蕴涵着很深刻的教育理念 ,体现了老子对人的尊重和对人的终极关怀。老子提倡教师要有“常善救人”、“常善救物”的品行修养 ,认为教师应该做一位“大智若愚”的人 ,通过自己的无为来充分挖掘学生的潜力和潜能 ,让学生成为自知、自觉、自悟的人