国内外机构知识库建设现状及建议

本文通过Open DOAR、ROAR、Cybermetrics Lab、CAS IR GRID和CALIS高校机构知识库系统,调查了国内外机构知识库的建设现状,总结了我国机构知识库建设现阶段存在的问题并提出相对应的措施,以期对我国机构知识库的建设有所帮助。     

基于学术机构知识库构建模式的探讨

本文分别论述了学术机构知识库的概念的界定、学术机构知识库的研究背景和现实背景﹑开放获取运动和国内外学术机构知识库的发展现状等问题。     

机构知识库研究现状及发展方向

概述了国内外机构知识库研究的现状,指出其存在的有关问题,探讨了机构知识库的发展方向。     

机构知识库构建分布及发展状况研究

随着开放存取运动的推进,国外机构知识库发展已具有一定规模.综合运用数理统计、比较分析以及文献研究方法,从机构知识库建设规模、软件平台、导航路线、学科分布、语言分布以及机构知识库创建的主要承担者等几个方面,探讨国内外机构知识库的发展状况和使用情况.     

机构知识库:开放获取的有效实现形式

开放获取是在网络环境下发展起来的一种新的学术交流理念和出版模式，并且带动了机构知识库的兴起和发展，使其成为了开放获取有效的实现形式。从开放获取和机构知识库的基本含义入手，并结合实例重点分析了支持开放获取的机构知识库；结合国内外的发展现状分析了开展开放获取和构建机构知识库存在的一些问题，并提出了相应的解决对策。     

机构知识库内容快速建设方法

本文指出目前国内机构知识库内容建设遇到的问题,探讨了一种可以加快机构知识库内容建设的方法。并以WoS和CNKI两大国内外网络著名数据库为例,对该方法进行了详细说明。     

国内机构知识库研究现状分析——基于知识图谱的视角

文章对中国知网近10年机构知识库相关文献进行定量分析,采用Ucinet、Pajek等可视化软件,结合社会网络分析等方法,绘制了作者、机构、期刊与关键词等网络知识图谱。基于知识图谱视角,更为直观地分析了国内机构知识库研究现状,较为准确地揭示了国内研究热点,对国内外机构知识库的研究现状和研究热点进行了对比和分析。     

基于机构知识库的学科服务趋势探析

本文从国内外机构知识库的学科服务应用出发,探索基于机构知识库的学科服务现状与发展趋势。联盟平台服务,机构库内容服务,科研数据服务等深度学科化知识服务趋势,是未来学科化知识服务把IR开辟为一个"知识服务"的阵地、工具和渠道的方向。     

知识协同视角下智库型机构知识库的模型构建及流程设计

[目的/意义]为推动机构知识库应用,探索机构知识库和智库的有机融合,构建智库型机构知识库,创新机构知识库实践。[方法/过程]通过对机构知识库与智库内涵及应用实践的研究,用协同理论分析机构知识库和智库协同发展的可行性,以资源、技术、服务为切入点,构建智库型机构知识库模型。[结果/结论]机构知识库面临理论和实践脱节、缺乏用户体验、服务功能欠缺等问题,基于知识协同理论从用户层、需求层、服务层、交流层提出智库型机构知识库构建策略。     

基于知识管理的机构知识库服务体系构建探析

现有机构知识库服务难以满足科研用户的知识需求,应增强知识管理在机构知识库中的作用,并在此基础上构建基于知识管理的机构知识库服务体系,可有力提升机构知识库的服务水平,使机构知识库快速地从信息服务向知识服务迈进。     

机构库建设中"避风港"原则的适用

机构库建设中著作权问题的核心在于信息网络传播权的保护。本文结合机构库的运作机制,分析了机构库建设者的法律地位和法律责任,认为机构库建设者属于提供信息存储空间服务的网络服务提供者,对于机构成员提供侵权作品的行为,可以适用"避风港"原则,在满足《信息网络传播权保护条例》所规定的五项免责条件的情况下,可以免除侵权赔偿责任。     

基于开放存取的机构知识库与图书馆信息资源共享(修改稿)

机构知识库为学术交流、数字化资源的管理与共享提供了一种崭新的模式,是数字图书馆发展的一个重要领域。本文阐述了机构知识库目前的发展状态及存在的问题,分析了机构知识库与图书馆之间的关系,提出实现机构知识库和图书馆资源有效整合的方法。     

机构知识库的构建与服务

从机构知识库与传统数据库的区别,即机构知识库收集的内容外化为社会资源、内化为个人知识出发,分析机构知识库的学科信息特色及内容类型.以上海生科院神经所的机构知识库建设为例,提出了嵌入式机构知识库的构思,即“流程”“环境＂＂人员”“服务”四嵌入,以及机构知识库具体服务功能的初步设计;提出了科研知识环境下文献情报机构要以机构知识库的建设为切入点,发展融入科研流程的全谱段数据,提供嵌入到用户科研环境和科研过程中的动态学科化知识服务.     

基于数字信号处理理论的新型信息检索模型研究

【目的/意义】大数据时代对各领域信息检索系统检索模型查准率提出了较高要求。然而,现阶段对于传统检索模型的相关研究陷入瓶颈,表现为近若干年被提出的相关模型查准率提升幅度小,无法较好满足当前用户对于精准查询的需求。由此,高查准率检索模型亟待探索。近年来,一种基于数字信号处理理论的新型检索模型构架（Digital Signal Processing Framework:DSPF）被提出。同时,基于该模型构架的检索模型已被验证相较于传统检索模型具备显著的查准率优势。【方法/过程】据此,本研究基于数字信号处理理论构架,引入了经典概率模型F2LOG与F2EXP的词项权重计算方法,提出了模型DSPF-F2LOG与DSPF-F2EXP。为验证其查准率,本研究通过实验法,基于多种不同类型的标准数据集,采用多项查准率指标,将其与多个经典检索模型进行查准率对比分析。【结果/结论】实验结果表明,本研究所提模型较经典检索模型普遍具备更高查准率,且至少与当前查准率最高的基于数字信号处理理论的检索模型具备相当的查准率表现。本研究所提出的两个高查准率DSP模型可有效提高当前各领域信息检索系统对于非结构化文本的查准率。...     

Assessing learning outcomes in two information retrieval learning environments

In order to design information retrieval (IR) learning environments and instruction, it is important to explore learning outcomes of different pedagogical solutions. Learning outcomes have seldom been evaluated in IR instruction. The particular focus of this study is the assessment of learning outcomes in an experimental, but naturalistic, learning environment compared to more traditional instruction. The 57 participants of an introductory course on IR were selected for this study, and the analysis illustrates their learning outcomes regarding both conceptual change and development of IR skill. Concept mapping of student essays was used to analyze conceptual change and log-files of search exercises provided data for performance assessment. Students in the experimental learning environment changed their conceptions more regarding linguistic aspects of IR and paid more emphasis on planning and management of search process. Performance assessment indicates that anchored instruction and scaffolding with an instructional tool, the IR Game, with performance feedback enables students to construct queries with fewer semantic knowledge errors also in operational IR systems.     

A second look at Egghe’s universal IR surface and a simple derivation of a complete set of universal IR evaluation points

Egghe’s three papers regarding the universal IR surface (2004, 2007, 2008) clearly represent an original and significant contribution to the IR evaluation literature. However, Egghe’s attempt to find a complete set of universal IR evaluation points (P,R,F,M) fell short of his goal: his universal IR surface equation did not suffice in and of itself, and his continuous extension argument was insufficient to find all the remaining points (quadruples). Egghe found only two extra universal IR evaluation points, (1,1,0,0) and (0,0,1,1), but it turns out that a total of 15 additional, valid, universal IR evaluation points exist. The gap first appeared in Egghe’s earliest paper and was carried into subsequent papers. The mathematical method used here for finding the additional universal IR evaluation points involves defining the relevance metrics P,R,F,M in terms of the Swets variables a,b,c,d. Then the maximum possible number of additional quadruples is deduced, and finally, all the invalid quadruples are eliminated so that only the valid, universal IR points remain. Six of these points may be interpreted as being continuous extensions of the universal IR surface, while the other nine points may be interpreted as being “off the universal IR surface.” This completely solves the problem of finding the maximum range possible of universal IR evaluation points.     

A decision-theoretic approach to the evaluation of information retrieval systems

Evaluation research on information retrieval (IR) systems has thus far been narrowly focused and disjointed. This research attempts to narrow the gap by providing a comprehensive and integrated multiple criteria decision-theoretic approach for the evaluation of IR systems. The approach, which is based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), is illustrated in the context of a domain-specific IR system. The novelty of this approach lies in the focus on the user aspect and the application of decision-making theories in the IR field.     

不同产地狗肝菜药材IR光谱鉴别

目的:考察不同产地狗肝菜红外光谱的指纹图谱的细微差异,并进行对比鉴别。方法:对同种不同产地的狗肝菜药材进行红外光谱测定,并计算其相似度。结果:本实验采用IR法建立狗肝菜指纹图谱,通过相似度计算发现,12批样品的相似度均大于0.90,且出峰位置稳定。结论:该方法所建立的图谱具有较好的稳定性和可控性,可用于狗肝菜的红外鉴别。     

Association of Insulin Resistance with Adipocytokine Levels in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) results from the derangement of adipocyte physiology and carbohydrate metabolism. Obesity and insulin resistance (IR) are integral features of MetS. The adipokine alterations in MetS often correlate with IR and body fat content. High adipose tissue content is associated with a decreased production of adiponectin and excessive production of tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), all of which induce IR. The present study evaluated the adipokine alterations in MetS and their association with IR. The findings of the current study indicate that MetS is associated with significant decrease in adiponectin and increase in TNF-α and IL-6. The present study also found that the adipocyte derived inflammatory adipokines, TNF-α and IL-6 correlate with IR while the anti-inflammatory adipokines, adiponectin does not correlate with the degree and severity of IR.     

Local search: A guide for the information retrieval practitioner

There are a number of combinatorial optimisation problems in information retrieval in which the use of local search methods are worthwhile. The purpose of this paper is to show how local search can be used to solve some well known tasks in information retrieval (IR), how previous research in the field is piecemeal, bereft of a structure and methodologically flawed, and to suggest more rigorous ways of applying local search methods to solve IR problems. We provide a query based taxonomy for analysing the use of local search in IR tasks and an overview of issues such as fitness functions, statistical significance and test collections when conducting experiments on combinatorial optimisation problems. The paper gives a guide on the pitfalls and problems for IR practitioners who wish to use local search to solve their research issues, and gives practical advice on the use of such methods. The query based taxonomy is a novel structure which can be used by the IR practitioner in order to examine the use of local search in IR.