研究生学术内卷：表征、机理与抑制

研究生学术内卷是群体内部出现的一种“论文数量虚假繁荣而无实际创新”的怪象。以“内卷化理论”审视研究生学术内卷具体化表征发现,论文发表成为毕业答辩、授位衡量“门槛”;科研成果作为读博深造、就业考核“筹码”;学术成果视为学科评估的“附加值”;学术资本积累变成评优、获奖的“硬通货”。研究生学术内卷产生机理主要归结于“破唯”评价标准的模糊认知;高校内评价主体“权力转让”;社会外部“僧多粥少”遴选机制;学位点“量化指标”的评价体系问题。为了抑制研究生陷入学术内卷怪圈,需要重构内部多元评价机制,挥舞好高校科研评价“指挥棒”;正视“第三方”评价人,强化导师培养的主体责任与意识;倡导人才培养多元分流,疏通研究生职业规划“分岔口”;淡化“数字化”发表倾向,塑造研究生学术自信。     

以多破唯:构建职业教育评价新格局的路径探析

当前,教育评价中的"五唯"问题,其根源在于"唯"形成的片面化、简单化、功利化导向.职业教育评价改革破"唯"的关键,是以"多维"结构性视角构建教育评价新格局.在价值导向上,关注多元主体的利益表达,促进不同办学职能的协同实现,综合发挥教育评价的多种功能;在策略选择上,注重梳理多元主体的不同职责,发展不同类型的评价方式;在结...     

指标癖:监视资本主义的制度陷阱——兼论破"五唯"问题

指标癖作为一种对现代测量与评价的本能依恋,深刻体现了监视资本主义的制度陷阱.大学的指标癖不仅凸显了大学的"平庸之恶",更加剧了大学"表现的危机".大学指标癖的困局可以说是监视资本主义在观念、行动和制度上层层叠加的结果.破"五唯"的政策话语让指标问题更加突出,实质上需要突破的是监视资本主义制度下的系统性评价闭环.一方面,必须从观念的源头认清大学指标癖的弊病,重新定位大学的发展,打破以中心定义边缘的评价生态,尊重高等教育研究者和实践者的专业行动与思考;另一方面,要在制度上切断"测量等于指标,指标等于绩效"的因果链,重塑多元评价体系,在多重关系的重新连接中走出指标癖的制度围城.     

高校辅导员工作内卷化：现实表征、形成机理与破解策略

近年来,辅导员工作内卷化成为一种需要我们高度警惕的不良倾向。这种不良倾向是辅导员的工作到了一定的发展阶段就停滞不前或无法转化为另一种高级模式的现象,具体体现为工作内容上低水平的重复、工作重心上偏离思政教育、职业逻辑上陷入技术理性危机等。高校辅导员工作内卷化的形成主要是源于思政教育体制改革滞后于教育需求、辅导员队伍过度功利化和显绩化、误读了思想政治教育的互动内涵。破解内卷化可以从推行辅导员工作职责清单制度、多元协同和重点有别的绩效评估机制、实施交互主体性式的思政教育模式等方面进行尝试。     

职业院校青年女教师专业发展的"内卷化"与"去内卷化"

新时代职业教育质量提升的一个重要途径即职业院校教师专业发展质量的提升.然而,作为职业院校教学队伍骨干的青年女教师在专业发展过程中,出现了专业发展意识薄弱、发展水平欠缺、发展路径狭窄等问题,青年女教师的专业发展正陷入事实上的"内卷化"泥潭.为了破除阻碍青年女教师专业发展的内外约束力,从专业发展意识、专业发展制度建设、专业发展认同感等几方面提出对策建议,以期推进职业院校青年女教师专业发展"去内卷化".     

基础教育领域"唯分数":成因、影响与治理

基础教育领域的"唯分数"现象其症结在于科举文化的历史影响,在于单一的评价方式及社会用人机制的不合理,现已显现出不利于学生身心健康发展、不利于创造性与批判性思维的形成及不利于科学公正的选拔等缺陷.破除基础教育领域"唯分数"现象,须通过构建科学可行的综合评价体系、促进素质教育发展及引导家长树立正确的家庭教育观等举措,以扭转不正确的教育评价导向,促进教育事业科学协调发展.     

关于提高“马克思主义中国化研究”专业博士生培养质量的思考

“马克思主义中国化研究”专业博士生培养质量的提高必须要适应当代中国研究生教育质量提升的整体背景,坚持高端引领,创新“马克思主义中国化研究”专业博士生培养观念;优化博士生课程的设置,创新“马克思主义中国化研究”专业博士生培养模式;加强博士生参与科学研究的能力和水平,创新“马克思主义中国化研究”专业博士生培养机制.     

我国博士招生"申请-考核"制改革的反思与重构

"申请-考核"制作为我国新型博士生招生方式,体现了研究生招考方式多样化改革动向.这一招考方式源自西方国家,在我国实践中出现了传统笔试统考的路径依赖、名校出身的招考资格歧视、半公开下的导师权力失范等问题.西方博士生"申请-考核"制经历了制度塑型、制度构型、制度转型三个阶段,呈现师徒角色社团化、教育分流双轨化、招生选拔标准化等特征,反映出这一制度安排在西方社会的自洽性.中西方在社会关系结构下的招考文化、社会分层结构下的教育制度和社会权力结构下的导师权责方面存在明显差异.基于此,我国博士生"申请-考核"制需要挖掘笔试统考优势,建构考核兼容模式;打破名校身份限制,推行二轨并行体制;建立权力协管机制,划定导师权力范围,继续深化本土化改革.     

"相关和集中":博士生个体课程体系建构的理论思考

基于我国高校博士生课程体系存在的主要问题,提出了"相关和集中"的博士生个体课程体系建构思想.该思想主张以学位论文研究需要作为博士生个体课程体系设计的目标指向,关注研究方法课程、跨学科课程和学术前沿课程的设置.强调课程学习与论文研究的有机配合."相关和集中"思想下的博士生个体课程体系具体设计,在空间结构上可采用"三维架构".而在时间结构上则可实施"双螺旋结构"的组织方式.     

试论“三个代表”重要思想的科学内涵

“三个代表”重要思想科学地总结了我们党成立以来的历史经验,特别是改革开放以来的新鲜经验,以新的思想、观点、论断,继承、丰富和发展了马克思列宁主义、毛泽东思想和邓小平理论。     

Publications in the doctoral thesis: challenges for doctoral candidates,supervisors, examiners and administrators

Encouraging doctoral students to publish during their candidature is becoming more widely accepted and practised, both in Australia and internationally, although it is still less common in some fields. Almost all universities in Australia now offer candidates an option to include publications in their doctoral thesis. This paradigm shift has occurred over several decades as the role of doctoral education has been debated, but guidelines for students, supervisors and examiners have yet to catch up. While various benefits, challenges and criticisms have been discussed by established academics, the voices of the candidates themselves are limited. Using a narrative inquiry approach, this study helps to fill that void by reporting the personal experiences of the author, who recently completed a thesis with publications (TWP) in education. As such, this paper not only illuminates the potential challenges for doctoral candidates but it also offers possible ways in which universities, supervisors, examiners and candidates themselves can make the path to completing a doctoral TWP easier to navigate.     

"申请-考核"制入学的博士生培养质量更高吗?——基于"研究生满意度调查"

深化博士生考试招生制度改革是保障博士生培养质量的重要前提.本研究采用"研究生满意度调查"数据,实证考察了"申请-考核"制与博士生培养质量的关联性.研究结果表明:"申请-考核"制入学的博士生在学期间学术能力与通用能力提升更高,在运用倾向得分匹配消除了样本自选择问题后,结论依然成立;个体努力程度在申请考核生的学术能力与通用能力提升方面起到了部分中介作用,即"申请-考核"制不仅挑选出更加具有学术能力和通用能力潜质的申请人,也挑选出更加努力的申请人.为此,我国应充分发挥"申请-考核"制在选拔高素质博士生过程中的重要作用,提高"申请-考核"制的内部信度,探索建立申请材料结构化数据的核验与评分系统.     

农村基础教育“内卷化”的制度性审视

基础教育作为整个教育系统的基石,是巩固个体终身发展的根本。当前,我国农村基础教育"内卷化"问题日益突出,主要表现为:基于效率优先下的社会分层作用弱化;基于增长趋势下的教育治理形式化凸显;基于维持状态下的城乡二元结构固化的现实危机。究其根源,在于多重制度性因素的累积影响严重,其中"以县为主"的分级管理体制导致了教育治理的形式化;"城市主导"的外控型教研室制度导致了需求表达的闭塞性;精英理念下的教育投入机制导致了资源倾斜的绝对化;市场导向下的生源流动机制导致了教育追求的异变性。如何消解农村基础教育"内卷化"是当务之急,急需提升农村基础教育的治理理性;构建高效的多元利益表达机制;打破制度渐进变迁的路径依赖;定位基础教育本质的价值排序。     

"内卷化"视域下"双减"政策的"破卷"逻辑与路径

本文基于"内卷化"的基本要义和关键特征,分析了在义务教育阶段存在的"内卷化"现象以及"双减"政策所能起到"破卷"作用的内在逻辑和路径.文章指出义务教育发生内卷化的三个关键原因:教育的窄化与隔离、教育资源的过度叠加、效用假象的误导.内卷下的教育呈现出"华丽而苍白""复杂而单调"的教育样态,表面繁华的背后是内涵的缺失,其实质是对教育改革的柔性抵抗,其危害是教育内涵发展的停滞."双减"政策发挥效能首先就要"破卷",遵循破卷逻辑,发挥"破卷"功能,令教育回归健康而有内涵的发展.     

African international doctoral students in New Zealand: Englishes,doctoral writing and intercultural supervision

While the experiences of international doctoral students, especially those from Asian countries, have been well researched, fewer studies have explored the experiences of African students in Southern countries like Australia and Aotearoa/New Zealand. This article reports on doctoral writing and student and supervisor perspectives on English languages in a small study of supervisors and African students in New Zealand. It challenges deficit constructions of African students and illustrates how the growing internationalisation of higher education is adding to the complexities of doctoral writing, raising questions as to how students and supervisors recognise and navigate differences in Englishes and doctoral writing. It makes a number of recommendations about how supervisors might work effectively with African and other doctoral students.     

Institutional logics of Chinese doctoral education system

As Chinese doctoral education has grown dramatically in the past four decades and developed into one of the largest doctoral education systems in the world, it has become one significant and integral part of the global doctoral education landscape. However, in the literature, there is a lack of both a comprehensive understanding of the Chinese doctoral education system and of generic frameworks for understanding doctoral education in a global context, with an emphasis on the underlying value systems. This may not only hamper the research on doctoral education in China but also affect international comparison and collaboration with Chinese doctoral education. Using the theory of institutional logics, this study tries to bridge the gap by identifying the complex value systems underlying the context of the Chinese doctoral education system, through a qualitative study mainly based on interview data and complemented by documentary data. The interview involves 135 participants, including 45 university academic leaders, 33 doctoral supervisors and 56 doctoral students from 17 research universities, as well as one government policy-maker. We found that the context of Chinese doctoral education system consists of multiple logics of state, profession, family, market and corporation. The special constellation of institutional logics has shaped the current Chinese doctoral education system as a state-led model but meanwhile incorporating family characteristics, market orientation and regulated academic autonomy. The study also showed that Chinese doctoral education has been developing in line with international academic norms and global marketization trends, and has also been shaped by China’s socio-cultural tradition and the strong state regulation. In addition to the institutional logics analysis of the Chinese doctoral education system, this study paves the way for developing a novel framework for analysing doctoral education systems in other contexts and for comparative purposes.